Presentation at EAPR 2014 conference

1. POTATO IN CEREAL BASED SYSTEM TO
MEET FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTH ASIA
Mohinder Singh Kadian
Lowland Potato Leader: Asia, CIP- Region-SWCA
DPS Marg, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-12, India. m.kadian@cgiar.org
EAPR: July 6-11,2014
Brussels, Belgium

2. 1.Introduction
2. Potato in Sub-tropical
Lowlands of South Asia (SA)
3.Constraints to wide adoption
4. Targeting systems
5. CIP-Research and Development
Strategy for SA
Outline

3. Introduction:
South Asia was last reported at 69.86% living in rural area in 2010,
according to a World Bank report published in 2012.
The prediction by the French Institute of Demographic Studies (INED) is
that India alone will succeed China in population by 2050 with a population
of 1.6 billion which would give South Asia the highest
global population.
Malnutrition is still a major problem in
South-Asia despite economic growth
and reduction in poverty as about half
of the children below five are stunted
(47% in 2008 according to WDI).

4. Country Area (Ha) Production(MT) Productivity (T/Ha)
Afghanistan 21,500 235,000 10.93
Bangladesh 534,000 9,740,000 18.24
India 1,900,000 45,000,000 23.68
Nepal 190,250 2,584,301 13.58
Pakistan 185,100 4,104,400 22.17
Indonesia 64,518 1,068,800 16.57
Vietnam 40,000 440,000 11.00
China 5,431,700 85,920,000 15.82
SOURCE: FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2013
FAO 2012

5. Country Area
(HA)
Per cent area
in lowlands & highlands
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Lowland Highland
1,000 20,500
534,000 ----
----- 5,981
1,715,000 185,000
57,000 133,250
166,590 18,510
---- 4,870
Lowland Highland
5 95
100 ---
--- 100
89 11
30 70
90 10
--- 100
Potato Statistics of Lowland /highland-
SWA: 2012

6. Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Latitude
Winter Wheat
Potato
Rice Wheat
Rice Potato
PotatoRice Rice
Potato Potato
Temperate
Lowlands
(240,000 ha)
Temperate
Highlands
(186,500 ha)
W. Wheat
********************************************************************
***********************************************************************************
*
Potato
S. Wheat/Barley S. Wheat/Barley
Potato
**************************************************************************
Subtropical
Lowlands
(2989500 ha
excluding China
and Vietnam)
Sub-Tropical
Highlands
(451,000 ha excluding
China and Vietnam)
Potato Potato
WheatWheat Rice
Maize Maize
E. Rice L. Rice Potato
E. Rice
PotatoMaize/Vegetables Potato
Growing season by latitude for potato within a cereal based cropping‐
system.

7. Country Varieties grown % area under
variety
Afghanistan Kufri Chandramukhi
Kufri Luavkar
Cardinal
Others
70
20
15
5
Bangladesh Diamant
Local (indigenous)
Cardinal
Others
55
18
16
11
Bhutan Desiree
Others
90
10
India Kufri Jyoti
Kufri Bahar
Kufri Pukhraj
Others
32
32
8
28
Potato varieties cultivated in SWA region

8. Nepal Kufri Sindhuri
Kufri Jyoti
Desiree
Cardinal
Others
TPS
20
17
12
10
35
6
Pakistan Desiree
Others (Dutch varieties)
Diamant
Others (more than 12
varieties)
35
22
11
32
Country Varieties grown % area under
variety
Potato varieties cultivated in SWA region

9. Country Pathogen & % damage
Afghanistan Cutworms: 20-30
Viruses: 20-30
Bangladesh Late blight: 20-50
Viruses: 10-70
India Late blight: 10-70
Viruses: 5-60
Bacterial wilt: 0-30

10. Country Pathogen & % extend of damage
Pakistan Late blight: 10-80
Viruses: 10-70
Nepal Late blight: 10-80
Viruses: 10-70
PTM: 0-60
LB damage

11. Potato
1st Transplanted boro rice
Boro nursery
2nd Transplanting after
potato harvest
Constraints to wide adaptation of potato in the
system
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lack of country and region specific varieties:
- 70 day varieties for cereal based system

12. Lack of abiotic stress tolerant varieties for cereal based
system
Heat tolerant
2. Drought tolerant1.Heat tolerant
3.Salinity tolerant 4. FROST Tolerant
50 million ha-dry-land

13. Germplasm/
Cultivars
KARNAL BURDWAN LDLOL
YR-1 Yr-2 Mean YR-1 YR-2 Mean YR-1 YR-2 Mean
CP-4054
CIP(397065.28)
33.2 47.9 40.55 51.8 48.5 50.15 36.1 41.6 38.85
K. Badshah 22.5 29.7 26.1 53.3 33.7 43.5 39.4 29.8 34.6
K. Bahar 16.5 22.0 19.25 - - - - - -
K. Jyoti 18.5 18.5 44.1 35.8 39.95 28.9 28.9
K. Lauvkar 16.3 16.3 48.7 48.7 18.6 21.3 19.95
CD (0.05) 5.14 1.26 7.12 3.39 6.48 2.67
CV (%) 15.22 5.17 10.4 5.99 13.28 5.93
One CIP clone recommended for on-farm trials for variety release
Marketable yield (t/ha) at 90 DAP

14. Germplasm/
Cultivars
KARNAL BURDWAN LADOL
YR-1 YR-2 Mean YR-1 YR-2 Mean YR-1 YR-2 Mean
CP-4054 (CIP
397065.28)
19.83 19.25 19.54 16.80 17.48 17.14 18.97 21.67 20.32
K. Badshah 17.43 17.75 17.59 16.10 18.48 17.29 16.90 17.88 17.39
K. Bahar 18.47 17.75 18.11 - - - - - -
K. Jyoti 18.50 - 18.50 15.80 17.13 16.47 16.23 16.23
K. Lauvkar 19.40 - 19.40 17.20 - 17.20 17.17 17.60 17.39
CD (0.05) 0.95 0.44 0.53 1.82 0.46
CV (%) 2.81 3.37 2.00 5.53 1.53
Per Cent Tuber Dry Matter
Tuber characters : White, Oval, Shallow eyes, White Flesh

15. - LB resistant varieties
Change in climate particularly high
temperatures and more foggy days
during autumn season has reduced
poor farmer’s income through
decreased potato productivity and
degrading ecosystem by applying
more pesticides
LB-devastated field

16. Truthful Seed;
1. Private sector
2. NGOs
3. BADC
Local potato varieties
Farmers based seed production
in Bangladesh (CIP/TCRC)
G-4
G-3
G-5
Availability Quality Seed.
Bangladesh
Seed requirement: 0.75 million tons
Bangladesh Agricultural Development
Corporation,
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
and BRAC (NGO) main seed producing
sectors
Quality seed produced locally meets 6%
requirement (BADC,BRAC,BARI)
Seed imported in 2010: 7000 MT

17. Low cost seed production system in
Temporary net houses: BRAC-Bangladesh
Total Cost: US $ 35000/ha (Rs. 180,000)
for one hectare
Detail cost :
Mesh size 40 mm for protecting from aphids
Life of net house: 5-7 Years
50 labor needed to install one hectare net house
10 to 12.5 MT per hectare mini-tubers are
produced from in-vitro plant in one ha
net house

18. Pakistan
• Nearly 1500 MT seed is produced
annually to meets about 2 % seed requirement
• Between 5000-7000 MT seed is imported
annually
• The traders are the sole agents to import & sell seed
• The farmers use imported seed for 3-4 generations
• Farmers like Dutch seed compared to certified seed
produced by public sectors of Pakistan

19. Potato seed movement
INDIA
Potato Area:
i) Plains 85%
ii) Hills: 8%
iii)Plateau: 7%
Seed demands
met:
i)25% Formal
ii)75% Informal

20.  Lack of Proper Value Change
<3-6% potato processed is process in SWA
- < 2% proceeded in Pakistan, Bangladesh
Nepal

21. ICM training for quality seed
production in SA
Capacity Building
Maharashtra-India
Jalalabad-Afghanistan
Parwan-Afghanistan
South Bangladesh

22. CIP’s Targets for Sub-Tropical Lowlands
1. Agile Potato: A 70- 90-day potato resistant to heat and
viruses and with good processing quality complement to
low-income cereals (rice, wheat) in lowlands.
2. Regional frameworks
Inclusion of potato as a food
security crop in the Regional
policy of China, India,
Bangladesh and Pakistan
creating political will and an
enabling planning framework
for expansion.

23. 3. National frameworks and country targeting
National programs develop their capacities and research
partnerships for PPP, trained manpower, and sufficient
infrastructure and resources combined with the existing and
potential density of population to reach large number of
households.
4. Strategy to reach maximum poor stakeholders
New, early, and medium duration varieties resistant to
abiotic (heat and drought) and biotic (virus, LB) stresses with
specific postharvest use will
address current producers’ and
market needs as well as food
security for vulnerable
households.

24. CIP-Research and Development Strategy for SA
SO2: Enhancing Food Security in Asia through the
Intensification of Local Cereal-based Systems with the
“Precocious Potato”
Accelerated breeding methods:Accelerated breeding methods:
Breeding technology for constraints such asBreeding technology for constraints such as
virus diseases, heat and drought stresses,virus diseases, heat and drought stresses,
earliness, and day-neutrality to enable resilientearliness, and day-neutrality to enable resilient
and precocious potato varieties to be developed..and precocious potato varieties to be developed..
Options for demand expansionOptions for demand expansion.. Value chainValue chain
studies to assess demand to avoid overproductionstudies to assess demand to avoid overproduction
by to investigating (1) the opportunities for regional trade of seed and wareby to investigating (1) the opportunities for regional trade of seed and ware
potatoes & (2) to enhance the processing from 3–6% in the region to 20%potatoes & (2) to enhance the processing from 3–6% in the region to 20%
by 2020.by 2020.

25. • Fast track systems for effective variety identificationFast track systems for effective variety identification
and releaseand release.. The benefits of PVS approaches toThe benefits of PVS approaches to
accelerate the release and acceptance of new varietiesaccelerate the release and acceptance of new varieties
by multiple stakeholders authorities.by multiple stakeholders authorities.
• Strategies for ecological intensification of farmingStrategies for ecological intensification of farming
system with potatosystem with potato.. Research on nutrient cycling, waterResearch on nutrient cycling, water
harvest, sustainable soil, and pest management willharvest, sustainable soil, and pest management will
contribute to resilient landscapes and increasing cropcontribute to resilient landscapes and increasing crop
productivity.productivity.
• Strategies for going to scaleStrategies for going to scale. Build the capacity of. Build the capacity of
traditional longstanding national partners, NARS,traditional longstanding national partners, NARS,
farmers associations, and NGOs and create regionalfarmers associations, and NGOs and create regional
training hubs in India.training hubs in India.