2. Introduction
 Motivation is one of the important factors which
affects human behavior.
 It’s an important factor which encourages employees to
give their best performance and help in attaining
enterprise goals.
 It is derived from the word “motive” which means idea,
need, emotion, or organism state which promotes a
man to an action.

3. DEFENITION
Edwin B Flippo defines, “Motivation is the process of
attempting to influence others to do their work
through the possibility of gain or reward”.

4. CHARECTERISTICS
1. Continuous process.
Man is full of wants, needs and desires. He wants to
fulfill these wants. If one want is satisfied another
wants arises. That means all the wants can’t be
satisfied at one time.
2. A psychological phenomenon
Motivation is a psychological concept because it
arises from inside the individual. It is the
inducement of inner feelings of an individual.
conti..

5. 3. Dynamic
Motives of a person today may be different from
motives of tomorrow. His needs, drives, expectation
etc. are changing.
4. Based on motives
Motivation is based on motives which are internal to
the individual.
5. Related with individual
Motivation is related with individual.

6. 6. Goal oriented process
A person is motivated to achieve something. So it is
always goal oriented.
7. Complex process
Complexes arise due to the nature of needs and type of
behavior that is attempted to satisfy those needs.
8. Motivation is influenced by social and cultural norms
Social and cultural values, customs and attribute play
an important role in motivation.

7. 9. Positive or negative
Positive motivation comprises use of incentives such as
increase in pay, reward, promotion, etc. Negative
motivation includes imposition of penalties, threat of
demotion, fear of loss of job, etc.

8. IMPORTANCE
 Effective utilization of human resources
Motivation induces every individual to perform well. It
results into enhanced productivity and production. A
motivated employee usually performs well.
• Make employee quality oriented
A motivated employee is always quality oriented.
• Maintain good human relation
A high level motivation result in pleasant relation
between employers and employees. It is very essential to
smooth functioning of an organization.

9.  Better image
Motivation helps in creating better image about
the organization among public.
• Less absenteeism and turnover
A satisfied employee will not leave the organization. It
will lead to low turnover and absenteeism.
• Improvement of skill and knowledge
Motivation also results in improvement of skill and
knowledge of each and every employee. It will
enhance the overall efficiency of an organization.

10.  Creates willingness to work.
Motivation induces workers to work. Without any
motivation an employee cannot work properly.

11. MOTIVATION PROCESS
 Stage 1. Need deficiency
A need always arise in mind. E.g. :-desire to get
promotion.
• Stage 2. Selection of the course of action
The employee is seeking the strategies to satisfy his
needs and he selects the best strategy for its
fulfillment.
• Stage 3. Assessment of employees performance

12. The supervisor assesses the performance of the
employees.
• Stage 4. Reward or punishment
In the light of employees performance, is
rewarded or punished. Getting rewards means, he is
able to satisfy his needs.
• Stage 5. Re- evaluation of needs
If reward is denied or punishment is given to the
employee will re-evaluate his need. Sometime he may
give up the need.

13. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
 Content Theories
1. MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY MODEL
This theory was proposed by Abraham Harold
Maslow. According to him there are 5 types of needs.
Physiological Needs
This is the most basic and needs for physical
survival. This group includes needs for food, drink,
oxygen, sleep etc..

14. Safety Needs
It also termed as security needs. It act as a motivator.
It includes protection from physical harm, ill health,
job security etc.
Social Needs (Love and Belonging Needs)
These needs mainly includes the need for
conversation, sociability, exchange of feelings and
grievances etc.

15. Esteem Needs
This includes self esteem and public esteem. Self
esteem means esteem in the eyes of self. This includes
personal strength, confidence, independence etc.
Self Actualization needs
According to Maslow self actualization is the desire to
become everything that one is capable of becoming.

16. 2.HERZBERGS TWO FACTOR THEORY
 MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS
These are the factors which creates a highly
motivating situation; but its absence does not creates
dissatisfaction, e.g.- achievement, recognition.
 HYGENE FACTORS
The presence of these factors did not significantly
motivate the employees but the absence of such factors
causes serious dissatisfaction. E.g.- salary.

17.  Process theories
1. EQUITY THEORY
This theory is worked on the principle “equal pay for
equal work”. This theory suggests that there is no
inequality among employees in an organization. But one
of the major limitation is comparison is not possible.
2. REINFORCEMENT THEORY
There are 3 types of reinforcement

18. Positive reinforcement
Pleasant consequence by using rewards to
increase the likelihood that a behavior will be
repeated.
Negative reinforcement
It means escape from existing unpleasant
consequences.
 Punishment
Application of negative outcomes whenever is
possible.

19. THANKS