Geological Time

Age of the Earth (1): Eternity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],© NASA

Age of the Earth (2): The Bible 4004 BC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bishop Ussher (1581-1656) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ussher.jpg

Age of the Earth (3): Experiments Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image: Buffon_1707-1788.jpg One of Buffon’s iron balls

Age of the Earth (4): The Sun http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image: Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Age of the Earth (5): More Physics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lord_ Kelvin_photograph.jpg Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Geothermal gradient

Age of the Earth (6): Geology Charles Lyell (1797-1875) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Charles_Lyell.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Colorado_River_edit.jpg

Age of the Earth (7): Evolution Lord Kelvin’s “views on the recent age of the world have been for some time one of my sorest troubles” (Darwin to Wallace) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image: Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpg Charles Darwin Lord Kelvin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image: Darwin aged 54.jpg

Age of the Earth (8): Sea Salt ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Obituary Notices of F.R.S. , 1 , 260 (1933) John Joly (1857-1933) http://www.bigfoto.com/miscellaneous/photos-16/index.htm salt crystals

Age of the Earth (9): Assumptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Geological History (1): Strata Nicolas Steno (1638-1686) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Steno Oldest strata Youngest strata © Howard Falcon-Lang

Geological History (2): Neptunism Abraham Werner (1749-1817) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Abraham_ Gottlob_Werner.jpg ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],© Howard Falcon-Lang Granite

Geological History (3): Gaps ,[object Object],[object Object],James Hutton (1726-1797) Copyright © Marli Miller, University of Oregon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/c/c6/James_Hutton.jpg Siccar Point unconformity

Geological History (4): Maps William Smith (1769-1839) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image: William_Smith.g.jpg The Map that changed the World Some of Smith’s fossils

Geological History (5): Fossils Cuvier ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Charles Lyell (1797-1875) Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

Geological History (6): Stratigraphy A tug-of-war as rocks got sorted into geological periods in the new science of stratigraphy commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image :Adam_Sedgwick.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Roderick _Murchison.jpg Murchison Sedgewick

Geological History (7): Periods Carboniferous Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Tertiary Quaternary

Geological History (8): The Column Geological Time: Eons, Eras, Periods and Epochs

Geological History (9): Example Impact http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KT_boundary_054.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Impact _event.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wikiImage:Palais_de_la_Decouvert e_Tyrannosaurus_rex_p1050042.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tyrannosaurus_BW.jpg Extinction Cretaceous Paleogene

Radiometric dating (1): Discovery Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radiometric dating (2): Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radiometric dating (3): Half life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Half life: 0 Half life: 1 Half life: 2 Linear Exponential

Radiometric dating (4): Clocks ,[object Object],[object Object],Decay series Half life 40 K to 40 Ar 1250 Ma 147 Sm to 143 Nd 1060 Ma 235 U to 207 Pb 704 Ma 238 U to 206 Pb 4468 Ma 14 C to 14 N 5370 years Geological timescales Archaeology

Radiometric dating (5): Pioneers Arthur Holmes (1890-1965) Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radiometric dating (6): Oldest Rock ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],© NASA Acasta Gneiss Zircon mineral

Radiometric dating (7): Oldest Grain 4404 Ma zircon grain © NASA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radiometric dating (8): Meteorites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Crab Nebula Canyon Diablo meteorite

Radiometric Dating (9): History dinosaurs humans first life origin of Earth © World Health Org. © NASA first complex cells

Geological Time

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Geological Time