10. • The first man-made plastic was created
by Alexander Parkes who publicly
demonstrated it at the 1862 Great
International Exhibition in London.
• The material called Parkesine was an
organic material derived from cellulose.
• Celluloid is derived from cellulose and
alcoholized camphor. John Wesley
Hyatt invented celluloid in 1868. He
created celluloid in a strip format for
movie film.
• By 1900, movie film was an exploding
market for celluloid.
History of Plastic
11. • The vast majority of plastics are composed of
polymers of carbon and hydrogen alone or with
oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine or sulfur in the
backbone.Common plastics type are:
1. Polypropylene (PP) - Food containers, appliances, car
fenders (bumpers).
2. Polystyrene (PS) - Packaging foam, food containers,
disposable cups, plates, cutlery, CD boxes
3. High impact polystyrene (HIPS) - fridge liners, food
packaging, vending cups.
4. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) - Electronic
equipment cases as computer parts, drainage pipe etc
5. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - carbonated
drinks bottles, jars, plastic film, microwavable packaging
6. Polyester (PES) - Fibers, textiles
Chemicals in Plastic
19. • Plastic is a non-biodegradable substance,
composed of toxic chemicals; plastic pollutes
earth, air and water.
• Plastic causes serious damage to environment
both during its production and disposal.
• Plastic does not undergo bacterial
decomposition hence land filling using plastic
would mean preserving the poison forever.
• Plastics are very strong and durable.
• They won't rot, decay, tear, crack or dissolve.
Even 500 years from now, the foam cup you
throw away will still be a piece of garbage in a
landfill site.
Plastic is 'non-degradable
20. When plastic burned in
air it releases a host of
poisonous chemicals
into the air, including
dioxin, the most toxic
substance known to
science.
Plastic when burn in air
1. Dioxins are found throughout the world in the environment and they
accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the fatty tissue of animals.
2. Dioxins are highly toxic and can cause reproductive and
developmental problems, damage the immune system, interfere
with hormones and also cause cancer.
1. Dioxins are found throughout the world in the environment and they
accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the fatty tissue of animals.
2. Dioxins are highly toxic and can cause reproductive and
developmental problems, damage the immune system, interfere
with hormones and also cause cancer.
21. • Styrofoam is one of the most environmental toxins found in
plastic.
• Polystyrene, is manufactured using benzene, from coal;
styrene, from petroleum; and ethylene, a "blowing agent"
used in the process since the crackdown on CFCs.
• Extracting these raw materials generates air and water
pollution, it can lead to lung cancer and neurological
problems in factory workers.
• Like all plastics, polystyrene is non-biodegradable. Even
after a take-out container has dissolved 500 years from
now, its chemical components will still clog the eco-system.
• Research on whether polystyrene chemicals "migrate" from
container to food is hotly debated, but it's a fact that
styrene has been present in our fatty tissue and breast milk
for the past 30 years.
Plastic poison - Styrofoam
22.
• Plastic has replaced the traditional material
(paper/cloth etc) as packing and carry bags
because of its low cost of production, light
weight, strength, easy process of
manufacture, and availability.
• Plastic bags are so light and strong that they
can carry normal weight, cheap and is used
in all types of shops in our daily life.
• Plastic bags have made it possible for
people to go without bags to market or work
place as these bags are availably for asking
and can be thrown without a second
thought.
Plastic carry bag: A major source of
pollution
23. • There are numerous hazards of plastic carry
bags. The land gets littered by plastic bag
garbage presenting an ugly and unhygienic
seen.
• The "Throw away culture" results in these bags
finding their way in to the city drainage system,
the resulting blockage, creates unhygienic
environment resulting in health hazard and
spreading of water borne diseases.
• This littering also reduces rate of rain water
percolating, resulting in lowering of already low
water levels in our cities.
• The soil fertility deteriorates as the plastic bags
form part of manure remains in the soil for
Plastic carry bag pollution
24. Food and drinks stored in plastic bottles can contain
trace amount of Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic chemical
that interferes with the body’s natural hormonal
messaging system.
Repeated re-use of such bottles—which get dinged up
through normal wear and tear and while being washed—
increases the chance that chemicals will leak out of the
tiny cracks and crevices that develop over time.
BPA has been linked to breast and uterine cancer, an
increased risk of miscarriage, and decreased
testosterone levels.
BPA can also wreak havoc on children’s developing
systems. Even Plastic Water and Soda Bottles should not
be reused.
A tin can that entered the ocean in 1986 is still
decomposing in 2006 but a plastic bottle that entered
the ocean in 1986 is decomposing in 2436.
25. Bottled water consumes roughly 17
million barrels of oil every year. In
addition to the 17 million barrels of
oil used in production, bottled water
consumes gallons and gallons of water.
Again every ton of PET plastic for the
bottles produces 3 tons of carbon–
adding 2.5 Million tons of carbon
dioxide emissions to the 17 million
barrels of oil.
33. Governments have done little
& claim they need to focus on
more important issues
Underdeveloped countries
don’t have funds to enforce
stricter anti-pollution laws
34. The biggest problem with plastic recycling is
that it is difficult to automate the sorting of
plastic waste, and so it is labor intensive.
Typically, workers sort the plastic by looking at
the resin identification code, though common
containers like soda bottles can be sorted from
memory.
Only 3.5 percent of all plastics are recycled in
any way.
It is estimated that between 500 billion and a
trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide
each year.
Less than 1 percent of these are recycled as it
costs more to recycle a bag than to produce a
new one.
35. Recycling of plastic is associated with skin
and respiratory problems, resulting from
exposure to and inhalation of toxic fumes,
especially hydrocarbons and residues
released during the process.
What is worse, the recycled plastic
degrades in quality and necessitates the
production of more new plastic to make
the original product.
Recycling of plastic is very uneconomical,
dirty and labour-intensive as has been
revealed by a study conducted by the
Public Interest Research Group, based
in Delhi, India.
36.
37.
38. Switch to reusable shopping bags.
By using ONE reusable cloth bag, you can save up to
6 plastic bags a week
that translates into 24 bags a month
or 288 bags a year
that amounts to 22,176 bags in an average lifetime
Recycle your plastic bags.
Many grocery stores now collect plastic bags for
recycling.
39. Some European nations have placed
incinerators on their ships to burn all the wastes
products
The International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution from Ships forbids US dumping w/in
320 km of coasts & none at all in the Gulf of
Mexico
Chinese cities banned the use of foam lunch
boxes
Taiwan banned plastic bags and foam
containers
Total Recycling has developed optical
technology to improve the manual sorting of
mingled plastics to make recycling more
efficient
40. Waste of the households, Shops,etc.
Improper garbage system of the area.
Irregularity of the Pvt. Garbage contractors.
Ignorance of the people about the causes and
effects of the plastic pollution.
Lack of proper knowledge about the plastic
pollution and its effects.
Lack of social responsibility and ownership.
41. Awareness campaigns- Stop using plastic bags.
Educate people about the plastic pollution and its
effects on our environment.
Road show in regards “No to plastic bags”, and display
of banners on the walls of slums, colonies and societies
areas.
Hands with the Municipal Corporation to take the
corrective measures, to do timely inspections.
Support NSS, NGOs, Volunteer agencies and others to
organize “Safai Abhiyan” in all Society slums, colonies
and rural areas.
Social responsibility, commitment and ownership by
every individual may control the problem.
42. Pollution is mainly caused by the activities of
people. It is important to realize that the
activities of people can also reduce pollution.
Everyone can help!
43. We realize that out environment is degrading day
by day due to plastic pollution because it does
not destroy easily and take a long time to destroy.
Now lets take a pledge together.
We will stop the use of plastic bags and will
use
reusable cloth bags only.
We pledge that we will educate our community
people to save our environment.
We will share the possible solution of Plastic
Pollution with community people
45. Pollution is happening.
Earth is dissipating.
The ozone layer is getting bigger.
Arctic ice is disappearing.
Humans are dumping carbon dioxide in the
earth.
71. One third of the world’s
population is now subject to
water scarcity
Population facing water
scarcity will more than
double over the next 30
years
Climate
change is
projected to
decrease
water
availability
in many arid-
and semi-
arid regions
It is twice the size of the continental United States, yet you cannot set foot on it. Scientists have named it “Plastic Soup”, and appropriately so. Floating in the Northern Pacific Ocean lays a huge expanse of plastic refuse. This garbage patch is actually two attached areas on either side of Hawaii, known as the Western and Eastern Pacific Garbage Patches. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch was discovered by Charles Moore, an American oceanographer, in 1997 as he was traveling between Hawaii and Los Angeles on a yacht. Taking a course usually avoided by sailors, he steered his craft through the “North Pacific gyre” (a vortex created by little wind and strong high pressure systems). Here, thousands of miles from land, he discovered and was surrounded by pieces of plastic trash day after day as he steered his yacht through the area over a week’s time period. He believes there is about 100 million tons of debris floating, drifting, and swirling in the Pacific Ocean approximately 500 miles off the coast of California, stretching past the Hawaiian Islands, and extending almost to Japan. Professor David Karl, an oceanographer at the University of Hawaii, is seeking to confirm Mr. Moore’s discovery and is co-coordinating an expedition later this year to locate the garbage patch. He compares the plastic refuse to a new habitat of sorts. Translucent, it lies just below the surface of the ocean and is undetected by satellite photography. The only way it can be seen is by ships sailing through it. Some trash that might end up in ocean gyres is biodegradable. Not so of our modern plastics, however. Plastics as old as 50 years have been recovered from the ocean. Approximately one-fifth of the plastic soup comes from trash discarded from ships and oil platforms. The remaining four-fifths come from land. It is estimated that plastic makes up 90% of all refuse floating in the ocean and the UN Environment Programme estimated recently that each square mile of ocean water contains 46,000 pieces of floating garbage. Not only does the plastic trash pose serious risks to marine mammals and sea birds, but the filth-filled water threatens human health as well. The plastic industry is losing or spilling huge amounts of raw materials each year and much of this makes its way to the seas and oceans. These materials act as chemical sponges and attract synthetic chemicals like hydrocarbons and the pesticide DDT. It is unavoidable for these materials to enter the food chain once they exist in our oceans. Once they enter the food chain, the end of that chain is your dinner plate. The discovery of The Great Pacific Garbage Patch led Mr. Moore to become an environmental activist. He has recently warned consumers that if we do not cut back on our use of disposable plastics, this plastic soup will likely double in size over the next ten years. Like other areas of concentrated marine debris in the world's oceans, the Eastern Garbage Patch formed gradually as a result of marine pollution gathered by oceanic currents. The garbage patch occupies a large and relatively stationary region of the North Pacific Ocean bound by the North Pacific Gyre (a remote area commonly referred to as the horse latitudes). The gyre's rotational pattern draws in waste material from across the North Pacific Ocean, including coastal waters off North America and Japan. As material is captured in the currents, wind-driven surface currents gradually move floating debris toward the center, trapping it in the region. The patch's size is unknown, as large items readily visible from a boat deck are uncommon. Most debris consists of small plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface, making it impossible to detect by aircraft or satellite. [7] Estimates on size range from 700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) to more than 15,000,000 square kilometres (5,800,000 sq mi) (0.41% to 8.1% of the size of the Pacific Ocean), or "twice the size as continental United States". [8] The area may contain over 100 million tons of debris. [9] It has also been suggested that the patch may represent two linked areas. [10] In August 2009, the Scripps Institute / Project Kaisei SEAPLEX survey mission of the Gyre, found that plastic debris was present in 100 consecutive samples taken at varying depths and net sizes along a 1,700 miles (2,700 km) path through the patch. [11] The survey also confirmed that while the debris field does contain large pieces, it is on the whole made up of smaller items which increase in concentration towards the Gyre's centre, and these 'confetti-like' pieces are clearly visible just beneath the surface. [12] [edit] Sources of pollutants An estimated 80% of the garbage comes from land-based sources, and 20% from ships. A typical 3,000 passenger cruise ship produces over eight tons of solid waste weekly, much of which ends up in the patch. [13] Pollutants range in size from abandoned fishing nets to micro-pellets used in abrasive cleaners. [14] Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about five years, and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less. [15][16] An international research project led by Dr. Hideshige Takada of Tokyo University studying plastic pellets, or nurdles, from beaches around the world may provide further clues about the origins of pelagic plastic. [17]