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Chapter 15
          Section 504
             ADA



           Presentation Created By:
 Candy Dunn, Director of Special Education IU1
                     and
Megan Marie Van Fossan, McGuffey School District
Why Are We Here?
• To provide an overview of Chapter 15 - Section
  504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the
  revisions effective 2009.

• To provide an update regarding changes in the
  ADA and Section 504 Rehabilitation Act.

• To compare IDEA requirements with Section 504.

• To provide an overview of process, procedures,
  forms, parents rights and discipline.
A Guiding Quotation

“Some kids need special education…
  Others need something special in
          their education.”
                  Education Week, June, 1998
3 Phases of Section 504
• Phase 1: Awareness      • 1970’s disability
                            movement

• Phase 2: Constriction   • Court cases:
                            – Sutton 1999
                            – Toyota 2002
• Phase 3: Expansion      • January 1, 2009 -
                            ADAAA
Section 504 - Phase 1
            AWARENESS
• 1973

• 1977 - regulations
  needed to enforce
  Section 504 were
  signed
  – Accessible buildings
  – Curb cuts

• Very little impact on
  schools
Section 504 - Phase 1
             AWARENESS

•Section 504 is a part of a piece of federal
legislation—the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
•Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability
in any program that receives federal funding.
•.Requires a school district to provide FAPE to
each qualified student, regardless of the
disability.
•Designed to “Level the playing field” to ensure
full participation by individuals with disabilities.
Section 504 - Phase 2
         CONSTRICTION
              • Sutton v. United Airlines (1999)
                 – Mitigating factors
                   considered when evaluating if
                   a person has a “substantial
                   limitation”
IDEA
              • Toyota v. Williams ( 2002)
                 – Severely restricted an
                   individual from engaging
                   activities of central importance
                   & impairment was
                   permanent or long term
Section 504 - Phase 3
    EXPANSION
           • ADA Amendments Act
              – Effective 1/1/09
           • In rejecting a series of
             U.S. Supreme Court
             decisions, the new law
             is intended to reinstate
             the broad scope of
             protection for
             individuals with
             disabilities.
Section 504 - Phase 3
    EXPANSION
          • Section 504, unlike the
            IDEA, “requires a
            comparison between
            the treatment of
            disabled and
            nondisabled children,
            rather than simply
            requiring a certain level
            of services for each
            disabled child.”
Section 504 - Phase 3
               EXPANSION
• Broadens the definition and coverage of
  “disability” under ADA and the
  Rehabilitation Act.

• Ensures that individuals who compensate
  for their disabilities are protected from
  discrimination.

• Clarifies that “substantially limits” does not
  mean “significantly restricts.”
EXPANSION
          ADA Amendments Act
• Impairment that is episodic or in remission
  is a disability if it would substantially limit
  a major life activity when active.

• Examples include: epilepsy, asthma,
  diabetes, cancer, major depression, and
  bipolar disorder
ADA Amendments Act
• Requires disability determinations to be
  made without considering mitigating
  measures
  – e.g., medication, medical supplies,
    appliances, low-vision devices,
    prosthetics, hearing aids and mobility
    devices.
  – Excludes ordinary eye glasses and contact
    lenses
Section 504: Disability Defined
                                                                                           Record of                   Regarded
        Physical or Mental Impairment**                      Major Life Activities**
                                                                                          Impairment**               Impairment**
Physiological disorder,         Mental or                Major life activities         The individual has:       The individual has:
contagious disease,             psychological            include:
cosmetic disfigurement or       disorder including:                                    • A history of            • An impairment not
anatomical loss in one or                                •    Self-care                  impairment                limiting a major life
more system:                   • Mental retardation      •    Manual tasks                                         activity, but treated
                               • Organic brain                                                                     as disabled by the
•   Neurological                                         •    Walking                  • A record of having
                                 syndrome                                                                          covered entity
•   Musculoskeletal                                      •    Seeing                     been misclassified
•   Respiratory                • Emotional or                                            as having an
                                                         •    Hearing
•   Cardiovascular               mental illness                                          impairment              • No impairment, but
                                                         •    Speaking                                             treated as disabled
•   Reproductive               • Specific learning
•   Digestive                    disabilities            •    Breathing                                            by the covered entity
•   Bowel *                                              •    Sitting
•   Genito-urinary                                       •    Standing ***
•   Hemic                                                •    Reaching
•   Lymphatic
                                                         •    Thinking ***
•   Skin
•   Endocrine                                            •    Concentrating ***
•   Immune System ***                                    •    Reading ***
•   Normal Cell Growth ***                               •    Communicating ***
•   Bladder ***                                          •    Interacting with
•   Reproductive                                              others
    Functions ***
                                                         •    Learning
                                                         •    Working
• Substance Abuse
                                                         •    Eating ***
(recovering alcoholic or
addict*                                                  •    Sleeping ***
                                                         •    Lifting ***
                                                         •    Bending ***

                       * Does not include current, illegal drug abusers.   ** (34 Code of Fed Reg. Part 104.3)
                      *** Added in new amendments by Congress effective January 1, 2009. Non-exhaustive list.
Concentrating
Thinking
Learning
Reading
Section 504 vs. IDEA
      504 Eligibility                IDEA Eligibility
• Has a physical or mental    • Meets one or more
  impairment                    definitions of IDEA
                                disability categories
• Impairment substantially    • Disability adversely
  limits one or more major      affects the student
  life activities               educational performance

• Requires services to meet   • Requires special
  educational needs as          education and related
  adequately as needs of        services (specially
  non-disabled students         designed instruction)
Section 504 vs. IDEA
•   Establish a “level playing field”;   •   Remedial – often requiring the
    eliminate barriers that exclude          provision of programs & services
    persons with disabilities.               in addition to those available to
                                             persons without disabilities.

•   Precludes hurdles to                 •   Students sometimes granted
    participation                            “more” services than children
                                             without disabilities.


                                         •   Additional funding
•   No funding

•   The definition of a disability is
    much broader than the definition
    under IDEA.
504 and ADA are Civil Rights Acts
• Guarantee non discrimination
  for “unalterable
  characteristics”
• Guarantee “equal access”
• Section 504 is enforced by the
  U. S. Department of Office for
  Civil Rights
• Violation of Section 504 may
  also result in civil liability
But What About Special Ed?
• 504 is simpler, less time-consuming

• 504 generally provides supports and
  accommodations vs. services or
  modifications

• Keeps some kids out of Special Education
Aren’t These Kids All on IEPs?
• Not necessarily
• For an IEP, the student needs to have the
  disability and also require specially designed
  instruction
• IEPs are limited to 13 specific handicapping
  conditions, 504 is much broader
Non-Disabled


    § 504


    IDEA
Child Find Triggers
• Parent requests an evaluation or 504 plan
• Suspension or expulsion is being
  considered
• Academic performance is lower than
  expected
• Student is evaluated and is not IDEA
  eligible
• Student exhibits a chronic medical
  problem
More Triggers
• Student transfer to SD with a §504 plan
  from another district
• Student is chronically absent due to
  medical/health issues
• Student receives medication during the
  school day
• Student formerly found not eligible
  due to mitigating measures
Annual Notice
• On or before the first day of the school year, the
  district must inform parents of enrolled students
  that the district:
   – does not discriminate against protected handicapped
     students and
   – the district’s responsibilities under Chapter 15
• Notice may be included in a document
  reasonably expected to reach the parents of
  students enrolled in the district (e.g. school
  calendar or brochure)
How is a Referral Made?
• Parent request in writing for a 504/Chapter 15
  evaluation
• School Staff are concerned about the presence of
  a disability or suspected disability
• Site administrator for 504 should proceed with a
  Written Notice explaining why either the parent
  or the district is seeking a 504/Chapter 15
  evaluation and include a copy of the Procedural
  Safeguards
The Steps
1. Student evaluated
2. Team meets
3. Eligibility Determined
4. (If eligible) Service Agreement written
5. Agreement implemented and monitored
6. Manifestation Determination (Suggests to
   follow Chapter 14)
7. Reevaluation if substantial changes
Evaluation
•   Presence of the Disability
•   Impact of disability on school-related
    activity
•   Level of impact
•   Section 504 only requires that the
    evaluation be conducted in suspected
    areas of need.
Evaluation
• “Evaluation” does not necessarily mean “test.” In
  the §504 context, “evaluation” refers to a
  gathering of data or information from a variety of
  sources so that the committee can make the
  required determinations.
• The evaluation process should also consider
  various other factors, such as teacher
  recommendations, physical condition, social and
  cultural background, behavior and any
  independent evaluations.
Dr. Perry Zirkel, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA




                                       Extreme
              Student exhibits little or no success in all subject areas
Extreme       and may need altered curriculum and different standards
              for instruction and assessment
                                      Substantial

Substantial   Student experiences great difficulty in several subjects
              and needs extensive support from teachers and parents.
              Student performs below expectations of typical peers.
                                      Moderate

Moderate      Student has fair amount of difficulty with a number of
              subject areas however with effective instruction student
              performs commensurate with typical peers
                                          Mild
              Student performance varies from one subject areas to
Mild
              the next, but still is within expectations for a typical
              student
                                      Negligible
              Student demonstrates signs of minimal difficulty with
Negligible    specific topics in one or tow subject areas or may benefit
              from slight accommodations
Impact of Disability
• Without effect of mitigating measures such
  as medication, prosthetics, hearing aids,
  mobility devices, assistive technology,
  learned behavioral modifications
• Does not include eyeglasses or contact
  lenses
• For episodic or in remission, consider
  effects when active
• Compare to average student
Short-term Disability &
             Exclusions
• Short term disabilities (such as broken limbs) are
  usually not considered if less than six months in
  nature – unless substantial impact

• Determination must be made on a case-by-case
  basis, taking into consideration the severity and
  the duration of the impairment, typically 6
  months

• Exclusions: Illegal drugs, gambling, addiction
What questions can the Section 504
      team members ask?
1. What is the nature and severity of the impairment?
2. What is the duration or expected duration of the impairment?
3. Does the student consistently need substantial changes to
   complete assignments?
4. Does the student consistently exhibit difficulties with planning and
   organization?
5. Has the student shown a consistent downward slope in academic
   progress?
6. Has the student shown a consistent pattern of negative behaviors?
7. Does the student need assistance to participate fully in any portion
   of the school day, including those where academics are not at
   issue?
How is the presence of the disability
           determined?
• If parents have a diagnosis/medical, district can
  review it and accept it (unless they want to refute
  it) - need parental consent
• Parent/family member interviews
• Review of school records
• School observations
• Teacher interviews
• Social/emotional checklists
• Academic assessments
• Formal tools not required
Disability Determination
• Physician or psychologist opinion as to student’s
  eligibility status is only one source of information
  the team should consider. Remember, the team is
  making an educational decision, not a medical
  decision.



• Students eligible under IDEA are not entitled to a
  separate Section 504 plan.
Timeline for Evaluation
• There is no timeline - the law refers to
  “reasonable”
Definition of School Days
• Chapter 15 defines school days as the days
  of the school district’s academic year PLUS
  the 14 calendar days before the beginning
  of the academic year and the 14 calendar
  days following the completion of the
  academic year
Team Meets
• Must include at least one or both of the parents
  and the school administrator/representative of
  the school district
• If determining eligibility, must be people who:
  – Know the student
  – Know evaluation data
  – Know accommodations/supports options
• The team ensure that the plan effectively removes
  the barriers created by a student’s disability.
Evaluation Report
• Written by the team
• The information obtained from all sources
  must be documented and all significant
  factors related to the student's learning
  process must be considered.
• Carefully considered by the team to
  determine eligibility
Service Agreement Developed
• Consider area in which there is impact
• “Allows student to participate in and
  benefit from public education programs
  and activities”
• Physical, instructional, social/emotional/
  behavioral accommodations
Service Agreement
•   No required elements like an IEP
•   Goals not required
•   Must include a plan for periodic review
•   Should appoint a “Contact Person” to
    monitor the plan and communicate with
    family
Service Agreement
• Includes specific related aids, services or
  accommodations

• Specify the date the services will begin, the
  date services will be discontinued & when
  appropriate: the procedures to be followed
  in the event of a medical emergency
Service Agreement
• Identify student’s disability, major life activity
  impacted, and educational impact of disability

• Design a program to suit student needs

• Be sure accommodations are succinct and
  realistic

• Review each Section 504 Plan at least on an
  annual basis or upon any significant change in
  placement
Accommodations
• While curricular modifications may be available
  to special education students (i.e., reduced
  mastery of the grade level curriculum), there is no
  modification of the curriculum itself for §504
  students. 504 is not about reducing expectations
  for disabled students, but providing the types of
  accommodations that will compensate for their
  disabilities so that §504 students have an equal
  chance to compete in class.
Placement / LRE
• In the §504 context, “placement” simply
  means the regular education classroom
  with individually planned
  accommodations.

• It does not literally mean taking the child
  out of the regular classroom and putting
  him someplace else.
More About Service Agreements
• May have to pay for extra services - aide support,
  therapy, etc.

• May have to make environmental changes

• Provide access to extracurricular activities

• May not exclude from enrollment in challenging
  academic programs.
Service Agreement Implemented
           and Monitored
• Site administrator should ensure that all people
  involved with the student have a copy

• Communicate with Contact Person on a periodic
  basis about implementation and progress

• Failure to implement a 504 plan can have serious
  legal consequences - people can be held
  personally liable
Review
• No required frequency of review, but it must be
  “periodic”

• The plan should specify how often and by whom
  it will be reviewed

• Make sure required reviews occur

• Annual review is recommended
Special Steps for Discipline
• Same protections for suspension and expulsion as
  Special Education students (including pattern)
• 45 days IAEP for weapons, illegal drugs or serious
  bodily injury
• Manifestation Determination within 10 days of
  decision
• If student is currently using illegal drugs or
  alcohol, he/she loses his/her right to
  Manifestation Determination
Re-evaluation
• The student should be re-evaluated if major
  changes to the plan are being considered

• A Student must be reevaluated prior to a
  significant change in placement which includes
  exclusion from the educational program of more
  than 10 school days, transfer to another program
  or termination or significantly reducing a related
  service.
Disagreement with Parents
• Parents should be given their rights at the
  beginning (Procedural Safeguards)
• If parents disagree with what district is proposing
  regarding assessment, eligibility, or plan, use the
  Prior Written Notice form
• Approval not needed for change of placement
• Parents can appeal to the Office of Civil Rights
• No “stay put” as in IDEA
§504 Teams Gone Wild
 “Johnny will participate on the varsity
  basketball team”
 “Susie will be in the school choir”
• The sport or activity doesn’t belong in the
  plan, only the supports needed for them to
  participate
• Students must be “otherwise qualified” as
  judged by the same criteria as other
  students
Consideration for Special Education
• If a 504 student is requiring intensive
  services, therapies, or even alternate
  placement, consider eligibility for Special
  Education.
Key Points
• Common regular education interventions such as RtII may
  eliminate existence of a “substantial limitation”


• Standard is to compare student to an “average student”.
  This means you compare student against chronological
  peers in the entire state or country. Different standard of
  FAPE than IDEA.


• Do not consider mitigating factors when determining
  whether an impairment is substantially limiting
Follow-Up Steps
• Following the meeting:
  – Copies of documentation from the meeting should be
    placed in the student’s permanent folder
  – If the student was found eligible, a Section 504 notice
    should be placed on the student’s permanent folder.
  – All staff serving the student should be notified of the
    student’s eligibility and their roles in providing
    accommodations. These staff should receive a copy of
    the accommodation plan.
  – It is best practice that the plan be reviewed on an
    annual basis, or more often if needed, and modified as
    needed.
Section 504 Policies &
            Procedures
• School districts need to revise Section 504
  policy, procedures, and forms to conform
  with the new changes to Section 504.
  – Given the new changes under the 2008 Amendments,
    it is critical that school districts adopt clear and
    concise Section 504 policies, procedures, and forms
    that comply with the new definitions of major life
    activity and substantial limitation.

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Iu 504 presentation

  • 1. Chapter 15 Section 504 ADA Presentation Created By: Candy Dunn, Director of Special Education IU1 and Megan Marie Van Fossan, McGuffey School District
  • 2. Why Are We Here? • To provide an overview of Chapter 15 - Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the revisions effective 2009. • To provide an update regarding changes in the ADA and Section 504 Rehabilitation Act. • To compare IDEA requirements with Section 504. • To provide an overview of process, procedures, forms, parents rights and discipline.
  • 3. A Guiding Quotation “Some kids need special education… Others need something special in their education.” Education Week, June, 1998
  • 4. 3 Phases of Section 504 • Phase 1: Awareness • 1970’s disability movement • Phase 2: Constriction • Court cases: – Sutton 1999 – Toyota 2002 • Phase 3: Expansion • January 1, 2009 - ADAAA
  • 5. Section 504 - Phase 1 AWARENESS • 1973 • 1977 - regulations needed to enforce Section 504 were signed – Accessible buildings – Curb cuts • Very little impact on schools
  • 6. Section 504 - Phase 1 AWARENESS •Section 504 is a part of a piece of federal legislation—the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. •Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in any program that receives federal funding. •.Requires a school district to provide FAPE to each qualified student, regardless of the disability. •Designed to “Level the playing field” to ensure full participation by individuals with disabilities.
  • 7. Section 504 - Phase 2 CONSTRICTION • Sutton v. United Airlines (1999) – Mitigating factors considered when evaluating if a person has a “substantial limitation” IDEA • Toyota v. Williams ( 2002) – Severely restricted an individual from engaging activities of central importance & impairment was permanent or long term
  • 8. Section 504 - Phase 3 EXPANSION • ADA Amendments Act – Effective 1/1/09 • In rejecting a series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions, the new law is intended to reinstate the broad scope of protection for individuals with disabilities.
  • 9. Section 504 - Phase 3 EXPANSION • Section 504, unlike the IDEA, “requires a comparison between the treatment of disabled and nondisabled children, rather than simply requiring a certain level of services for each disabled child.”
  • 10. Section 504 - Phase 3 EXPANSION • Broadens the definition and coverage of “disability” under ADA and the Rehabilitation Act. • Ensures that individuals who compensate for their disabilities are protected from discrimination. • Clarifies that “substantially limits” does not mean “significantly restricts.”
  • 11. EXPANSION ADA Amendments Act • Impairment that is episodic or in remission is a disability if it would substantially limit a major life activity when active. • Examples include: epilepsy, asthma, diabetes, cancer, major depression, and bipolar disorder
  • 12. ADA Amendments Act • Requires disability determinations to be made without considering mitigating measures – e.g., medication, medical supplies, appliances, low-vision devices, prosthetics, hearing aids and mobility devices. – Excludes ordinary eye glasses and contact lenses
  • 13. Section 504: Disability Defined Record of Regarded Physical or Mental Impairment** Major Life Activities** Impairment** Impairment** Physiological disorder, Mental or Major life activities The individual has: The individual has: contagious disease, psychological include: cosmetic disfigurement or disorder including: • A history of • An impairment not anatomical loss in one or • Self-care impairment limiting a major life more system: • Mental retardation • Manual tasks activity, but treated • Organic brain as disabled by the • Neurological • Walking • A record of having syndrome covered entity • Musculoskeletal • Seeing been misclassified • Respiratory • Emotional or as having an • Hearing • Cardiovascular mental illness impairment • No impairment, but • Speaking treated as disabled • Reproductive • Specific learning • Digestive disabilities • Breathing by the covered entity • Bowel * • Sitting • Genito-urinary • Standing *** • Hemic • Reaching • Lymphatic • Thinking *** • Skin • Endocrine • Concentrating *** • Immune System *** • Reading *** • Normal Cell Growth *** • Communicating *** • Bladder *** • Interacting with • Reproductive others Functions *** • Learning • Working • Substance Abuse • Eating *** (recovering alcoholic or addict* • Sleeping *** • Lifting *** • Bending *** * Does not include current, illegal drug abusers. ** (34 Code of Fed Reg. Part 104.3) *** Added in new amendments by Congress effective January 1, 2009. Non-exhaustive list.
  • 15. Section 504 vs. IDEA 504 Eligibility IDEA Eligibility • Has a physical or mental • Meets one or more impairment definitions of IDEA disability categories • Impairment substantially • Disability adversely limits one or more major affects the student life activities educational performance • Requires services to meet • Requires special educational needs as education and related adequately as needs of services (specially non-disabled students designed instruction)
  • 16. Section 504 vs. IDEA • Establish a “level playing field”; • Remedial – often requiring the eliminate barriers that exclude provision of programs & services persons with disabilities. in addition to those available to persons without disabilities. • Precludes hurdles to • Students sometimes granted participation “more” services than children without disabilities. • Additional funding • No funding • The definition of a disability is much broader than the definition under IDEA.
  • 17. 504 and ADA are Civil Rights Acts • Guarantee non discrimination for “unalterable characteristics” • Guarantee “equal access” • Section 504 is enforced by the U. S. Department of Office for Civil Rights • Violation of Section 504 may also result in civil liability
  • 18. But What About Special Ed? • 504 is simpler, less time-consuming • 504 generally provides supports and accommodations vs. services or modifications • Keeps some kids out of Special Education
  • 19. Aren’t These Kids All on IEPs? • Not necessarily • For an IEP, the student needs to have the disability and also require specially designed instruction • IEPs are limited to 13 specific handicapping conditions, 504 is much broader
  • 20. Non-Disabled § 504 IDEA
  • 21. Child Find Triggers • Parent requests an evaluation or 504 plan • Suspension or expulsion is being considered • Academic performance is lower than expected • Student is evaluated and is not IDEA eligible • Student exhibits a chronic medical problem
  • 22. More Triggers • Student transfer to SD with a §504 plan from another district • Student is chronically absent due to medical/health issues • Student receives medication during the school day • Student formerly found not eligible due to mitigating measures
  • 23. Annual Notice • On or before the first day of the school year, the district must inform parents of enrolled students that the district: – does not discriminate against protected handicapped students and – the district’s responsibilities under Chapter 15 • Notice may be included in a document reasonably expected to reach the parents of students enrolled in the district (e.g. school calendar or brochure)
  • 24. How is a Referral Made? • Parent request in writing for a 504/Chapter 15 evaluation • School Staff are concerned about the presence of a disability or suspected disability • Site administrator for 504 should proceed with a Written Notice explaining why either the parent or the district is seeking a 504/Chapter 15 evaluation and include a copy of the Procedural Safeguards
  • 25. The Steps 1. Student evaluated 2. Team meets 3. Eligibility Determined 4. (If eligible) Service Agreement written 5. Agreement implemented and monitored 6. Manifestation Determination (Suggests to follow Chapter 14) 7. Reevaluation if substantial changes
  • 26. Evaluation • Presence of the Disability • Impact of disability on school-related activity • Level of impact • Section 504 only requires that the evaluation be conducted in suspected areas of need.
  • 27. Evaluation • “Evaluation” does not necessarily mean “test.” In the §504 context, “evaluation” refers to a gathering of data or information from a variety of sources so that the committee can make the required determinations. • The evaluation process should also consider various other factors, such as teacher recommendations, physical condition, social and cultural background, behavior and any independent evaluations.
  • 28. Dr. Perry Zirkel, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA Extreme Student exhibits little or no success in all subject areas Extreme and may need altered curriculum and different standards for instruction and assessment Substantial Substantial Student experiences great difficulty in several subjects and needs extensive support from teachers and parents. Student performs below expectations of typical peers. Moderate Moderate Student has fair amount of difficulty with a number of subject areas however with effective instruction student performs commensurate with typical peers Mild Student performance varies from one subject areas to Mild the next, but still is within expectations for a typical student Negligible Student demonstrates signs of minimal difficulty with Negligible specific topics in one or tow subject areas or may benefit from slight accommodations
  • 29. Impact of Disability • Without effect of mitigating measures such as medication, prosthetics, hearing aids, mobility devices, assistive technology, learned behavioral modifications • Does not include eyeglasses or contact lenses • For episodic or in remission, consider effects when active • Compare to average student
  • 30. Short-term Disability & Exclusions • Short term disabilities (such as broken limbs) are usually not considered if less than six months in nature – unless substantial impact • Determination must be made on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the severity and the duration of the impairment, typically 6 months • Exclusions: Illegal drugs, gambling, addiction
  • 31. What questions can the Section 504 team members ask? 1. What is the nature and severity of the impairment? 2. What is the duration or expected duration of the impairment? 3. Does the student consistently need substantial changes to complete assignments? 4. Does the student consistently exhibit difficulties with planning and organization? 5. Has the student shown a consistent downward slope in academic progress? 6. Has the student shown a consistent pattern of negative behaviors? 7. Does the student need assistance to participate fully in any portion of the school day, including those where academics are not at issue?
  • 32. How is the presence of the disability determined? • If parents have a diagnosis/medical, district can review it and accept it (unless they want to refute it) - need parental consent • Parent/family member interviews • Review of school records • School observations • Teacher interviews • Social/emotional checklists • Academic assessments • Formal tools not required
  • 33. Disability Determination • Physician or psychologist opinion as to student’s eligibility status is only one source of information the team should consider. Remember, the team is making an educational decision, not a medical decision. • Students eligible under IDEA are not entitled to a separate Section 504 plan.
  • 34. Timeline for Evaluation • There is no timeline - the law refers to “reasonable”
  • 35. Definition of School Days • Chapter 15 defines school days as the days of the school district’s academic year PLUS the 14 calendar days before the beginning of the academic year and the 14 calendar days following the completion of the academic year
  • 36. Team Meets • Must include at least one or both of the parents and the school administrator/representative of the school district • If determining eligibility, must be people who: – Know the student – Know evaluation data – Know accommodations/supports options • The team ensure that the plan effectively removes the barriers created by a student’s disability.
  • 37. Evaluation Report • Written by the team • The information obtained from all sources must be documented and all significant factors related to the student's learning process must be considered. • Carefully considered by the team to determine eligibility
  • 38. Service Agreement Developed • Consider area in which there is impact • “Allows student to participate in and benefit from public education programs and activities” • Physical, instructional, social/emotional/ behavioral accommodations
  • 39. Service Agreement • No required elements like an IEP • Goals not required • Must include a plan for periodic review • Should appoint a “Contact Person” to monitor the plan and communicate with family
  • 40. Service Agreement • Includes specific related aids, services or accommodations • Specify the date the services will begin, the date services will be discontinued & when appropriate: the procedures to be followed in the event of a medical emergency
  • 41. Service Agreement • Identify student’s disability, major life activity impacted, and educational impact of disability • Design a program to suit student needs • Be sure accommodations are succinct and realistic • Review each Section 504 Plan at least on an annual basis or upon any significant change in placement
  • 42. Accommodations • While curricular modifications may be available to special education students (i.e., reduced mastery of the grade level curriculum), there is no modification of the curriculum itself for §504 students. 504 is not about reducing expectations for disabled students, but providing the types of accommodations that will compensate for their disabilities so that §504 students have an equal chance to compete in class.
  • 43. Placement / LRE • In the §504 context, “placement” simply means the regular education classroom with individually planned accommodations. • It does not literally mean taking the child out of the regular classroom and putting him someplace else.
  • 44. More About Service Agreements • May have to pay for extra services - aide support, therapy, etc. • May have to make environmental changes • Provide access to extracurricular activities • May not exclude from enrollment in challenging academic programs.
  • 45. Service Agreement Implemented and Monitored • Site administrator should ensure that all people involved with the student have a copy • Communicate with Contact Person on a periodic basis about implementation and progress • Failure to implement a 504 plan can have serious legal consequences - people can be held personally liable
  • 46. Review • No required frequency of review, but it must be “periodic” • The plan should specify how often and by whom it will be reviewed • Make sure required reviews occur • Annual review is recommended
  • 47. Special Steps for Discipline • Same protections for suspension and expulsion as Special Education students (including pattern) • 45 days IAEP for weapons, illegal drugs or serious bodily injury • Manifestation Determination within 10 days of decision • If student is currently using illegal drugs or alcohol, he/she loses his/her right to Manifestation Determination
  • 48. Re-evaluation • The student should be re-evaluated if major changes to the plan are being considered • A Student must be reevaluated prior to a significant change in placement which includes exclusion from the educational program of more than 10 school days, transfer to another program or termination or significantly reducing a related service.
  • 49. Disagreement with Parents • Parents should be given their rights at the beginning (Procedural Safeguards) • If parents disagree with what district is proposing regarding assessment, eligibility, or plan, use the Prior Written Notice form • Approval not needed for change of placement • Parents can appeal to the Office of Civil Rights • No “stay put” as in IDEA
  • 50. §504 Teams Gone Wild “Johnny will participate on the varsity basketball team” “Susie will be in the school choir” • The sport or activity doesn’t belong in the plan, only the supports needed for them to participate • Students must be “otherwise qualified” as judged by the same criteria as other students
  • 51. Consideration for Special Education • If a 504 student is requiring intensive services, therapies, or even alternate placement, consider eligibility for Special Education.
  • 52. Key Points • Common regular education interventions such as RtII may eliminate existence of a “substantial limitation” • Standard is to compare student to an “average student”. This means you compare student against chronological peers in the entire state or country. Different standard of FAPE than IDEA. • Do not consider mitigating factors when determining whether an impairment is substantially limiting
  • 53. Follow-Up Steps • Following the meeting: – Copies of documentation from the meeting should be placed in the student’s permanent folder – If the student was found eligible, a Section 504 notice should be placed on the student’s permanent folder. – All staff serving the student should be notified of the student’s eligibility and their roles in providing accommodations. These staff should receive a copy of the accommodation plan. – It is best practice that the plan be reviewed on an annual basis, or more often if needed, and modified as needed.
  • 54. Section 504 Policies & Procedures • School districts need to revise Section 504 policy, procedures, and forms to conform with the new changes to Section 504. – Given the new changes under the 2008 Amendments, it is critical that school districts adopt clear and concise Section 504 policies, procedures, and forms that comply with the new definitions of major life activity and substantial limitation.

Notas del editor

  1. M-
  2. Show chart handout on WIki
  3. Schools often drag their feet in providing needed services to children under Section 504 because of the lack of funding but their legal obligation may be no less than IDEA. LEAs do not receive funding specifically for the implementation of non-discrimination laws, but are not excused from making expenditures that are necessary to ensure equal access in all settings where this law applies. Additionally, while federal funds are provided for implementation of IDEA, under Section 504, federal funds are not provided, although the obligation to comply remains. Cost considerations do not limit a district's responsibility to provide FAPE under Section 504.
  4. These laws are Civil Rights Acts and to fail to provide the protections would be a violation of Civil Rights law. WHAT HAPPENS IF A DISTRICT DOES NOT COMPLY WITH SECTION 504? OCR attempts to bring a district into voluntary compliance through negotiation of a corrective action agreement. If this is unsuccessful, OCR may initiate proceedings for suspension or elimination of federal funds that school districts receive for programs and services (Executive Order 11914, 41 Fed. Reg.17871(1976). OCR also may refer the case to the Department of Justice for judicial proceedings.
  5. M- Basically, if the student needs special ed services, or goals, or regular monitoring, the IEP is the best choice.
  6. F- Discuss some cases where kids are not Special Education eligible. Kids in wheelchairs, with orthotics, asthma, etc.
  7. McGuffey sends with bus assignments Show PDE Sample Annual Notice to Parents
  8. Within 25 school days of receipt of the parents’ written request for the provision of service, the district shall evaluate the information submitted by the parents and send a written response to the parents’ request
  9. F- This is a lot less complicated than Special Education.
  10. F- Show the Consent for Evaluation form again and the various sources of information that should be used. These are the three areas that need to be determined in the district’s evaluation, if not, we will lose cases.
  11. One of the greatest challenges is determining what is the level of limitation. This scale gives good descriptors to help 504 committees to make that determination. Let’s look at each level: Negligible Mild Moderate Substantial – Meets essential part of criteria for 504 eligibility Extreme – Also Meets essential part of criteria for 504 eligibility but may indicate the need to consider for special education referral
  12. F-
  13. F- Review
  14. If the district determines, after review of information provide by the parents, that it needs additional information before it can make a specific recommendation, the district shall ask the parents to provide additional medical records and grant the district permissionj to evaluate the student. The district request shall be in writing and specifically identify the procedures and types of tests that it proposes to use to evaluate the student & inform the parent that they have the right to give or withhold their written consent to the evaluation. Show PDE sample “Notice of District-Initiated Evaluation”
  15. F-
  16. Refer to Sample Calendar - McGuffey Calendar
  17. There is no specific Invitation - can develop one similar to Invitation for Chapter 14
  18. Write clear Service Agreements. For example, rather than providing an accommodation “as needed,” indicate who will determine that the accommodation is needed. Sometimes will provide actual therapies, such as OT, SLP. Aide support could be provided.
  19. M-
  20. M- Mention Doe Vs Withers
  21. M-
  22. Show the Manifestation Determination document from McGuffey.
  23. Parental consent is not required for reevaluations of students on Section 504 Plans. - OCR Decision Guidance
  24. PDE’s Grievance Procedures Show PDE sample of Procedural Safeguards - review each section 1) Parental Request for Assistance 2) Request Resolution 3) Informal Conference 4) Formal due process hearing
  25. M-
  26. Provide all of the student’s teachers with a copy of the Section 504 Plan at the beginning of the school year and have them sign off on having received it. Include staff in charge of the student’s extracurricular activities in cases where it is determined that it would be appropriate.
  27. Show McGuffey’s Policy