This document provides an introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, and XP. It defines Lean as focusing on identifying value and optimizing processes. Agile emphasizes responding quickly to change through principles like valuing individuals, working software, and customer collaboration. Scrum is a framework that uses short cycles, daily stand-ups, and product backlogs to organize complex work. XP includes practices like pair programming, test-driven development, and collective code ownership.

1. Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
Si Alhir
salhir@gmail.com
http://salhir.wordpress.com
202-596-8202
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
1 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

2. Business Enterprise
(Business & Technology and Management & Teams)
Market
Business
Enterprise
Harmonize Business and Technology
Foster Optimization, Responsiveness, and Competitiveness
Ensure Resilience
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
2 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

3. Lean: Optimization
~ Lean
~ Roots in the Toyota Production System (TPS) ("Just-in-
Time")
~ "The Machine That Changed the World: The Story of Lean
Production” (James Womack, Daniel Jones, Daniel Roos,
1991)
~ "Lean Thinking” (Womack, Jones, 1996)
~ "The Toyota Way” (Jeffrey Liker, 2003)
~ Purpose: Identify Value
~ Process
~ Map the Value Stream
~ Create Continuous Flow
~ Establish Level Pull
~ People: Seek Perfection
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
3 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

4. Agile: Responsiveness
~ Agility
~ Roots in Energy-Maneuverability (E-M) Theory (aircraft
performance, F-15 Eagle, F-16 Fighting Falcon, F/A-18
Hornet)
~ "Destruction and Creation" (John Boyd, 1976)
~ "A Discourse on Winning and Losing” (John Boyd, 1987)
~ "Certain to Win“ (Chet Richards, 2004)
~ Observe
~ Orient: Genetic heritage, Cultural traditions, New information,
Previous experience, Analysis & Synthesis
~ Decide: Appreciation and Leadership
~ Act
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
4 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

5. Manifesto for
Agile Software Development
We are uncovering better ways of developing
software by doing it and helping others do it.
Through this work we have come to value:
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value in the items on
the right, we value the items on the left more.
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
http://agilemanifesto.org, 2001 5 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

6. Principles behind the
Agile Manifesto
We follow these principles:
Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer The most efficient and effective method of
through early and continuous delivery conveying information to and within a development
of valuable software. team is face-to-face conversation.
Welcome changing requirements, even late in Working software is the primary measure of progress.
development. Agile processes harness change for
the customer's competitive advantage. Agile processes promote sustainable development.
The sponsors, developers, and users should be able
Deliver working software frequently, from a to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.
couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a
preference to the shorter timescale. Continuous attention to technical excellence
and good design enhances agility.
Business people and developers must work
together daily throughout the project. Simplicity--the art of maximizing the amount
of work not done--is essential.
Build projects around motivated individuals.
Give them the environment and support they need, The best architectures, requirements, and designs
and trust them to get the job done. emerge from self-organizing teams.
At regular intervals, the team reflects on how
to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts
its behavior accordingly.
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
http://agilemanifesto.org/principles.html, 2001 6 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

7. Lean and Agile Business Enterprise
Context
Lead
Governance
Collaborate
Marketing, Sales,
Support
Results
Products, Lines,
Execution
Strategy
Focus
Portfolios
Feedback/Iterate
Projects, Programs,
Balance
Portfolios
Engineering, Arch.,
Infrastructure Contribute Confirm
Empower
Operations Enable
Support
People
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
7 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

8. Solutions and lifecycles
~ Solutions to Problems
~ Products composed of components
~ Services delivered by people and processes
~ Lifecycle of a Solution
~ Vision, Roadmap, and Business Case
~ Releases composed of iterations
~ Iterations composed of requirements and work
Roadmap Vision
Release
Iterative
(Features)
Incremental
Iteration Iteration Iteration Iteration
Time-boxed
(Stories) (Stories) (Stories) (Stories)
Zero Work Harden
Define-Detail,
(Review)
Initiate
(Plan)
Build, & Parallel
Close
Test Continuous
(Tasks)
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
8 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

9. Scrum
~ Roots
~ "The New New Product Development game" (HBR, 1986)
~ Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland, 1993
~ Framework
~ Simple team-based "inspect and adapt" framework
(Empirical vs. Define)
~ Organize "complex" work (systems and products)
~ Iterative, incremental approach to optimize predictability
and control risk & confront uncertainty
~ Foundation
~ Grounded in Transparency, Inspection, and Adaptation
~ Fosters Commitment-based, Self-organizing, and Cross-
functional Teams
~ Scrum Teams: Roles, Time-Boxes, Artifacts, and Rules
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
9 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

10. Scrum and XP
Sprint
Product
Owner
Release (Customer)
Burndown
Daily Scrum
Impediments
Meeting
Product Sprint
Product
Backlog Backlog
ScrumMaster
(Coach) Overall
Practices
Sprint
Burndown
Collective Code Coding
Ownership Standard
Test-Driven
Def-Det, Development
Bld, &
Team Pair
Tst Programming
Refactoring
Simple
Scrum: A simple team-based "inspect and adapt" framework Design
Continuous Sustainable
to organize work around "complex" systems and products. Integration Pace
eXtreme Programming (XP): A discipline of software development. Metaphor
http://www.scrum.org/ Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
http://xprogramming.com/xpmag/whatisxp/ 10 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

11. Scrum: Intent, Work, and Results
~ Product Backlog (What)
~ Collection of requirements or stories
~ Items have a Description, Priority, and Estimate
~ Emerge
~ Sprint Backlog (How)
~ Collection of tasks
~ Items have Estimate Remaining
~ Emerge
~ Product
~ Release level: Bundle of Features/Services
~ Sprint level: Slice/piece of Product (potentially shippable)
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
11 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

12. Scrum: Owners
~ Product Owner
~ Maximize value of the work
~ Product Backlog: Define(Value), Prioritize, Commit
~ Product: Accept or Reject
~ Team
~ Do the work
~ Self-organize (figure out how)
~ Cross-functional (have the skills to define-detail & build &
test)
~ Product Backlog: Size, Select, Commit
~ Sprint Backlog: Define and Estimate
~ Product: Realize and Demonstrate
~ Scrum Master
~ Champion the Process
~ Coach the Product Owner and Team
~ Champion removing Impediments/dysfunctions
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
12 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

13. Scrum: Flow and Pull
~ Sprint (2-4 Weeks)
~ Period of time to complete a Product Increment
~ Committed Product Backlog Items are fixed (and
elaborated) for the duration of the Sprint
~If Team is unable to complete all items, Product Owner
decides which items to remove
~If Team can address more items, Product Owner decides
which items to add
~ Team self-organizes to assign and undertake the work
(sign-up for, add, and remove Sprint Backlog Items)
~ May be abnormally canceled/terminated
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
13 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

14. Scrum: Flow and Pull
~ Sprint Planning Meeting
~ Segment 1 (1/2 Day) - Product Backlog Selection (What)
~ Product Owner Defines, Prioritizes (Risk, value,
Necessity), and Presents Product Backlog Items
~ Team Sizes Product Backlog Items
~ Product Owner and Team establish Sprint Goal and
definition of "Done"
~ Team Selects Product Backlog Items
~ Segment 2 (1/2 Day) - Sprint Backlog Planning (How)
~ Team Defines and Estimates Sprint Backlog Items
~ Product Owner and Team Refine
~ Product Owner commits to the fixed (but will-be elaborated)
Product Backlog Items
~ Team commits to do best to complete Product Backlog Items
~ Consider capacity and reality
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
14 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

15. Scrum: Flow and Pull
~ Sprint Review Meeting (1/2 Day)
~ Inspect the Product Increment and Adapt the Product
Backlog
~ Product Owner identifies what is "Done" and "Not Done"
~ Team discusses what went well, problems encountered, and
how they were solved
~ Team demonstrates the work
~ Product Owner discusses the Product Backlog
~ Sprint Retrospective Meeting (1/2 Day)
~ Inspect and Adapt the Process
~ Worked well - Continue?
~ Improve - Start or Stop?
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
15 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

16. Scrum: Flow and Pull
~ Daily Scrum Meeting (15 minutes)
~ Synchronization point among Team
~ Worked on: Accomplished?
~ Will work on: Do?
~ Impediments: Obstacles?
~ Impediments
~ Burndown Charts
~ Release-level and Sprint-level
~ Velocity
~ Scrum Board
~ Information Radiator
~ Story (Size), To-Do (Estimate), In-Process (Owner), Done
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
16 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

17. eXtreme Programming (XP)
~ Roles ~ Core Practices
~ Customer ~ Simple Design
~ Coach ~ Pair Programming
~ Team ~ Test-Driven Development
~ Refactoring (Design
Improvement)
~ Overall Practices ~ Supporting Practices
~ Whole Team ~ Continuous Integration
~ Planning Game ~ Collective Code Ownership
~ Small Releases ~ Coding Standard
~ Customer Tests ~ Metaphor
~ Sustainable Pace
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
17 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.

18. Thank You
Si Alhir
salhir@gmail.com
http://salhir.wordpress.com
202-596-8202
Introduction to Lean, Agile, Scrum, & XP
18 Copyright (c) 2009 Sinan Si Alhir. All rights reserved.