The document outlines 8 processes involved in listening comprehension. The processes are: 1) processing raw speech, 2) determining the type of speech, 3) inferring the speaker's objectives, 4) recalling background information, 5) assigning literal meaning, 6) assigning intended meaning, 7) retaining information short or long-term, and 8) deleting the original form of the message. The document provides examples for some of the processes.

1. 8 PROCESSES
INVOLVED IN LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
- From H. D. Brown’s Teaching by Principles
Slides by Daniel Beck
(aka SamuraiTheologian)
samuraitheologian@gmail.com

2. Process “Raw Speech”

3. 1. PROCESS “RAW SPEECH”
The hearer processes what “raw speech”
and holds an “image” of it in short-term
memory. This image consists of the
constituents* of a stream of speech.

4. Constituents of Speech
Phrases
Clauses
Cohesive Markers
Intonation
Stress Patterns

5. Determine Type of Speech

6. 2. DETERMINE TYPE OF SPEECH
The hearer determines the type of
speech event* being processed and then
appropriately “colors” the interpretation
of the perceived message.

7. Types of Speech Events
(EXAMPLES)
A Conversations
A Speech
A Radio Broadcast

8. Infer Speaker Objectives

9. 3. INFER SPEAKER OBJECTIVES
The hearer infers the objectives of the
speaker through consideration of the
type of speech event, the context, and the
content.

10. Objectives of Speakers
(EXAMPLES)
Persuasion Affirm
Request Deny
Exchange Inform
Pleasantries

11. Background Information
Recalled

12. 4. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
RECALLED
The hearer recalls background
information (schemata) relevant to the
particular context and subject matter. A
lifetime of experiences and knowledge is
used to perform cognitive associations in
order to bring a plausible interpretation
to the message.

13. Literal Meaning
Assigned

14. 5. LITERAL MEANING ASSIGNED
TO UTTERANCE
The hearer assigns a literal meaning to
the utterance. Literal and intended
meanings do not always match. Second
language learners must learn to go
“beneath” the surface of metaphorical
and idiomatic language.

15. Intended Meaning Assigned

16. 6. INTENDED MEANING
ASSIGNED TO UTTERANCE
The hearer assigns an intended meaning
to the utterance. A key to human
communication is the ability to match
perceived meaning with intended
meaning.

17. Pitfalls to Understanding
Intended Meaning (EXAMPLES)
Metaphorical Conceptual
Language Complexity
Idiomatic Language Contextual
Miscues
Careless Speech
Psychological
Inattention by Barriers
Hearer

18. I never forget!
Short or Long-term
Retention

19. 7. RETAIN INFORMATION
SHORT OR LONG-TERM
The hearer determines whether
information should be retained in short-
term or long-term memory.

20. Delete Form of
Original Message

21. 8. DELETE FORM OF ORIGINAL
MESSAGE
The hearer deletes the form in which the
message was originally received. The
words, phrases, and sentences are quickly
forgotten or “pruned”.

22. 8 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1.Raw Forms 5.Literal Meaning
Processed Assigned
2.Speech Type 6.Intended Meaning
Determined Assigned
3.Speaker’s 7.Information
Objectives Inferred Retained Short or
Long-term
4.Schemata Recalled
8.Original Form
Deleted

23. 8 PROCESSES INVOLVED
IN LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
- From H. D. Brown’s Teaching by Principles
Slides by Daniel Beck
(aka SamuraiTheologian)
samuraitheologian@gmail.com