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1. Minimally Invasive Esophageal Cancer Surgery at
SafeMedTrip Affiliated World Class Hospitals in India
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2. Esophageal cancer ???
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Esophageal cancer occurs when cancer cells develop
in the esophagus, a tube-like structure that runs from
your throat to your stomach. Food goes from the
mouth to the stomach through the esophagus. The
cancer starts at the inner layer of the esophagus and
can spread throughout the other layers of the
esophagus and to other parts of the body
(metastasis).
There are two main types of esophageal cancer. One type is squamous cell carcinoma.
Squamous cells line the inner esophagus, and cancer developing from squamous cells can
occur along the entire esophagus. The other type is called adenocarcinoma. This is cancer
that develops from gland cells. To develop adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, squamous
cells that normally line the esophagus are replaced by gland cells. This typically occurs in
the lower esophagus near the stomach and is believed to be related to acid exposure to the
lower esophagus.

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Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer :
The esophagus is a hollow tube that carries food and liquids from your throat to your
stomach. Early esophageal cancer usually does not cause symptoms. Later, you may have
symptoms such as
Painful or difficult swallowing
Weight loss
A hoarse voice or cough that doesn't go away
You're at greater risk for getting esophageal cancer if you smoke, drink heavily, or have acid
reflux. Your risk also goes up as you age
Your doctor uses imaging tests and a biopsy to diagnose esophageal cancer. Treatments
include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. You might also need nutritional support,
since the cancer or treatment may make it hard to swallow.

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Type of Esophageal Cancer
The Two most common forms of Esophageal Cancer are :
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma : Cancer that forms
in squamous cells, the thin, flat cells lining the
esophagus. This cancer is most often found in the
upper and middle part of the esophagus, but can occur
anywhere along the esophagus. This is also called
epidermoid carcinoma.
• Adenocarcinoma : Cancer that begins in glandular
(secretory) cells. Glandular cells in the lining of the
esophagus produce and release fluids such as mucus.
Adenocarcinomas usually form in the lower part of the
esophagus, near the stomach.

5. Treatment of Esophageal Cancers
at World Class Hospitals in India
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Surgery : Surgery is commonly used to treat esophageal cancer
that has not spread beyond the esophagus and its surrounding
lymph nodes. The goal of the operation is to remove the cancer
and nearby tissue that may be affected. In an esophagectomy, the
surgeon removes part of the esophagus, nearby lymph nodes, and
possibly part of the stomach.
Chemotherapy : Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer
cells, usually by stopping the cancer cells’ ability to grow and
divide. Systemic chemotherapy is delivered through the
bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body.
Radiation therapy : The use of high-energy rays to damage cancer cells, stopping them from
growing and dividing. Like surgery, radiation therapy is a local treatment that affects cancer
cells only in the treated area.
Photodynamic Therapy : A form of treatment that uses a photosensitizing agent,
administered by mouth or intravenously, which concentrates selectively in certain cells,
followed by exposure of the involved tissue to a special light (such as laser or ultraviolet light),
in order to destroy as much of the abnormal tissue as possible.
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6. Minimally Invasive Esophageal Cancer Surgery
at World Class Hospitals in India
For some early (small) cancers, the esophagus can be removed through
several small incisions instead of 1 or 2 large incisions. The surgeon
puts a scope through one of the incisions to see everything during the
operation. Then the surgical instruments go in through other small
incisions. In order to do this type of procedure well, the surgeon needs
to be highly skilled and have a great deal of experience removing the
esophagus this way. Because it uses smaller incisions, minimally
invasive esophagectomy may allow the patient to leave the hospital
sooner and recover faster.
Occasionally, the surgeon is unable to do the procedure laparoscopically and must convert to open surgery in
order to make it safer for you. In this case, you will have an incision in the middle of your abdomen and your
recovery will be longer. To help prevent blood clots from forming in your legs during and after surgery,
sequential compression stockings may be applied.
What is the Benefit of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Cancer Surgery?
Less Post-Operative Pain.
Faster recovery and return to normal activity.
Shorter Hospital Stay.
Less Post-Operative Complications.
Minimally Sized Incisions/Scars.
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