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- 1. Prepared by: Rubenesvaran Rau Department of Psychology and General Studies.
- 3. # 1 Germany: # 2 United Kingdom: # 3 Canada: # 4 South Africa: # 5 Switzerland: # 6 Belgium: # 7 Sweden: # 8 Italy: # 9 Poland: # 10 Japan: # 11 New Zealand: people # 12 Mexico: # 13 Austria: # 14 Morocco: # 15 Argentina: # 16 Finland: # 17 Netherlands: people # 18 Croatia: # 19 Slovenia: # 20 Belarus: # 21 Hungary: # 22 Peru: # 23 Bolivia: # 24 Czech Republic: # 25 Portugal: # 26 Burma: # 27 Moldova: # 28 Azerbaijan: # 29 Panama: # 30 Luxembourg: people 250,969 per 100,000 people 183,419 per 100,000 people 92,590 per 100,000 people 53,810 per 100,000 people 49,201 per 100,000 people 40,856 per 100,000 people 38,005 per 100,000 people 37,965 per 100,000 people 36,178 per 100,000 people 26,477 per 100,000 people 23,747 per 100,000 23,588 per 100,000 people 22,422 per 100,000 people 17,064 per 100,000 people 15,508 per 100,000 people 13,857 per 100,000 people 12,683 per 100,000 10,819 per 100,000 people 5,583 per 100,000 people 5,303 per 100,000 people 4,786 per 100,000 people 4,359 per 100,000 people 3,938 per 100,000 people 3,860 per 100,000 people 3,758 per 100,000 people 2,867 per 100,000 people 2,481 per 100,000 people 2,190 per 100,000 people 1,484 per 100,000 people 1,321 per 100,000 # 31 # 32 # 33 # 34 # 35 # 36 # 37 # 38 # 39 # 40 # 41 # 42 # 43 # 44 # 45 # 46 # 47 # 48 # 49 # 50 # 51 Romania: Slovakia: Costa Rica: Denmark: Iceland: Norway: Lithuania: Uruguay: Tunisia: Latvia: United States: Cyprus: Thailand: Malta: Chile: Maldives: Albania: Oman: Nepal: Ireland: France: # 52 Malaysia: # 53 # 54 # 55 # 56 # 57 Singapore: Hong Kong: Greece: Spain: Korea, South: people # 58 Turkey: # 59 China: # 60 Indonesia: 1,291 per 100,000 people 1,119 per 100,000 people 1,099 per 100,000 people 1,053 per 100,000 people 994 per 100,000 people 987.1 per 100,000 people 937 per 100,000 people 857 per 100,000 people 815 per 100,000 people 629 per 100,000 people 560.1 per 100,000 people 436 per 100,000 people 428.9 per 100,000 people 341 per 100,000 people 324 per 100,000 people 293 per 100,000 people 250 per 100,000 people 247 per 100,000 people 201 per 100,000 people 190.2 per 100,000 people 176.1 per 100,000 people 48.6 per 100,000 people 46.8 per 100,000 people 34 per 100,000 people 33.3 per 100,000 people 27.9 per 100,000 people 9.9 per 100,000 4.6 per 100,000 people 3.9 per 100,000 people 3.4 per 100,000 people
- 4. NO. OF NEW HIV INFECTIONS, AIDS CASES AND AIDS DEATHS BY GENDER PER YEAR REPORTED IN MALAYSIA (1986 – DECEMBER 2004) YEAR 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 TOTAL HIV INFECTION Male Female TOTAL 3 0 3 2 0 2 7 2 9 197 3 200 769 9 778 1741 53 1794 2443 69 2512 2441 66 2507 3289 104 3393 4037 161 4198 4406 191 4597 3727 197 3924 4327 297 4624 4312 380 4692 4626 481 5107 5472 466 5938 6349 629 6978 6083 673 6756 5,731 696 6427 59,962 4,477 64,439 AIDS CASES Male Female 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 18 0 58 2 70 3 64 7 98 7 218 15 327 20 538 30 818 57 1114 86 1071 97 1188 114 1068 125 939 137 1,002 146 8,596 846 TOTAL 1 0 2 2 18 60 73 71 105 233 347 568 875 1200 1168 1302 1193 1076 1148 9,442 AIDS DEATH Male Female TOTAL 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 10 0 10 10 9 19 44 2 46 50 5 55 74 6 80 150 15 165 259 12 271 449 24 473 655 34 689 824 50 874 825 57 882 900 75 975 823 64 887 633 67 700 951 114 1,065 6,661 534 7,195
- 5. 1988 – 2009: of is 300,241, total number of drug users, 1.1% of Malaysia’s population 2009: RM200m of government expenditure (half for 28 rehabilitation centers) Year Number of addicts Age 2005 34, 831 23-42(71.82%) 2006 22, 811 25-29 (71.04%) 2007 14, 489 22-29 (70.37%) 2008 13, 762 20-39 (68%) 2009 12, 352 24-27 (72%)
- 6. Types Percentage Heroin & Morfin 60.73 Opium 0.03 Cannabis 23.12 Glue 0.05 Esctacy 1.00 Syabu/Ice/Glass 10.57 Psychotropic pills* + Amphetamine 2.77 Cough mixture with codeine 0.79 *E.g. Roche, Up John, Valium
- 7. Individual Family Anxiety, fatigue, depression Strong desire to use more Higher rate of low average birthweight babies Motor control interference Disruption of family life Withdrawal symptoms Mood and performance Cause sudden death Abortion CNS problems Addicted newborns Loss of body movement Risk of contracting AIDS, hepatitis, STDs
- 8. Society Economy Burglary and prostitution problems Lack of work force Costly – lost work time, inefficiency Wastage of expenditure Accidents Violence
- 9. Accuse Drugs Act Cannabis 6 Having Less than 20gm RM 20,000/-or imprisonment for less than 5 years or both 39A (1) Having 20 - 50gm Imprisonment >2 years + < 10 times strokes 39A(2) Having 50 - 200gm Lifetime imprisonment + > 10 times strokes 6B Planting - Lifetime imprisonment + > 6 times strokes 39B Distributing Having More than 200gm DEATH PENALTY RM 20,000/-or imprisonment for less than 5 years or both 39A(1) Having 100 -250gm Imprisonment >2 years + 3-9 times strokes 39A(2) Having 250 -1000gm Lifetime imprisonment + > 10 times strokes 39B Distributing 1000gm DEATH PENALTY 12(2) Having Less than 2gm RM 20,000/-or imprisonment for less than 5 years or both 39A(1) Having 2 -5gm Imprisonment >2 years + 3-9 times strokes 39A(2) Having 5 -15gm Lifetime imprisonment + > 10 times strokes 39B Distributing More than 15gm DEATH PENALTY Cough mixture with codeine 9(1) Having/Selling/Keeping/Di stributing - RM 3,000/-or imprisonment for less than 1 years or both Pills 30(3) Having/Selling/Keeping/Di stributing - RM 10,000/-or imprisonment for less than 4 years or both Syabu/Ice/Glass 12(2) Having Less than 5gm RM 20,000/-or imprisonment for less than 5 years or both 39A(1) Having 5 -30gm Imprisonment >2 years + 3-9 times strokes 39A(2) Having 30 - 50gm Lifetime imprisonment + > 10 times strokes Opium Heroin/ Monoacetyl Morphine 9 Penalty Less than100gm