A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant ship specially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, ore, and cement in its cargo holds. Today's bulkers are specially designed to maximize capacity, safety, efficiency, and durability. Today, bulkers make up 15% - 17% of the world's merchant fleets and range in size from single-hold mini-bulkers to mammoth ore ships able to carry 400,000 metric tons of deadweight (DWT).

1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
VESSELS IN WORLD
MERCHANT FLEET

2. OVERVIEW
DRY BULK CARRIERS
CONTAINER SHIPS
TANKERS
FERRIES & CRUISE SHIPS
SPECIALIST SHIPS

3. DRY BULK
CARRIERS

4. DRY BULK CARRIERS
A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant ship
specially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as
grains, coal, ore, and cement in its cargo holds.
Today's bulkers are specially designed to maximize capacity,
safety, efficiency, and durability.
Today, bulkers make up 15% - 17% of the world's merchant
fleets and range in size from single-hold mini-bulkers to
mammoth ore ships able to carry 400,000 metric tons of
deadweight (DWT).

5. DRY BULK CARRIERS
A number of specialized designs exist: some can unload their
own cargo, some depend on port facilities for unloading, and
some even package the cargo as it is loaded.
Over half of all bulkers have Greek, Japanese, or Chinese
owners and more than a quarter are registered in Panama.
South Korea is the largest single builder of bulkers, and 82%
of these ships were built in Asia.

6. CONTAINER SHIPS

7. CONTAINER SHIPS
Container ships (sometimes spelled containerships) are cargo
ships that carry all of their load in truck-size intermodal
containers, in a technique called containerization. They are a
common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and
now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.
Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent
units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot and 40-foot (2-
TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.
Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported
by container, and modern container ships can carry over
19,000 TEU (e.g., MSC Zoe). Container ships now rival crude
oil tankers and bulk carriers as the largest commercial vessels
on the ocean.

8. CONTAINER PORTS
Container traffic through a port is often tracked in terms of
twenty foot equivalent units or TEU of throughput.
As of 2009, the Port of Singapore was the world's busiest
container port, with 25,866,000 TEU handled.
That year, six of the busiest ten container ports were in the
People's Republic of China, with Shanghai in 2nd place, Port
of Hong Kong in 3rd, Shenzhen 4th, Guangzhou 6th, Ningbo
8th, and Qingdao 9th. Rounding out the top ten ports were
Busan in South Korea at number 5, Dubai in the United Arab
Emirates at number 7, and Rotterdam in the Netherlands in the
10th position with 9,743,290 TEU served.
In total, the busiest twenty container ports handled
220,905,805 TEU in 2009, almost half of the world's total
estimated container traffic that year of 465,597,537 TEU.

9. TANKER SHIPS

10. TANKERS
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a merchant vessel
designed to transport liquids or gases in bulk. Major types
of tankship include the oil tanker, the chemical tanker,
and gas carrier. In the United States Navy and Military
Sealift Command, any type of tanker used to refuel other
ships is called an oiler.

11. OIL TANKERS

12. OIL TANKERS
An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship
designed for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil
tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker.
Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its
point of extraction to refineries.
Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move
refined products from refineries to points near consuming markets.
Oil tankers are often classified by their size as well as their
occupation.
The size classes range from inland or coastal tankers of a few
thousand metric tons of deadweight (DWT) to the mammoth ultra
large crude carriers (ULCCs) of 550,000 DWT.
Tankers move approximately 2,000,000,000 metric tons (2.2×109
short tons) of oil every year.

13. OIL TANKERS
Second only to pipelines in terms of efficiency, the average
cost of oil transport by tanker amounts to only two or three
United States cents per 1 US gallon (3.8 L).
Some specialized types of oil tankers have evolved. One of
these is the naval replenishment oiler, a tanker which can fuel a
moving vessel.
Combination ore-bulk-oil carriers and permanently moored
floating storage units are two other variations on the standard
oil tanker design.
Oil tankers have been involved in a number of damaging and
high-profile oil spills. As a result, they are subject to stringent
design and operational regulations.

14. CHEMICAL TANKERS

15. CHEMICAL TANKERS
A chemical tanker is a type of tanker ship designed to transport
chemicals in bulk.
As defined in MARPOL Annex I, chemical tanker means a
ship constructed or adapted for carrying in bulk any liquid
product listed in chapter 17 of the International Bulk Chemical
Code.
As well as industrial chemicals and clean petroleum products,
such ships also often carry other types of sensitive cargo which
require a high standard of tank cleaning, such as palm oil,
vegetable oils, tallow, caustic soda, and methanol.

16. CHEMICAL TANKERS
Oceangoing chemical tankers range from 5,000 tonnes
deadweight (DWT) to 35,000 DWT in size, which is smaller
than the average size of other tanker types due to the
specialized nature of their cargo and the size restrictions of the
port terminals where they call to load and discharge.
Chemical tankers normally have a series of separate cargo
tanks which are either coated with specialized coatings such as
phenolic epoxy or zinc paint, or made from stainless steel.

17. GAS CARRIERS

18. GAS CARRIERS
A gas carrier (or gas tanker) is a ship designed to
transport LPG, LNG or liquefied chemical gases in bulk.

19. TYPES OF GAS CARRIERS
Fully pressurized gas carrier
The ships, basically oil tankers, had been converted by fitting
small, riveted, pressure vessels for the carriage of LPG into
cargo tank spaces. This enabled transport over long distances
of substantial volumes of an oil refinery by-product that had
distinct advantages as a domestic and commercial fuel.Today,
most fully pressurised oceangoing LPG carriers are fitted with
two or three horizontal, cylindrical or spherical cargo tanks and
have typical capacities between 3,500 and 7,500 m3(120,000
and 260,000 cu ft). However, in recent years a number of
larger-capacity fully pressurised ships have been built, most
notably a series of 10,800 m3 (380,000 cu ft) ships, built in
Japan between 2003 and 2013. Fully pressurised ships are still
being built in numbers and represent a cost-effective, simple
way of moving LPG to and from smaller gas terminals.

20. TYPES OF GAS CARRIERS
Semi-pressurised ships
These ships carried gases in a semi-pressurized/semi-
refrigerated state however due to further development
semi-pressurised/fully refrigerated gas carriers had
become the shipowners' choice by providing high
flexibility in cargo handling. These carriers, incorporating
tanks either cylindrical, spherical or bi-lobe in shape, are
able to load or discharge gas cargoes at both refrigerated
and pressurised storage facilities.

21. TYPES OF GAS CARRIERS
Ethylene and gas/chemical carriers
Ethylene carriers are the most sophisticated of the gas
tankers and have the ability to carry not only most other
liquefied gas cargoes but also ethylene at its atmospheric
boiling point of −104 °C (−155 °F). These ships feature
cylindrical, insulated, stainless steel cargo tanks able to
accommodate cargoes up to a maximum specific gravity
of 1.8 at temperatures ranging from a minimum of −104
°C to a maximum of +80 °C (176 °F) and at a maximum
tank pressure of 4 bar.

22. TYPES OF GAS CARRIERS
Liquefied natural gas (LNG carrier)
The majority of LNG carriers are between 125,000 and
135,000 m3 (4,400,000 and 4,800,000 cu ft) in capacity.
In the modern fleet of LNG carriers, there is an
interesting exception concerning ship size. This is the
introduction of several smaller ships of between 18,000
and 19,000 m3 (640,000 and 670,000 cu ft) having been
built in 1994 and later to service the needs of importers of
smaller volumes.

23. CARGOS CARRIED
ON GAS CARRIERS
1.Butadiene
2.Ethylene
3.LPG
4.LNG
5.Propylene
6.Chemical gases such as ammonia, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide,
propylene oxide and chlorine.

24. FERRIES & CRUISE
SHIPS

25. FERRIES & CRUISE SHIPS
Ferries usually perform short journeys for a mix of passengers, cars
and commercial vehicles. Most of these ships are Ro-Ro (roll on -
roll off) ferries, where vehicles can drive straight on and off, making
it a speedy and easily accessible way to travel. Demand for cruise
ships expanded rapidly during the 1980s, leading to a new generation
of large and luxurious 'floating hotels'.
A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure
voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are a part of
the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way.
Transportation is not the prime purpose, as cruise ships operate
mostly on routes that return passengers to their originating port, so
the ports of call are usually in a specified region of a continent. There
are even "cruises to nowhere" or "nowhere voyages" where the ship
makes 2–3 night round trips without any ports of call.

26. SPECIALIST SHIPS

27. SPECIALIST SHIPS
Specialist ships are ships which are designed for special
purposes such as anchor handling and supply vessels for
the offshore oil industry, salvage tugs, ice breakers and
research vessels.