4. Avian influenza, more commonly
known as bird flu, is a growing
concern.
Human can contract it from
contact with infected birds (often
Poultry) or there secretions or
excrement.
8/29/2013 4
5. Transmission from human to
human is rare; but is also a
potential concern.
Symptoms of it are similar to
influenza but complications can
be more severe and deadly.
8/29/2013 5
11. • Isolate patients with droplet or airborne
spread diseases from other patients
• Separate wards, areas, or establish rooms
for infectious patients where isolation
facilities do not exist
• Only those patients with epidemiological and
clinical information suggestive of a similar
diagnosis should share rooms
• Separate patients by at least 1 meter
Patient Accommodation
8/29/2013 11
12. Health care facility staff must
quickly identify and separate
potential sources of infection
from susceptible hosts
8/29/2013 12
13. Rapid identification of Patients with
Epidemic- or Pandemic:
Clinical indications
Severe acute febrile respiratory illness
(e.g., fever > 38°C, cough, shortness of breath)
Exposure history
Epidemiological indications
History of travel to area affected
Possible occupational exposure
Unprotected contact with patient(s)
8/29/2013 13
14. 14
Steps Example
Determine type and severity
of illness
Does Patient has pneumonia
or other complications.
Assess level of care needed
Does the patient need:
Anti-virals? Oxygen?
A ventilator?
Assess available health care
resources
Does the health care facility
have a ventilator?
Advise on patient referral and
transport
Does a nearby facility have a
ventilator? Can the patient
make the trip?
8/29/2013
15. Adults and adolescents > 12 years of age –
from time of admission until 7 days after
symptoms resolved
Infants and children ≤ 12 years of age –
from time of admission until 21 days after
symptoms resolved
8/29/2013 15
16. •Environmental cleaning: Use appropriate
procedures for the routine cleaning and
disinfection of environmental and other
frequently touched surfaces
•Waste disposal: Treat waste contaminated
with blood, bodily fluids, secretions and
excretions as clinical waste, in accordance with
policy
Environmental Cleaning &
Waste Disposal
8/29/2013 16
17. Use Standard Precautions
Gloves and hand washing
Gown + Eye protection
Avoid aerosolization
Prevent spills and leaks
Double bag if outside of bag is
contaminated
Incineration is usually the preferred
method
8/29/2013 17
18. 1. Floor
2. Spills of blood/
body fluids on floor
3. Walls & curtains
4. Furniture
20. Follow standard PPE procedures
for autopsies
Anyone handling a corpse should
follow standard precautions for
blood and body fluids
20
21. Apply standard precautions routinely in all
health-care settings
Place all patients (suspected or confirmed) in a
room or area separate from other patients
Practice both standard and droplet precautions
when caring for patients with infectious
8/29/2013 21
22. HCP who develop fever and
respiratory symptoms should be:
Instructed not to report to work, or if
at work, to stop patient-care activities,
put facemask, and promptly notify
their supervisor.
8/29/2013 22
23. Excluded from work until at least
24 hours after they no longer have
a fever (without the use of fever-
reducing medicines).
If symptoms such as cough and
sneezing are still present, HCP
should wear a facemask during
patient-care activities.
8/29/2013 23
30. • Previously called Universal Precautions
• Assumes blood and body fluid of ANY
patient could be infectious
• Recommends PPE and other infection
control practices to prevent
transmission in any healthcare setting
• Decisions about PPE use determined by
type of clinical interaction with patient
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings8/29/2013 30
31. • Gloves – Use when touching blood, body
fluids, secretions, excretions, contaminated
items; for touching mucus membranes and
non-intact skin
• Gowns – Use during procedures and
patient care activities when contact of
clothing/ exposed skin with blood/body
fluids, secretions, or excretions is
anticipated
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings8/29/2013 31
32. • Mask, goggles or a face shield –
Use during patient care activities
likely to generate splashes or sprays
of blood, body fluids, secretions, or
excretions
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings8/29/2013 32
37. • Giving a bed bath?
• Suctioning oral
secretions?
• Transporting a
patient in a wheel
chair?
• Responding to an
emergency where
blood is spurting?
• Drawing blood
from a vein?
• Cleaning an
incontinent patient
with diarrhea?
• Irrigating a
wound?
• Taking vital signs?
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings8/29/2013 37
38. • Giving a bed bath?
• Generally none
• Suctioning oral secretions?
• Gloves and
mask/goggles or a face
shield – sometimes
gown
• Transporting a patient in a
wheel chair?
• Generally none required
• Responding to an emergency
where blood is spurting?
• Gloves, fluid-resistant
gown, mask/goggles or
a face shield
• Drawing blood from a vein?
• Gloves
• Cleaning an incontinent patient
with diarrhea?
• Gloves w/wo gown
• Irrigating a wound?
• Gloves, gown,
mask/goggles or a face
shield
• Taking vital signs?
– Generally none
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings8/29/2013 38
40. • Expanded Precautions include
–Contact Precautions
–Droplet Precautions
–Airborne Infection Isolation
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings8/29/2013 40
41. • Gown and gloves for contact with
patient or environment of care
• In some instances these are required
for entering patient’s environment
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings
8/29/2013
41
43. Masks, help block large-particle
droplets, splashes, sprays or
splatter that may contain germs from
reaching your mouth and nose.
Facemasks may also help reduce
exposure of the wearer's saliva and
respiratory secretions to others.
8/29/2013 43
44. A respirator is used to reduce the
wearer's risk of inhaling hazardous
airborne particles (including dust
particles and infectious agents), gases,
or vapors.
A commonly used respirator is a
filtering face-piece respirator (often
referred to as an N95).
8/29/2013 44
46. • Don before contact with the patient,
generally before entering the room
• Use carefully – don’t spread contamination
• Remove and discard carefully, either at the
doorway or immediately outside patient
room; remove respirator outside room
• Immediately perform hand hygiene
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings
47. • Required for Standard and Expanded
Precautions
• Perform…
– Immediately after removing PPE
– Between patient contacts
• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and
water or use alcohol-based hand rub
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings8/29/2013 47
55. FlOOR
-Wet mopping
-2% carbolic acid is
recommended
FURNITURE
-Bed ,tables ,chairs etc should be
cleaned with detergent and
(2% carbolic acid )routinely.
TOILET
-Cleaned with detergent &
phenol.
56. FANS AND LIGHTS
-Wet moping with
detergent weekly.
MATTRESS/PILLOW
-cover with plastic and
clean with disinfectant
FUMIGATION
-For 1000sq ft, 500ml
formalin & 1000ml
water for 24 hours.