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Indus River Civilization
 Started about 2500
B.C
 Located in the
north – western
region of Indian
subcontinent
 The civilization is famous for its large and
well-planned cities
 1,052 cities and settlements have been
found
 Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro
 Covered most of what is today Pakistan and the
Indian states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and
Punjab
 The huge Indus river system waters a rich
agricultural landscape.
 Indus plain is surrounded by high mountains,
desert and ocean, and at that time dense forest to
the east.
Indus River Civilization
 Farming settlements grow into large and sophisticated
urban centers
 Communities were controlled by efficient governments
 The urban planning included the world's first known
urban sanitation systems
 Sewerage and Drainage systems were far in advance of
anything found in contemporary urban sites in the
Middle East.
 They built dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick
platforms, and protective walls “CITADELS”
Indus River Civilization
 The development of widespread irrigation systems
allowed the indigenous population to provide food for
themselves.
 Domestication of animals also served as an important
tool for cultivation and as a source of food.
 Natural borders consisted of mountains and the
Arabian Sea, sheltering the civilization from attack
and disease.
 The economy depended greatly on trade
 Bullock carts
Indus River Civilization
 Script has not been deciphered.
 Over 400 distinct Indus symbols (some say 600) have
been found on seals, small tablets, or ceramic pots,
and on over a dozen other materials.
 Hinduism - some Indus Valley seals show swastikas
- Mother Goddess ”Fertility”
 Buddhism
 shells, ceramic
 glazed beads
 Pottery
 gold jewellery
 anatomically detailed figurines in terra-cotta, bronze,
and soapstone
 First civilization in the world to develop precise
measurement and weighing equipment
 The first to develop a system of uniform weights and
measures
 The engineering skill of the Indus people was of a very
high order
 Men worked within their designated caste social class
Caste system with four main classes
Brahmins (priests and the king)
Kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats - rulers)
Vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants)
Shudras (peasants and serfs)
 Women were valued because of their ability to
produce offspring and nurse
REFERENCES
 http://www.rivervalleycivilizations.com/indus.php
 http://www.timemaps.com/civilization/Indus-Valley-
civilization

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Indus River Civilization

  • 2.  Started about 2500 B.C  Located in the north – western region of Indian subcontinent
  • 3.  The civilization is famous for its large and well-planned cities  1,052 cities and settlements have been found  Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro
  • 4.  Covered most of what is today Pakistan and the Indian states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab  The huge Indus river system waters a rich agricultural landscape.  Indus plain is surrounded by high mountains, desert and ocean, and at that time dense forest to the east.
  • 6.  Farming settlements grow into large and sophisticated urban centers  Communities were controlled by efficient governments  The urban planning included the world's first known urban sanitation systems  Sewerage and Drainage systems were far in advance of anything found in contemporary urban sites in the Middle East.  They built dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls “CITADELS”
  • 8.  The development of widespread irrigation systems allowed the indigenous population to provide food for themselves.  Domestication of animals also served as an important tool for cultivation and as a source of food.  Natural borders consisted of mountains and the Arabian Sea, sheltering the civilization from attack and disease.  The economy depended greatly on trade  Bullock carts
  • 10.  Script has not been deciphered.  Over 400 distinct Indus symbols (some say 600) have been found on seals, small tablets, or ceramic pots, and on over a dozen other materials.  Hinduism - some Indus Valley seals show swastikas - Mother Goddess ”Fertility”  Buddhism
  • 11.  shells, ceramic  glazed beads  Pottery  gold jewellery  anatomically detailed figurines in terra-cotta, bronze, and soapstone
  • 12.  First civilization in the world to develop precise measurement and weighing equipment  The first to develop a system of uniform weights and measures  The engineering skill of the Indus people was of a very high order
  • 13.  Men worked within their designated caste social class Caste system with four main classes Brahmins (priests and the king) Kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats - rulers) Vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants) Shudras (peasants and serfs)  Women were valued because of their ability to produce offspring and nurse