2. Statistics
Affects 23.6 million people in the
U.S.
- Diagnosed: 17.9 million people
- Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people
7th leading cause of death in the
U.S
(2006)
3. What is Diabetes?
A chronic disease in which the body
can not properly use or make
insulin.
Insulin- a hormone made in the
pancrease that turns sugar
(glucose) into energy for the body to
use
4. What happens without insulin?
Lack of insulin
⇓
Build up of glucose in the
blood (hyperglycemia)
⇓
Symptoms of Diabetes
Mellitus
5. Symptoms
Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Extreme hunger
- Cells are starved for energy
Unexplained weight loss
- Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat
Fatigue
Delayed wound healing
6. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Juvenile diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Autoimmune disorder
The body destroys the cells that
make the insulin
Thus, the body can no longer
produce insulin
7. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Usually diagnosed in children &
young adults ( <30 years old)
5-10% of diabetics
8. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
RISK factors:
- Genetics
- Autoimmune history
Type I is not preventable
9. Type I Treatment
Glucose monitoring often
Insulin injections
Exercise
Diet
Follow up with doctor
Educate yourself!
10. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Non-insulin dependent diabetes
mellitus
Body makes insulin but most cells
do not use insulin properly
Insulin resistance
Slowly, the pancreas stops making
insulin.
11. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
90-95 % of diabetics
RISK factors
- Older age
- Family history
- Obesity
- Physical Inactivity
- Race and Ethnicity
12. Type II Risk Factors
Obesity & Inactivity
- Studies find a relationship between
weight/activity level and Type II
- Seeing an increase in Type II
diabetes in children
13. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Race & Ethnicity
- African Americans
- Hispanic/Latino Americans
- American Indians
- Asian Americans
- Pacific Islanders
14. Type II Prevention
If have risk factors, prevent or delay
the onset of Type II…
- Healthy diet
- Moderately intense exercise
(walking 2 1/2 hours each week)
15. Type II Treatment
Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose)
- Glucose monitoring often
- Oral medicine / Insulin injections
- Diet
- Exercise / Weight management
- Follow up with doctor
- Educate yourself!
16. Diet - Carb Counting
Carbohydrates raise blood glucose
levels
Keep track of how many carbs you
eat and set a limit for yourself
Limit depends on your activity level
and medications
Talk to your doctor!
17. Diet - Create your plate
Divide plate into 3 sections
- Large section - non-starch veggies
(spinach, cabbage, mushrooms)
- Small section - starch
(potatoes, whole grain breads)
- Small section - meat
(turkey, tuna, lean pork)
18. Diet - Individualized
No one diet is appropriate for every
diabetic person
Work with your doctor to come up
with a diet that is right for your
situation
19. Complications of Diabetes
Heart disease
Blindness
Kidney damage
Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage
Prevent complications by managing
your glucose level, diet, and
activity!
20. Diabetes Awareness
November is American Diabetes
Month
November 14 is World Diabetes Day
For more information:
www.cdc.gov
www.diabetes.org
www.ndep.nih.gov