Chef for DevOps - an Introduction

Chef for DevOps
Concepts and Overview
Sanjeev Sharma
Executive IT Specialist
IBM Rational Specialty Architect
IBM Software Group

Me
• 19 year in the software industry
• 17+ years he has been in Technical
Sales with Rational and IBM
o Mid-Atlantic BU in the East IMT
• Areas of work: Sanjeev Sharma
o DevOps sanjeev.sharma@us.ibm.com
@sd_architect
o Mobile Development
o Application Lifecycle Management
o Enterprise Architecture
o Agile Transformation
o Software Delivery Platforms
o Software Supply Chains.
• Blog @ bit.ly/sdarchitect
• Twitter: @sd_architect

Agenda
• A Review of DevOps
• IBMs Continuous Delivery solution
• Introduction to Chef
• Chef and Continuous Delivery

Businesses are challenged to meet
time pressures with quality software
41% 51% 45%
experience delays
experience delays applications rolled
in integration, configuration back due to quality due to troubleshooting
and issues escaping and fine-tuning issues
testing of applications* into production* in production*

Business Line of Development IT Operations
Owners Customers
Business & Test

GAP GAP

Up to 4-6 Weeks to deliver a simple code change**

* Forrester/IBM Study: A New View of IBM’s Opportunity for Integrated Optimized Systems Address , 2011
** Forrester “Five Ways To Streamline Release Management”, 2011

Patterns of challenges
Differences in dev Backlog of agile Manual (tribal) Lack of feedback and
and ops releases that Ops processes for release quality metric leads to
environments cause cannot handle lack missed service level
failures repeatability/speed targets

Dev Who did
this last
time?
Daily
Build Dave…

Prod Dave’s not
here
Monthly
Delivery man…

DevOps: The time is now
Four key drivers are making DevOps a 2013 imperative for all organizations.

Business
Agility

Cloud Agile
DevOps
Computing Development

Operational
Discipline

Why DevOps?
• Time to value
o Deploy faster. Deploy Often
o Reduce cost/time to deliver
• Developer ‘Self-service’
o Allow Developers to Build and Test against
‘Production-like’ systems
• Increase Quality
o Reduce cost/time to test
o Increase test coverage
• Increase environment utilization
o Virtualize Dev and Test Environments

Why DevOps?
• Deployment
o Minimize deployment related downtime
o Minimize roll-backs of deployed Apps
• Defect Resolution
o Increase the ability to reproduce and fix defects
o Minimize ‘mean-time-to-resolution’ (MTTR)
o Reduce defect cycle time
• Collaboration
o Reduce challenges related to Dev and Ops
collaboration

A blueprint for continuous delivery of
software-driven innovation
dev·ops noun 'dev-äps
Enterprise capability for continuous software delivery that enables clients
to seize market opportunities and reduce time to customer feedback.
DevOps Lifecycle

Customer Business Development/T Operations/Prod
s Owners est uction

Continuous Feedback and Improvements

 Accelerated software delivery  Improved governance across the lifecycle
 Reduced time to obtain and  Balanced quality, cost and speed
respond to customer feedback

10

DevOps Principles and
Values
• Develop and test against a
production-like system
People
• Iterative and frequent
deployments using repeatable Process
and reliable processes
Tools
• Continuously monitor and validate
operational quality characteristics
• Amplify feedback loops

Key Concepts
1. Continuous Integration
2. Continuous Delivery
3. Continuous Test
4. Continuous Monitoring
5. Infrastructure as Code
6. Build and Delivery Pipeline

Continuous Delivery

http://bit.ly/PRQ4a7

Build & Delivery Pipeline

Continuously Deliver to the next Stage.

Infrastructure as Code/Software
Defined Environment
package "apache2" do
package_name node['apache']['package']
end
service "apache2" do
case node['platform_family']
when "rhel", "fedora", "suse"
service_name "httpd"
# If restarted/reloaded too quickly httpd has a habit of failing.
# This may happen with multiple recipes notifying apache to restart - like
# during the initial bootstrap.
restart_command "/sbin/service httpd restart && sleep 1"
reload_command "/sbin/service httpd reload && sleep 1"

Enter Chef!

Delivery Pipeline

Build,
Package,
& Unit Test
.jsp .html Application
Binaries &
Platform Deploy
.java Configuration

.sh chef
recipes
Environment
Deployable Artifacts Running System
Source Artifacts
Source Control Library
Management

Continuous Delivery flow

Test Automation
Cloud Platform Provider

Developer Tools Execute
Request
tests
cloud
resources
Provision
Deliver resources
changes Automation Agent
Post results (execute delivery process)

Source Control and Change
Management server Publish
packages
Retrieve
packages
Trigger
delivery Artifact Library
Post
changes Virtual System

Publish
Build Server packages

17

Standardize Plan & Track Manage Changes Automate Delivery Feedback

IBM Workload
Deployer

IBM
PureApplication
Rational Team Concert Provisioning Systems

Agile Deployment of
Development Virtual Systems

DevOps capabilities
Collaborative Development Continuous Testing Continuous Release

Build Quality
Automation Management

Application
Environment
Release
Provisioning
Automation

Change Source Control Test Service
Management Management Automation Virtualization

Continuous Monitoring

Application Performance Monitoring

Delivery Pipeline
Continuous Delivery

Open Lifecycles Integration Platform

DevOps tool chain
Collaborative Development Continuous Testing Continuous Release

IBM SmartCloud
Build
IBM Rational Quality
IBM Rational Provisioning
Automation Jenkins Management
Build Forge Quality Manager
Chef IBM
Application Workload
IBM Rational EnvironmentDeployer
Release
Automation Provisioning
Automation
Framework IBM Pure
IBMSource Control
Rational Systems
Change IBM Rational
Test Service
Management Team Management
Concert Test Workbench
Automation Virtualization

Continuous Monitoring
IBM SmartCloud Application
Application Performance Monitoring
Performance Management

IBM SmartCloud
Delivery Pipeline
Continuous Delivery Continuous Delivery

Open Lifecycles Integration Platform

What is Chef?
Chef is an automation platform from Opscode for
developers & systems engineers to continuously
define, build, and manage infrastructure.

CHEF USES: Recipes and Cookbooks that describe Infrastructure as
Code.

Chef enables people to easily build & manage complex &
dynamic applications at massive scale
• New model for describing infrastructure that promotes reuse
• Programmatically provision and configure
• Reconstruct business from code repository, data backup, and
bare metal resources
Source: http://bit.ly/15Qclab

Chef Concepts – the System
• chef-client Runs on Systems
• Configured or Managed systems are called Nodes
• chef-client talks to Chef Server
• Ohai a client to detect certain Node environment
properties and provide them to the chef-client
• Repositories are where Chef data objects are stored
• Knife is the command-line user’s tool for Chef
• A workstation is where authoring and data definition
is done by users
Source: http://bit.ly/ZxK7An

Resources, Actions and
Providers
• A Resource defines that Action that needs to be
taken (like install a package, restart a service, etc.)
• A Provider does the work (steps) to carry out the
actions the Resource describes.
• Providers are platform specific, Resources are not
• Actions are decoupled from the steps required to
take a system from current state to desired state

Chef Concepts – Recipes and
Cookbooks
• Cookbooks are collections of Recipes and
associated Attributes, defining a scenario
• Cookbooks are the fundamental unit of
configuration and policy distribution in Chef
• Recipes are collections of Resources, written in Ruby
• Attributes provide specific details of a Node (like IP
address, list of loaded kernel modules, etc.)

Chef Concepts – more stuff
• A Role is used to define patterns and processes that
exist across Nodes
• A Run-list is an ordered list of Recipes or Roles that
are run in exact order
• A Data bag is a global variable and includes
sensitive information like passwords (encrypted)


Chef Concepts – in summary
• Chef is a systems and cloud infrastructure automation
framework that makes it easy to deploy servers and
applications to any physical, virtual, or cloud location.
• Each Chef organization is comprised of one (or more)
workstations, a single server, and every node that will be
configured and maintained by Chef.
• Cookbooks (and recipes) are used to tell Chef how each
node in your organization should be configured. The
chef-client (which is installed on every node) does the
actual configuration.
Source: http://docs.opscode.com

Chef Concepts – the UML view

How Chef works? – yet another
summary
• Chef relies on abstract definitions (known as cookbooks
and recipes) that are written in Ruby and are managed
like source code.
• Each definition describes how a specific part of your
infrastructure should be built and managed.
• Chef applies those definitions to servers and applications,
as specified, resulting in a fully automated infrastructure.
• When a new server comes online, the only thing that
Chef needs to know is which cookbooks and recipes to
apply.
Source: http://docs.opscode.com

A Chef run – how Chef configures a
Node?

Chef Recipe Example
bash "install_tomcat6" do
tomcat_version_name = "apache-tomcat-#{node[:tomcat6][:version]}"
tomcat_version_name_tgz = "#{tomcat_version_name}.tar.gz"
user "root"
cwd usr_share_dir
not_if do ::File.exists?(::File.join(usr_share_dir,tomcat_version_name))
end
code <<-EOH
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-
6/v#{node[:tomcat6][:version]}/bin/#{tomcat_version_name_tgz}
tar -zxf #{tomcat_version_name_tgz}
rm #{tomcat_version_name_tgz}
chown -R #{node[:tomcat6][:user]}:#{node[:tomcat6][:user]}
#{tomcat_version_name}
EOH
end

Source: http://community.opscode.com/cookbooks/tomcat6/source

Chef attributes file Example
require 'openssl'

pw = String.new

while pw.length < 20
pw << OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(1).gsub(/W/, '')
end

# Where the various parts of tomcat6 are
case platform
when "centos"
set[:tomcat6][:start] = "/etc/init.d/tomcat6 start"
set[:tomcat6][:stop] = "/etc/init.d/tomcat6 stop"
set[:tomcat6][:restart] = "/etc/init.d/tomcat6 restart"
set[:tomcat6][:home] = "/usr/share/tomcat6" #don't use trailing slash. it
breaks init script
set[:tomcat6][:dir] = "/etc/tomcat6/"
set[:tomcat6][:conf] = "/etc/tomcat6"
set[:tomcat6][:temp] = "/var/tmp/tomcat6"
set[:tomcat6][:logs] = "/var/log/tomcat6"
set[:tomcat6][:webapp_base_dir] = "/srv/tomcat6/"
set[:tomcat6][:webapps] = File.join(tomcat6[:webapp_base_dir],"webapps")
set[:tomcat6][:user] = "tomcat"
set[:tomcat6][:manager_dir] = File.join(tomcat6[:home],"webapps/manager")
set[:tomcat6][:port] = 8080
set[:tomcat6][:ssl_port] = 8433

Source: http://community.opscode.com/cookbooks/tomcat6/source

Puppet – the other player
• Puppet is another Infrastructure as Code system
• Puppet has its own Ruby DSL, while Chef runs Ruby
natively
• Puppet is considered for sys-admin friendly, where as
Chef is more developer friendly
• IBM has chosen to align with Chef for its cloud
offerings (SmartCloud Orchestrator, SmartCloud
Continuous Delivery)

Chef addresses Patterns of challenges
Differences in dev Backlog of agile Manual (tribal) Lack of feedback and
and ops releases that Ops processes for release quality metric leads to
environments cause cannot handle lack missed service level
failures repeatability/speed targets

Dev Who did
this last
time?
Daily
Build Dave…

Prod Dave’s not
here
Monthly
Delivery man…

DevOps Principles and
Values
• Develop and test against a
production-like system
People
• Iterative and frequent deployments
using repeatable and reliable Process
processes
Tools
• Continuously monitor and validate
operational quality characteristics
• Amplify feedback loops

Delivery Pipeline – Chef is Infrastructure
as Code

Build, Package
,
& Unit Test
.jsp .html Application
Binaries &
Platform Deploy
.java Configuration

.sh chef
recipes
Environment
Deployable Artifacts Running System
Source Artifacts
Source Control Library
Management

Chef and the Delivery Pipeline

• (Re)Build each environment using Chef, on demand
• Ensure each environment is ‘production-like’ in nature
• Re-create any environment from the past (for defect
resolution)

Chef and the Delivery Pipeline

• In some organizations, only Dev and QA may be ready
to be virtualized for Continuous Delivery
• Delivery to Prod would then happen manually, from
Asset Repository

Chef and the Continuous Delivery flow

Test Automation
Cloud Platform Provider

Developer Tools Execute
Request
tests
cloud
resources
Provision
Deliver resources
changes Automation Agent
Post results (execute delivery process)

Source Control and Change
Management server Publish
packages
Retrieve
packages
Trigger
delivery Artifact Library
Post
changes Virtual System

Publish
Build Server packages

49

Wait, there’s more:
IBM’s Weaver
Weaver is a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) based
on the Ruby platform allowing to express
the blueprint of an "environment", how to assemble
and deploy it.
• Weaver is not a competitor to Chef or Puppet.
• There is a gap in how an "environment" and all its component
are specified and interlinked.
• A unified view of an environment is important, i.e., what
application is deployed on what system(s), what are its
configuration values etc with the need to understand and
study numerous Chef recipes or Puppet modules that comprise
the system configuration.
• Weaver allows you to specify that unified view and drive the
deployment from it.
Source: https://jazz.net/wiki/bin/view/Main/SCCDWeaverLanguage

Where to get more
information?
• Chef Documentation
o http://docs.opscode.com/chef/

• IBM SmartCloud Continuous Delivery project
o https://jazz.net/products/smartcloud-continuous-delivery/

• IBM Enterprise DevOps blog
o http://ibm.co/JrPVGR

• Understanding DevOps (Series on my Blog)
o http://bit.ly/MyDevOps

www.ibm.com/software/rational

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2012. All rights reserved. The information contained in these materials is provided for informational purposes only, and is provided AS IS without warranty of any
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Chef for DevOps - an Introduction

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