3. -
-
-
-
-

4. -
-
-
-

5. -
-

6. -
-
-

7. -
-

8. Incubators
Autoclave
Refrigerator

9. pH meter
Balances
Water baths

10. Water distillation
Thermometers
Shaker
Hot air oven

11. Desiccator
Centrifuge
Compound
microscopes
Hot plate

12. Conical flasks
Beakers
Test tubes
Pipetts

13. Burettes
Petri dishes
Slides

14. Cover
Cork borers
Inoculating loop needle
Scissors

15. Forceps
Benzen flame
Label papers

16. Sterility

17. Basket
Test tube
Stainless steal
cylinder

18. Filter paper
Cotton
Swabs

19. Cloth
Media
-Colony - Colonies
Culture

20. Subculture
Sample
Incubation
temperature
Infection

21. Disinfectant
Air pollution
Water Pollution
Inoculum

23. growth media
medium
––––
–––-

24. chemically defined media(
chemicallymeadianonedefinde

25. solid media
semisolid media
liquid media

26. enriched media
selective media

27. -differential media
-:biological assay media
-media for enumeration of bacteria

28. media for characterization of bacteria

29. water

30. peptone

31. extractPeef

32. solidifying agents

33. gelatin
-
-

34. agaragar
-

35. 


-

36. 


38. Nutrient agar-

40. –
-
-
-
-
-

42. –
Nutrient agar
–-

44. Pure culture
Mixed culture

45. -
-
-
-
-
-
--

48. -form

49. -Elevation

50. -Surface
-Smooth
-Rough
-concentrically ringed
-Radiantly ridged

51. -Edge

52. -Optical
features
-Opaque
-Translucent
-
-Opalescent

53. -Consistency
-Butyrous
-Viscid
-Membranous
-Brittle

54. -:Pigmentation

55. -
-
-
-
-
-

56. -coccus
-coccus
-Diplococci
-Tetracocci
-Sarcina
-Streptococci
-Staphlococci

57. -Bacillus
-E.coli
-Diplibacillus
-Streptobacillus
-

58. -Spirillum
-Vibrio

59. 



61. -
-
-
-
-

63. 

–

64. Negative Stain

India ink)

Nigrossin).

65. 







66. 








67. 

68. cholera


–




69. plague


-
-







70. -



-

71. 
––
-



72. 



74. 

-

75. -
-
-

79. Endospore
stining
BacillusClostridium
Endospore
Schaeffer and Fulton
.Malachit green
--

80. Shaeffer &
Fulton
-Bacillus-Subtilis
-
Malachite-green
-
-
-
-
-
-

82. 



88. Environmental influences .

90. -
Effect of temperature on groth :
Optimum
Minimum

91. -
-
E.coli
-Bacillus
subtilis
-
-
-
-

92. -
Bacillus
mesophiles
-
Bacillus
subtilis
-

93. Effect of H-ion concentration
optimum
maximum
minimum

94. -Bacillus
-
pH
-
-
-

95. Bacillus
subtilis

96. Effect of osmotic pressure
Plasmoptysis ,
Plasmolysis .
salt
toleranthalophilic

97. -Bacillus subtilis-
-
-NaCl2
-
-
B.subtilis
-

98. Bacillu
s

99. Effect of aeration
strict aerobes
faculative anaerobes
strict
anaerobes
microaerophilic

100. -
soil suspension
-
-

101. aerobefacultativeanaerobe Micro-

102. bacilluc
Bacillus sp.
H2O2 catalase H2O+O2
catalase
O O
Oxygen molecule

103. 

104. hydrolases
starch hydrolysis

amyloseAmylopectin



105. Bacillus subtilis

106. 
Collagen


107. Bacillus subtilis