1. The Need for Energy

2. What do we need energy for? How do we measure energy in food? Why do all body cells have to carry out respiration? Who can remember the respiration equation? Revision

3. Discuss All body cells carry out aerobic respiration to produce energy. Discuss the problems below. Glucose + Oxygen H 2 0 + Energy + C0 2 Where does the glucose come from? How does it reach the cell? Where does the oxygen come from? How does it reach the cell? How does the cell get rid of the carbon dioxide? Where does it go?

5. Structure of the Lungs Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli (air sacs) Right lung Rib Intercostal Muscle (between ribs)

7. Alveoli Oxygen Carbon dioxide Oxygen dissolves in the moisture and then diffuses into the epithelial cell Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli epithelia to the red blood cell This is where gas exchange takes place

9. Summary Answer the questions on page 61 of the Success Guides in full sentences. Notes

10. Activity Place your hands on your ribs just above your stomach. Take a deep breath and slowly let it out. What is happening to your ribs as you breathe?

11. Breathing Breathing in Ribs move up and out. Diaphragm contracts and flattens. O 2 CO 2 Breathing out Ribs move down and in. Diaphragm relaxes and rises.

12. Breathing Next to your copy of the breathing diagram, describe what is happening to: the ribs the diaphragm the thorax volume the pressure in the chest Help Success Guide p62 Notes

13. Experiment Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled air Copy the diagram and colour the bicarbonate indicator to show the colour change. Inhaled air Exhaled air

16. But how does that oxygen get to all the cells in our body? So now we know how oxygen enters our blood stream.

17. How often does your heart muscle beat in a day? - Find your pulse (wrist or neck are easiest). -Record how many times your heart beats in 30 seconds. -How many times would that be in a day? Activity

19. Blood and Circulation The circulatory system consists of the heart (a muscular pump) and the blood vessels (a system of tubes) which carry blood to all parts of the body. Notes

20. Chambers of the Heart Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Internal wall Cardiac muscle

22. Blood Flow Vena cava: Carries deoxygenated blood from body to heart. Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs. Pulmonary Vein: Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart. Aorta: Carries oxygenated blood from heart to all body parts.

23. Use the information on the slide to label your second heart diagram showing the flow of blood. Blood Flow Notes

24. Construct a summary diagram to show the route of blood circulation from the body, through the heart and lungs, and back. Use the following blocks (remember arrows): Vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary vein Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Body Notes

25. Blood Vessels ARTERIES carry blood away from the heart. Thick, muscular wall. Narrow cavity Blood at high pressure VEINS carry blood to the heart. Thin, muscular wall. Wide cavity, with valves Blood at low pressure

27. Coronary Arteries Artery carrying O 2 rich blood to cardiac cells Damaged artery clogging with fatty deposits

32. You are working in the Blood Chemistry Lab of the Edinburgh Royal Hospital. Research and design a poster about blood cells to display on the walls for new staff. Activity: Things to include: Red blood cells - size, diagram, number/mm 3 blood, function White blood cells – size, diagram, number/mm 3 blood, function Platelets- diagram and function