Iraq signed MOU with UNCTAD to carry Science Technology and Innovation Policy review in Iraq (STIP). The review assesses science policy in Iraq and provides policy recommendations. STIP Review National Committee in Iraq was established to work as the local partner with participation of all line ministries. The STIP Review National Committee in Iraq is chaired by Ministry of Science and Technology.

1. Dr. Samir Raouf
Senior Deputy Minister
Ministry of Science and Technology, June 2009
http://stiiraqdev.wordpress.com/

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A new approach of evaluating scientific and
technical capabilities.
Proposed in the late 80’s and adopted by
OECD in 1992, later by UNCTAD.
Today used by World Bank UNESCO and
Others.
Based on two concepts:
◦ Innovation
◦ National Innovation System
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May 2008: Ministry of Science and
Technology (MoST) requested STIP review
from United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD) during the 11th
session of STDev.
1st September, 2008: MOU signed between
UNCTAD and MoST.
October 2008: cabinet approved the MOU and
assembled a national committee from high
level representatives from 10 ministries
(expanded later to 15)
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1.Ministry of Science & Technology.
2.Ministry of Agriculture.
3.Ministry of Industry and Minerals.
4.Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research.
5.Ministry of Environment.
6.Ministry of Communication.
7.Ministry of Water Resources.
8.Ministry of Planning & Development Cooperation.
9.Ministry of Oil.
10.Prime Minister’s Office/Advisors Commission.
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5. 
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11.Ministry
12.Ministry
13.Ministry
14.Ministry
15.Ministry
16.Ministry
of
of
of
of
of
of
Foreign Affairs.
Trade.
Transportation.
Construction & Housing.
Health.
Education.
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6. Innovation
is the implementation of a new or
significantly improved product (good or
service), or process, a new marketing
method, or a new organisational method in
business practices, workplace organisation or
external relations.
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Product innovation,
Process innovation,
Marketing innovation,
Organisational innovation
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8. 
Introduction of a good or service that is new
or significantly improved with respect to its
characteristics or intended uses. This
includes significant improvements in
technical specifications, components and
materials, incorporated software, user
friendliness or other functional
characteristics.
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9. 
Implementation of a new or significantly
improved production or delivery method.
This includes significant changes in
techniques, equipment and/or software.
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10. 
Implementation of a new marketing method
involving significant changes in product
design or packaging, product placement,
product promotion or pricing.
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11. 
Implementation of a new organisational
method in the firm’s business practices,
workplace organisation or external
relations.
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Diffusion
New to firm
New to market
New to world
Disruptive innovations
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is the way in which innovations spread, through
market or non-market channels, from their first
worldwide implementation to different consumers,
countries, regions, sectors, markets, and firms.
Without diffusion, an innovation will have no
economic impact. The minimum entry for a change
in a firm’s products or functions to be considered
as an innovation is that it must be new (or
significantly improved) to the firm.
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A product, process, marketing method, or
organisational method can already have
been implemented by other firms, but if it is
new to the firm (or in case of products and
processes: significantly improved), then it is
an innovation for that firm.
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The firm is the first to introduce the
innovation onto its market.
The market is defined as the firm and its
competitors.
The geographical scope is subject to the
firm’s own view of its operating market and
thus can include both domestic and
international firms.
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The firm is the first to introduce the
innovation for all markets and industries,
domestic and international.
implies a qualitatively greater degree of
novelty than new to the market.
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An innovation that has a significant impact
on a market and on the economic activity of
firms in that market.
Focuses on the impact of innovations as
opposed to their novelty.
These impacts can, for example, change the
structure of the market, create new
markets, or render existing products
obsolete. However, it might not be apparent
whether an innovation is disruptive until
long after the innovation has been
introduced.
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18. Innovation activities:
are all scientific, technological,
organisational, financial and commercial
steps which actually, or are intended to, lead
to the implementation of innovations. Some
innovation activities are themselves
innovative, others are not novel activities but
are necessary for the implementation of
innovations. Innovation activities also include
R&D that is not directly related to the
development of a specific innovation.
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Knowledge
Human Resources
Finance
STI Policies are introduced to facilitate supply
and flow of knowledge, human resources and
finance and enhance interaction between
different blocks.
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22. •
Meeting targets, evidence-based S&T policy,
but
◦ lack of interest at the level of policy makers (low
policy-relevance?),
◦ lack of resources devoted to statistics in S&T,
◦ lack of technical knowledge for the production of
cross-nationally comparable R&D statistics,
◦ difficulties in applying FM concepts and methods.
◦ weak statistical institutions
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S&T indicators need to be adapted to
particular policy needs, and need to provide
answers to actual policy questions.
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GERD/GDP
Time trend of GERD/GDP
Number of researchers per million inhabitant
in Arab countries.
Incubators in Arab countries (Micro ecosystem)
Demand for scientists and engineers (Brain
Drain).
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28. 
Composition of foreign born skilled S & T
workers in the USA:
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◦40%
◦57%
◦54%
◦52%
of
of
of
of
the PhD holders
computer and electrical engineers
civil engineers
mechanical engineers
Less industrialized countries have to compete
for their own scientists and technologists in
the global market!
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30. 
Organizational Reform
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Policies Reform
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◦ Review existing institutions and required functions
◦ Recommendations for organizational reform
◦ Review policy authorities and delegations
◦ Evaluate policies effecting researchers (HR), R&D activities,
contracting, intellectual property, financing, regulation of R&D …
etc.
Integration into National Strategies and National
Development Plan (NDP)
◦ R&D priorities derived from ND priorities
◦ NDS should include S&T sector on its own, setting goals in S&T
capacity including S&T infrastructure, human resources and
monitoring STI indicators.
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Develop Funding Mechanisms That Ensure Funding of
Priority Areas According to Merit and Not Organizational
Affiliation.
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31. For More Information Check:
SAMIR RAOUF – http://stiiraqdev.wordpress.com
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