This document summarizes the effects of heavy metals in the environment on plant physiology. It discusses how industrialization and mining have increased heavy metal levels and how plants uptake metals through their roots and foliage. It then examines the physiological effects on plants, including cellular interactions where metals are stored, transport mechanisms using proteins, impacts on metabolism like oxidative stress, and effects on photosynthesis, reproduction, and hyperaccumulation. The document concludes that understanding plant uptake and resistance strategies could help with phytoremediation and addressing metal deficiencies in foods.
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Heavy metal in the environment and effect on plant physiology
1. Heavy metal in the environment and effect on plant physiology Muhammad Arifin Sandhi Masters Student, Ecology Stockholm University SE- 10691, Sweden
4. Why? Burning Fossil fuels Rapid Industrilization Mining and Smelting Sewage Sludge Chemical fertilzers Pesticide, herbicide residues ( Memon et al., 2001)
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9. Availabilty & Uptake Persistence Bonding of negetive (Soil) and positive (metal) charge. Metal binds with hydroxyl (-OH), Carboxyl group (COOH) and phenolic group of soil and 98% metal binds with inorganic compounds. In terrestrial system metal ions enter in the plant through root hair > cortex and in aquatic system ,through foliage either crack on the cuticle or stomata >plasmolema.
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11. H+ -ATPaseworks for pumping the proton in both plasma membrane and tonoplast.
37. Vacuole compartmentalizationSome other ways metal release from plant like volatilazation, leaf fall,decaying of bark, leaching from leaf, fluid secretion from xylem or hydrathods.
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39. Be a solution for solving required metal deficiency of infants (Ex. Zinc).
40. Needs further research to understand the amount of metal in the food grain. (Striborova et al., 1987)