1. Intermodal System
Materi Pelajaran
Manajemen Bandar Udara
Oleh :
Safrudin Kurniawan, S.Kom, M.Sc.

2. Tujuan Instruksional Khusus :
Peserta Diklat Manajemen Bandar Udara dapat merencanakan dan
mengembangkan sistem transportasi antarmoda/multimoda di
Bandara masing – masing sehingga tercipta keterpaduan
pelayanan dan keterpaduan prasarana transportasi yang efektif
dan efisien.

3. Outline
Definition of Transport
Mode of Transportasi
Modal Choise
Public Transport Vs Private Transport
Future Transport
Unimodal, Intramodal, Intermodal and Multimodal
Sistranas
Cetak Biru Transportasi Antarmoda/Multimoda Nasional
Studi Kasus
Kesimpulan

4. The Sisyphus Analogy in Transportation

5. What is transportation ?
• Transport or transportation is the movement of
people, animals and goods from one location to
another.

6. Different Representations of Distance
A B
A B
Transshipment
Pickup Delivery
Transshipment
Pickup Delivery
Order
Inventory Management
Unpacking
Order Processing
Packing
Scheduling
Sorting
Warehousing
Euclidean Distance
Transport Distance
A B
Logistical Distance

7. Key Dimensions of Transportation
Dimension
Historical Changes brought by transport technologies. Rise of civilizations (e.g. Egypt, Rome and
China). Development of modern nation states. Globalization.
Economic Transport and economic development (indirectly and directly). Factor in the production
and added-value of goods and services. Facilitates economies of scale. Influences land
(real estate) value. Contributes to the specialization of regions.
Social Access to healthcare, welfare, and cultural events. Shape social interactions.
Political Nation building and national unity. National defense (Roman empire, American road
network). Rules and regulations. Mobility often subsidized (e.g. public transit or
highways).
Environmental Important environmental impacts. Pollution, exploitation of natural resources.

8. Core Components of Transportation
Modes
• Conveyances (vehicles) used to move passengers or freight.
• Mobile elements of transportation.
Infrastructures
• Physical support of transport modes, such as routes and terminals.
• Fixed elements of transportation.
Networks
• System of linked locations (nodes).
• Functional and spatial organization of transportation.
Flows
• Movements of people, freight and information over their network.
• Flows have origins, intermediary locations and destinations.

9. Mode of Transportation
Road Transportation
• Private transport
• For-hire transport
• Public Transport
Rail Transportaion
Pipeline
Air Transportation
Maritime Transportation
•Light-Heavy cargo handling
•Passenger services
•Recreational boating
•Ferry services
•Rural-urban transport services

11. Factors affecting mode choice
• Social
• Economy
User
Characteristic
• Purpose
• Distance
• Time, duration
Travel
Characteristics
• Mode of transport availability
Transport
System Condition

12. Distance, Modal Choice and Transport Costs
Distance
Transportcostsperunit
Road
Rail Maritime
D1 D2
C1 C2
C3

13. Main Passenger Modal Options
Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-PaulRodrigue, Dept. of GlobalStudies & Geography, HofstraUniversity. For personalor classroom useONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domainand cannotbe published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printedor electronic)
and on any mediawithout consent. This includes conference presentations. PermissionMUST be requested prior to use.
Air
Scheduled
Charter
Car
Taxi
Van/Bus
Road
Intercity
HSR
Subway
Commuter
LRT
Monorail
Rail Maritime
Ferry
Cruise
Transit
Bicycle
Walking
Motorcycle
RoRo
High Speed

14. Main Freight Modal Options
Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-PaulRodrigue, Dept. of GlobalStudies & Geography, HofstraUniversity. For personalor classroom useONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domainand cannotbe published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printedor electronic)
and on any mediawithout consent. This includes conference presentations. PermissionMUST be requested prior to use.
Air
Package
Heavy
Package
Less than
Truckload (LTL)
Truck
Dry Van
Tank
Flatbed
Curtainside
Reefer
Hopper
Open Top
Unit Train
Carload
Boxcar
Tank Car
Flat Car
Reefer
Hopper
Gondola
Rail Maritime
Break-bulk
Liquid Bulk
RoRo
Dry Bulk
ISO Container
Reefer
Flatrack
Pipeline
Pipeline
Oil
Gas
Water
Tank
Inland /
Coastal
Tow
River/sea
Tank barge
Deck barge
Hopper barge
Container
Container
Chassis
Intermodal
Freighter
Bellyhold
Truckload (TL)
TOFC
Domestic

15. Transportation and the Mobility of Passengers and FreightShareoftotalpassengersortons-km
Distance
Commuting
Shopping
Recreation
Business
Tourism
Migration
Waste disposal
Local distribution
Trade
Energy & Raw Materials
Commodity / Supply Chains

16. Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation
Board, get off and transfer without
assistance.
Process information and act on it without
assistance.
Make choices between transport modes
without assistance but often irrationally.
Require travel accommodations related to
comfort and safety.
Must be loaded, unloaded and transferred.
Information must be processed through
logistics managers.
Logistics managers meet choices between
transport modes rationally.
Require limited travel accommodations.

17. Performance Comparison for Selected Freight Modes
Barge
Hopper car
100 car train unit
Semi-trailer truck
1500 Tons / 50-100 TEU
52,500 Bushels
453,600 Gallons
100 Tons / 4 to 5.3 TEU
3,500 Bushels
30,240 Gallons
10,000 Tons / 400 to 530 TEU
350,000 Bushels
3,024,000 Gallons
26 Tons / 2.65 TEU
910 Bushels
7,865 Gallons
9,000 for a tanker truck
57.7 (865 for 15 barges
in tow)
18 to 40 (intermodal)
2.0 (intermodal) to 3.8
385
1
Panamax containership
5,000 TEU 2,116
VLCC
300,000 tons
2 million barrels of oil
747-400F
100-125 tons
(Depending on freight
density and range)
9,330
5
Capacity Truck EquivalencyVehicle
Doublestack
rail car
100 car intermodal train

18. Congestion
How long you go to Airport by Car ?
And how long you go to another City by Plane ?

19. Fuel Consumption Comparison
Modes Fuel Consumtion (Kcal/pnp-km)
Private car 580
Airplane 394
Ferry 295
Bus 247
Train 100

20. Carbon Emision
Modes of transportation CO2 (Gram/pnp-km)
Private Car 45
Airplane 30
Ferry 24
Bus 19
LRT 9
Train 5
Subway/MRT 3

21. Comparison of the Relative Efficiencies of Rail and Trucking in the United
States
Mode Fuel Consumption Infrastructure
Capacity
Costs Safety
Railroad 455 ton-miles per
gallon
216 million tons per
mainline per year
2.7 cents per ton-
mile
0.61 fatalities per
billion ton-miles; 12.4
incidents per billion
ton-miles
Trucking 105 ton-miles per
gallon
37.8 million tons per
lane per year
5.0 cents per ton-
mile
1.45 fatalities per
billion ton-miles; 36.4
incidents per billion
ton-miles

22. Compare : Bus, Bicycle, Car
Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-PaulRodrigue, Dept. of GlobalStudies & Geography, HofstraUniversity. For personalor classroom useONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domainand cannotbe published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printedor electronic)
and on any mediawithout consent. This includes conference presentations. PermissionMUST be requested prior to use.

23. Cars Vs LRT

24. Future Transportation
• Reduce using private car will revitalize other modes.
• Many modes >> many options >> prograss indicator.
• Many modes will encourage competition, Synergy: need a CONCEPT
• Consumer orientation NOT producer orentation.
• Environmentally friendly and energy saving.

25. Definition
Unimodal Transportation
• Carriage of goods by only one mode of transport (road, rail, sea-inland waterways, air,
pipeline).
Intramodal Transportation
• The movements of passengers or freight within the same mode of transport.
Intermodal Transportation
• The movements of passengers or freight from one mode of transport to another, commonly
taking place at a terminal specifically designed for such a purpose.
Multimodal Transportation
• The transportation of goods under a single contract, but performed with at least two different
means of transport; the carrier is liable (in a legal sense) for the entire carriage, even though
it is performed by several different modes of transport (by rail, sea and road, for example).

26. Intermodal Transportation as an Integrative Force
A
C
D
F
E
B
A
C
D
F
E
B
Rail
Road
Transshipment
Transshipment
Intermodal Integrated NetworkUnimodal Point-to-Point Network

27. Intermodal Transport Chain
Composition
Transfer
Interchange
DecompositionLocal / Regional Distribution
National / International Distribution
Transport Terminal
‘First mile’
‘Last mile’

28. Intermodal Sytem Element
Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-PaulRodrigue, Dept. of GlobalStudies & Geography, HofstraUniversity. For personalor classroom useONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domainand cannotbe published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printedor electronic)
and on any mediawithout consent. This includes conference presentations. PermissionMUST be requested prior to use.

29. Intermodal Transportation Combination
• Roadway – Railway
• Roadway – Waterway (sea, river)
• Roadway – Air Transportation
• Roadway – Railway – Air Transportation
• Railway – Waterway
• Railway – Air Transportation

30. Consideration in Transfer Point
Design of facilities and equipment
Schedule coordination
Unified Ticketing
Real time reliable travel information

31. Sistem Transportasi Nasional
• Effective
• Effisien
Sistranas
• Jaringan
Pelayanan
• Jaringan
Prasarana
• Service
Provider
Transportasi
Antarmoda
Multinoda
• Single Operator
• Single
document
• Single Tariff
• Single Ticket
Single
seamles
service

32. Komponen angkutan umum antarmoda/multimoda
• Moda penghubung (connecting modes)
• Moda utama (main modes)
• Jaringan antarmoda (intermodal network)
• Transfer Point
• Intermodal Transfer Point
• Peraturan
Stasiun Kertapati telah
terkoneksi dengan Bus Air dan
Trans Musi

33. Example of Intermodal Connection for an Airline Passanger

34. Cetak Biru Transportasi Antarmoda/Multimoda Nasional
Permasalahan :
• Kualitas badan usaha angkutan multimoda nasional masih belum sebaik
dinegara lain, hal ini disebabkan pernbinaan dan mutu SDM yang belum baik.
• Kurang lancarnya arus barang yang mengakibatkan ekonomi biaya tinggi
khususnya pada simpul transportasi seperti di pelabuhan dan bandar udara
tertentu.
• Mobilitas orang khususnya pada sirnpul perkotaan metropolitan masih
rendah disebabkan antara lain masih kurangnya manajemen antar dan intra
moda.
• Masih rendahnya arus barang dan mobilitas orang di sebagian wilayah
Indonesia, khususnya pada daerah tertinggal yang disebabkan kurangnya
jaringan transportasi antar moda

35. Cetak Biru Transportasi Antarmoda/Multimoda Nasional
• Visi transportasi antarrnoda/rnultirnoda tahun 2030 adalah -Arus Barang dan
Mobilitas Orang Efektif dan Efisien.Visi
• Mewujudkan kelancaran arus barang.
• Mewujudkan kelancaran rnobilitas orang.Misi
• Menekan Iarnanya waktu pelayanan pada simpuI moda transportasi.
• Menurunkan biaya pelayanan transportasi pada sirnpul moda transportasi.
• Meningkatkan kelancaran arus barang dan rnobilitas orang pada kota metropolitan.
• Meningkatkan aksesibilitas rnasyarakat dari dan ke daerah tertinggal.
Tujuan

36. Strategi Pengembangan Antarmoda/Multimoda di Bandara
Meningkatkan kinerja pelayanan kargo pada
14 bandar udara yang menangani sebagian
besar (96%) arus kargo, dengan cara :
• Optimasi dengan kegiatan berupa peningkatan
manajemen pergudangan.
• Pengembangan dan pembangunan fasilitas terminal
untuk kargo
• Peningkatan aksesibilitas ke bandara kargo

37. Pengembangan dan pembangunan fasilitas terminal untuk kargo :
• Pengembangan city check in dan port of origin bagi kargo ekspor dan port destination
bagi kargo impor.
• Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan terminal kargo baru.
• Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan cargo consolidation dan cargo
distribution.
• Pengadaan alat bongkar muat containerized cargo.
• lnstalasi peralatan cargo weighting terintegrasi dengan x-ray kargo, history image dan
record weighting.
• Instalasi system handling kargo bandara dengan Unit Load Devices (ULD).
• Pengadaan dan pengoperasian trucking system.
• Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan dry port sebagai fasilitas inland customs
and quarantee clearance dan penyelesaian administrasi ekspor/impor one stop.
• Instalasi/pengadaan sistem roler dan freighter.
• Pengembangan dan instalasi sistem Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).
• Pengadaan dan instalasi cold storage.

38. Peningkatan aksesibilitas ke bandara kargo :
Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan jalur
kereta api menuju bandara.
Penataan/peningkatan aksesibilitas dari dan ke cargo
area.
Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan jalan tol
dari dan ke bandar udara.
Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan jalan
layang akses ke bandar udara.

39. Studi Kasus : Antarmoda/Multimoda Bandara Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta
Bandara
Adi
Sutjipto
Trans Jogja
KA
Pramex
Damri
Batik Solo Trans
Bandara
Adi
Sumarmo

40. Studi Kasus : Antarmoda/Multimoda Kota Palembang
Bandara
SMB II
Bus Air
Trans Musi
Stasiun
Kertapati
Feeder

41. Studi Kasus Antarmoda/Multimoda Bandara di Jerman (1992)
Airport Type of Service Link
Berlin Local and Main Line service
Bremen Local Tram
Dusseldorf Local and Lufthansa Service
Frankfurt Local and Main Line and Lufthansa service
Munich Local Service
Intermodality is a central success factor at Frankfurt Airport:

42. Antar Moda di Frankfurt Airport
Long-distance train station: - 174 high-speed long-distance trains per day (2013)
- 5.600.000 passengers per year (2013)
Regional train station: - 223 commuter and regional trains per day (2013)
- 294,000 passengers per month (2013)
- travel time to downtown Frankfurt: 15 minutes
Road: -direct access to the intersection of Germany's most
important autobahns, the A5 (north/south) and the
A3 (east/west)
Parking: - 28,500 car parking facilities
Bus terminal: - 240 bus stops per day in local and regional public
transportation

43. Antar Moda di Frankfurt Airport

44. KESIMPULAN
Agar transportasi antarmoda sukses harus mendapat
dukungan dari semua stake holder.
Untuk mencapai hal tersebut sistem harus dilihat sebagai
bagian dari Sistem Transportasi Nasional demi mewujudkan
transportasi yang efektif dan efisien.
Transportasi antarmoda di bandara akan sukses jika
didukung juga oleh jaringan transportasi massal di wilayah
tersebut.
Jika transportasi antarmoda dianggap sebagai saingan bukan
sebagai pelengkap maka tidak akan bisa berkembang.
Kersama yang lebih besar antara transportasi udara dengan
transportasi antarmoda dapat memberikan pilihan untuk
mengatasi kemacetan baik di darat maupun diudara.

45. Kepentingan Umum Harus(nya) diatas Kepentingan Pribadi

46. THANK YOU | TERIMA KASIH