1. TENSES (PEMBAGIAN WAKTU)
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
 (+) S +Verb + O/C
 (-) S + do + not + verb + O/C
 (?) Do + S + Verb1 + O/C
Time Signal : always, generally, seldom, usually, often,
sometimes, ever/never.
Example : + I study english every Saturday.
- I don’t study english every Saturday.
? Do You study english every Saturday ?

2. 2. Simple Past Tense
 (+) S + V2 + O/C
 (-) S + did + not + V1 + O/C
 (?) Did + S + V1 + O/C
Time signal : …ago, yesterday, last…
Example :
(+) I went to Menado last week.
(-) I did not go to Menado last week.
(?) Did You go to Menado last week ?

3. 3. Present Continous Tenses
 (+) S + to be (am, is, are ) + Ving + O/C
 (-) S + to be (am, is, are ) + not + Ving + O/C
 (?) To be (am, is, are ) + S + Ving + O/C
Time Signal : now, rightnow, at present, at
moment.
Example :
(+) We are reading a newspaper at present.
(-) We are not reading a newspaper at
present.
(?) Are We reading a newspaper at present ?

4. 4. Past Continous Tenses
 (+) S + to be (was/were) + Ving + O/C
 (-) S + to be (was/were) + not + Ving + O/C
 (?) to be (was/were) + S + Ving + O/C
Time signal : while, after, before
Example :
(+) I was watching TV when He came.
(-) I was not watching TV when He came.
(?) Was You watching TV when He came?

5. 5. Present Future Tense
 (+) S + shall/will + V1 + O/C
 (-) S + shall/will + V1 + O/C
 (?) Shall/Will + S + V1 + O/C
Time signal : next, tomorrow, to night.
Example :
(+) We will go to Surabaya next week.
(-) We will not go to Surabaya next week.
(?) Will We go to Surabaya next week?

6. 
6. Past Future
(+) S + should/would + V1 + O/C
 (-) S + should/would + not + V1 + O/C
 (?) Should/Would + S + V1 + O/C
Example :
(+) Yudi would go to Bali next month.
(-) Yudi would not go to Bali next month.
(?) Would Yudi go to Bali next month?

7. 
7. Present Perfect Tense
(+) S + have/has + V3 + O/C
 (-) S + have/has + not + V3 + O/C
 (?) Have/Has + S + V3 + O/C
Time signal : since, for, already, just.
Example :
(+) I have stayed in Pringsewu since 20 years ago.
(-) I have not stayed in Pringsewu since 20 years
ago.
(?) Have You stayed in Pringsewu since 20 years ago?

8. 
8. Past Perfect Tense
(+) S + had + V3 + O/C
 (-) S + had + not + V3 + O/C
 (?) Had + S + V3 + O/C
Time signal : by the…
Example :
(+) I had taken a bath by the time Rani arrived.
(-) I had not taken a bath by the time Rani arrived.
(?) Had You taken a bath by the time Rani arrived?

9. Conditional Sentences
Type 1
• Main Clause : Present Future Tense
S + will/shall + V1 + O/C
• If Clause : Simple Present
S + V1 + O/C
Example:
I will go to Bali, if I have a holiday.
If you call him, he will come here.

10. Type 2
 Main Clause : Past Future
S + should/would + V1 + O/C
 If Clause : Simple Past Tense
S + V2 + O/C
Example :
I would buy a new house if I won the lottery.
She would go Bali if She had much money.

11. Type 3
• Main Clause : Past Future Perfect
S + should/would + have + V3
• If Clause : Past Perfect
S + had + V3 + O/C
Example :
If I had been a president I would have built many
school.
You would have passed your final exam if you had
studied.

12. PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE SENTENCES PASSIVE SENTENCES
1. Simple Present 1. Simple Present
S + V1 + O S + to be ( am,is,are) + V3 + O
2. Present Continous 2. Present Continous
S + to be (am,is,are) + Ving + O S + to be (am,is,are) + being +
V3 + O
3. Simple Past 3. Simple Past
S + V2 + O S + to be (was/were) + V3 + O
4. Past Continous 4. Past Continous
S + to be (was/were) + Ving + O S + to be ( was/were) + V3 + O
5. Present Future 5. Present Future
S + shall/will + V1 + O S + shall/will + be + V3 + O
6. Past Future 6. Past Future
S + should/would + V1 + O S + should/would + be + V3 + O
7. Present Perfect 7. Present Perfect
S + have/has + V3 + O S + have/has + been + O
8. Past Perfect 8. Past Perfect
S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + O

13. Example
Simple Present
Active : He borrows the history book from the library
Passive : The history book is borrowed by him from the library
Present Continous
Active : You are washing the new dresses
Passive : The new dresses are being washed by You
Simple Past
Active : I saw You in the bus yesterday
Passive : You was seen by me yesterday
Past Continous
Active : You were studying english when Ina came
Passive : English was being studied by You when Ina came

14. Example
Present Future
Active : We will invite You on Lina’s party
Passive : You will be invited on Lina’s party
Past Future
Active : He wouldn’t give me a new dress
Passive : A new dress wouldn’t be given to me by him
Present Perfect
Active : They have sold the new old house
Passive : The old huose has been sold by them
Past Perfect
Active : Mr. Tanu had built the new company for 2 years
Passive : The new company had been built by Mr. Tanu for 2
years

15. ELLIPTICAL
+ +
 Sentence + and + S + aux. verb + too
 Sentence + and + so + aux. verb + S
- -
 Sentence + and + S + aux. verb + not +
either
 Sentence + and + neither + aux. verb + S
 + - and - +
 Sentence + but + S + aux. verb + not
 Sentence + but + S + aux. verb

16. Example
 I like classical music
 Benny like classical music
 I like classical music and Benny does too
 I like classical music and so does Benny
 My sister didn’t visit that museum last holiday
 Tari didn’t visit that museum last week
 My sister didn’t visit that museum last holiday and Tari
didn’t either
 My sister didn’t visit that museum last holiday and neither
did Tari
 Budi has worked in this office for 3 years
 Ella hasn’t worked in this office for 3 years
 Budi has worked in this office for 3 years but ella hasn’t

17. Example
 Mr. Tedi doesn’t know that word
 Feri knows that word
 Mr, Tedi doesn’t know that word but Feri
does

18. CONDITIONAL SENTENSE
(Kalimat Pengandaian))
Conditional clouse / if clouse
- Main clouse (induk kalimat)
- Sub clouse (anak kalimat)
•There are 3 types of conditional
1.Type 1 / future conditional
2.Type 2/ present counditional
3.Type 3/ past counditional

19. Main clouse Sub clouse
Type 1: present future type 1:simple
(s+shall/will+V1+O) presenttense
Type 2: past future (if+s+V1+o)
Type 2:simple past tense
(s+should/would+V1+o)
(if+s+V2+o)
Type 3:past future perfeck
Type 3:past perfect
(if+s+had+V3+o)
(s+should/would+have+V
3+o

20. Example :
1. If I...... (have) the time, I......(go) to bali
a. If I have the time, will go bali
b. If I had the time, I would go to bali
c. If I had the time, I would have gone to bali
2. You would buy a new car if you ... (gat) enough money
( you would buy a new car if you got enough money )
3.The teacher ...(explain) that lessen if the student ask him
( the teacher w ill explain that lessen if the student ask him
4.If tomy .... (be) here yesterday he would have adviced me
( if the had been here yesterday he would have adived me

21. S O
I US
YOU Me
HE Your
SHE him
her
• Active Sentences • Possitive Sentence
1. Simple present 1.Simple present
s+V1+O s+tobe(is,am.are)+V3+o
2. Present countinous 2. Present countinouse
s+tobe(was/har)+ving+o s+tobe(is,am,are)+being+V3+o
3. Simple past 3. Simple past
s+V2+o s+tobe(was/were)+v3+o
4.Past countinouse 4. Past countinouse
s+tobe(was/were)+ving+o s+tobe(was/were)+beng+v3+o

22. DEGRESS OF COMPARISON
(Tingkat perbandigan)
There are 3 types of comarison :
1.Positive degress ( tingkat perbandigan biasa
is,as...as
2.Comperative degress (tigkat pebandigan lebih
than....
3.Superative degress (tingkat perbandigan paling
the...

23. Adjective possitive comperative superlative
degree degree degree
a.1 atau 2 _ + Er + Est
suku kata
tall tall taller tallest
short short shorter shortest
high high higher highest
easy easy easier easiest
cheap cheap cheaper cheapest
b. Lebihn dari 2 _ +more +most
suku kata
beautiful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
expensive expensive more expensive most expensive
careful careful more careful most careful
diligent diligent more diligent most diligent
duickly duickly more duickly most duicly
slowly slowly more slowly most slowly

24. Example :
a.As the subyek
• mr tedy is a manager mr. Tedy who is very tall is a manager
he is very tall
b.As the obyek
• the lady is my secretary the lady whom you saw at the
party
you saw her at the party is my secretary
c.As the possesive
• mrs rany entered the room mrs rany whose bag is red entered
the room
har bag is red
• the computer is mine the computer of which monitor is
it’s monior is color clor is mine

25. QUESTION TAQ
• short question which takes place in the and sentence
Statemen question taq
a) + -
b) - +
c)Kalimat ajakan shall we
d)Kalimat perintah will you
Example :
s+p+o+aux verb+ not+s
 s+p+not+aux verb +s
Kalimat ajakan
let’s us goto the movie, shall we ?
 let’s me come to your house, shall we /
Kalimat perintah
Open the door, will you ?
Clouse the book, ill you