1. Lesson 5.4
Moss and Liverworts

8. Lesson 5.4 Moss and Liverworts
Characteristics of moss:
Nonvascular therefore have no true
roots, leaves or stems
Called bryophytes
Grow in shade and moist
environments
Grow low to ground as ground cover
Have rhizoids that anchor the plant

9. Lesson 5.4 Moss and Liverworts
Characteristics of moss:
Rhizoid - thread-like hairs that grow
down into soil
Benefits of moss:
Replenish soil by chemical weathering
Prevent soil erosion

10. Lesson 5.4 Moss and Liverworts
Economic importance:
Sphagnum – grows in swamps, cells
hold water.
Peat Moss/Peat - decaying plant
material trapped in bottom of a
swamp and in US is sold to mix with
soil to increase moisture retention
and enrich the soil.

11. Lesson 5.4 Moss and Liverworts
Spanish moss is called a moss
but is really an angiosperm.

12. Lesson 5.4 Moss and Liverworts
Life Cycle of Moss
Has alternating generations:
A. Sporophyte generation
Produced on top of female plant
and produces spores after
fertilization
 Spores are released and
become gametophyte plants

13. Lesson 5.4 Moss and Liverworts
Life Cycle of Moss
Has alternating generations:
A. Sporophyte generation
B. Gametophyte generation
Produces egg and sperm cells
Sperm cells must swim to egg
cell
Results in fertilization and
formation of sporophytes plant

16. Lesson 5.4 Moss and Liverworts
Liverworts
Characteristics:
Bryophytes
No true leaves, stems or roots
Have rhizoids
Grow in moister places than
moss
Reproductive structures look like
umbrellas

17. Lesson 5.5 Algae

18. Lesson 5.5 Algae
Characteristics
Belong to kingdom Protista
Most contain chlorophyll
Most small in size
Lack stem, roots, or leaves
Most live in water
Important the food chain because
compose most of plankton

19. Lesson 5.5 Algae
Characteristics
Important the food chain because compose most of plankton
Plankton - the collection of small or
microscopic organisms that float or drift
in great numbers in fresh or salt
water, especially at or near the
surface, and serve as food for fish and
other larger organisms.
Classified by color

20. Lesson 5.5 Algae
Classification
A. Green Algae
o Largest group
o Green
o Mostly microscopic, single
celled
o Some live in colonies
o Some filamentous, have
filaments to attach to rocks
o freshwater

21. Green Algae

22. Lesson 5.5 Algae
Classified by color
B. Yellow algae
oContains yellow pigment
oPhotosynthetic – chlorophyll too
oIncludes diatoms (two part silica
shell)
oCollection of empty shells makes
diatomaceous earth used in
toothpaste, scrubbing
products, filters & dynamite to
stabilize

23. Diatoms

24. Lesson 5.5 Algae
Classified by color
C. Brown algae
obrown pigment
oPhotosynthetic – chlorophyll too
oMostly seaweed including the giant
kelps that live in the ocean
oAlgin from kelp used in food
products to hold liquids together like
in mayonnaise

25. Brown algae – Giant Kelp

26. Lesson 5.5 Algae
Classified by color
D. Red algae
oFound in great depths in the
ocean
oCan trap wavelengths of light that
travel deep into water and use for
photosynthesis
oContain carrageenin used to
thicken products like ice cream
and nutrient agar

28. Lesson 5.5
Other Algae:
A. Dinoflagellates
•Microscopic algae
•Have two flagella
•Cause red tides which is when
extreme growth or blooms creating a
toxin that can kill fish

30. Lesson 5.5 Algae
B. Cyanobacteria or blue-green
algae
•Originally classified as algae now as
bacteria
•Many have a bluish appearance
•Great survival in adverse conditions