The document discusses the anatomy of the intercostal spaces, including the muscles, nerves, arteries, veins and other structures located within the spaces between the ribs. It specifically names the external and internal intercostal muscles, intercostal nerves and their branches, intercostal arteries and veins, as well as related structures like the azygos system. The document also covers applied clinical aspects involving the intercostal spaces like pleural taps, thoracotomies, herpes zoster infections, and other conditions.