2. What is Holography
Holography is a technique which enables three-
dimensional images to be made. It involves the
use of a laser, interference, diffraction,
light intensity recording and suitable illumination
of the recording.
The image changes as the position and
orientation of the viewing system changes in
exactly the same way as if the object were still
present, thus making the image appear three-
dimensional.
3. Who invented holography?
Dennis Gabor was
a Hungarian-British electrical
engineer and physicist, most
notable for
inventing holography, for which
he later received the
1971 Nobel Prize in Physics
4. Three dimensional or “holographic” data
storage involves using the entire media
for storage, not just a few layers like we
currently use today.
The process is accomplished by using
two laser beams, instead of one, to
write data to the disk.
5. 1. The object is converted into binary
code of 1’s and 0’s like we use today.
2. Next, the 1’s and 0’s are converted
into a matrix of light and dark squares.
6. 3. Those light and dark squares are then
electronically sent to a spatial light
modulator (SLM).
4. The laser beam then shines through
the spatial light modulator (SLM).
5. Pixels of the spatial light modulator
filter (block or allow) the light thus
encoding the data into the laser beam.
7. SLM
Objective Lens
Cover Layer
Recording Layer
Reflective Layer
Inner: Information
Outer: Reference
Diffracted information
beam (page data)
Diffracted reference
beam (modulated)
Recorded Hologram
8.
9. A green and red laser beam
are collimated in a single beam.
The green laser reads data encoded
as laser interference fringes from
a holographic layer near the top of
the disc.
A red laser is used as the reference
beam to read servoinformation from
a regular CD-style aluminium layer
near the bottom.
Red - 650 nm
Green – 532 nm
10. Many disk prototypes
have been looked at over
the years, however, the
industry standard has
now accepted having
the HVD disk include a
reflective layer in order to
be backward compatible
and to assist with
tracking of the write
beam. Di-isobutylacrylamide
(DBA)
11. A simplified HVD system
consists of the following main
components:
•Blue or green laser (532-nm
wavelength in the test system)
•Beam splitter/merger
•Mirrors
•Spatial light modulator (SLM)
•CMOS sensor
•Photopolymer recording medium
15. In today’s world, digital media is becoming
more and more common and is requiring
more storage to meet the new demands.
More industries are now using digital
storage than ever before.
200 DVD’s can fit on one 1 TB holographic
disk with a future capacity of 6 terabytes.
16. IBM's test platforms can store up to 390
bits per square micron (a micron is a
millionth of a metre). DVDs, by contrast,
have a storage density of about five bits
per square micron.
DVD DVD Blu-Ray Blu-Ray HVD
Number of Layers Single Dual Single Dual 200+/-
Recording Capacity 4.7GB 9.4GB 25GB 50GB 1TB
Data Transfer Rate 11.08Mb/s 11.08Mb/s 36Mb/s 36Mb/s 1GB/s
17. It has been estimated that all the books in the
U.S. Library of Congress, could be stored on six
(6) HVD's.
The pictures of every landmass on Earth
(Google Earth for example) can be stored on
two (2) HVD's.
With MPEG4 ASP encoding, a HVD can hold
between 4,600 to 11,900 hours of video, which
is enough for non-stop playing for a year.
18. Holography allows a million bits of
data to be written and read out in
single flashes of light, enabling data
transfer rates as high as a billion bits
per second (fast enough to transfer a
DVD movie in about 30 seconds).
19.
20. HVD’s have an estimated archival life
expectancy of at least 50 years or more
compared to CD/DVD archival life of 2 to
5 years (even though published life
expectancies are often cited as 10 to 25
years or longer for optical media, it
depends on the storage conditions and
quality of the disks).
21. HVD storage also offers interesting possibilities for data
protection. For mass production, holographic media can
be replicated very efficiently in one simultaneous
transfer from a master. But once written, the replicated
discs cannot be used as masters for further copying.
By adjusting one of its laser beams, Collinear
technology can provide a physical level of on-disk
encryption during recording and reading, which holds
great promise for digital rights management and other
applications requiring high levels of security.
22. Low cost materials needed to come
available which are just now happening
due to other industries utilizing new
technology.
Development of needed components,
in fields outside the storage industry,
have brought the cost down making it
financially viable to proceed.
23. Green lasers now used in the medical,
cable TV, and printing industries are
attractive recording sources due to their
small size, ruggedness and low cost.
Digital micro-mirror devices appearing in
new types of displays are ideal spatial
light modulators (SLM). This overhead
projector for instance uses a SLM.
24. The CMOS active pixel detector arrays
emerging in digital photography exhibit the
rapid access and data transfer properties
required for holography. CMOS sensors
were originally proposed for the detection
of visible light in cameras. In the
holography field, they can detect the light
patterns that are stored on the disks.
25.
26. The Economist, Holographic data storage, Jul 31, 2003,
http://www.economist.com/node/1956881
General Electric Global Research
InPhase Technologies, Longmont, Colorado,
http://www.inphase-technologies.com/
Wikipedia – Holographic Data Storage,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holographic_data_storage
Bell Laboratories Physical Sciences Research, http://www.bell-
labs.com/org/physicalsciences/projects/hdhds/1.html
How Holographic Memory Will Work by Kevin Bosner.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/holographic-memory1.htm
Optware Corporation of America, Longmont, Colorado,
http://www.thic.org/pdf/Jul05/optware.mdeese.050719.pdf
Technology Review, July 2010,
http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/mimssbits/25418/
Notas del editor
Music plays to get attention of audience.
The first papers on holographic storage were published in 1963 Holographic storage is using the entire medium instead of a few layers.You use 2 laser beams instead of one with one carrying the data and the other being a reference beam.
So how do they actually get data onto a holographic disk.Data is converted into binary code just like we do today.Computer binary code is converted into optical patterns of dark and light pixels to represent the 1’s and 0’s.
Spatial light modulators (SLM) are pixelated input devices (liquid crystal panels), used to imprint the data to be stored on the object beam. LargeSpatial Light Modulator’s (SLMs) are placed on overhead projectors to project computer monitor contents to the screen like what is being used today to convey this presentation onto the wall.
Animation showing the information beam and the data beam of the Holographic laser. Where the two beams intersect is where the data is written.By adjusting the reference beam angle, wavelength (color), or media position, a multitude of holograms (theoretically, several thousand) can be stored on a single volume.
Illustration of what the holographic image looks like as it is being written onto the recording layer.
A dichroic mirror layer between the holographic data and the servo data reflects the green laser while letting the red laser pass through. This prevents interference from refraction of the green laser off the servo data pits and is an advance over past holographic storage media, which either experienced too much interference, or lacked the servo data entirely, making them incompatible with current CD and DVD drive technology.The servo beam in the HVD system is at a wavelength that does not photosensitize the polymer recording medium but is used to help track and focus the data. The structure of the disc places a thick recording layer between two substrates and incorporates a dichroic mirror that reflects the blue or green light carrying the reference patternbut allows the red light to pass through in order to gather servo information.
The HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc) format is currently promoted by the HVD Alliance who was formed to discuss the standards for this medium. Optware is also working to standardize the HVD format through the Ecma International industry association (www.ecma-international.org), which develops standards for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Consumer Electronics (CE).
Animation showing the writing process.
Animation showing the reading process.
There are several reasons for the interest in holographic data storage. The biggest and utmost being the demand for more storage from various industries now that everything is digitized.
Dentists are using digital x-rays of teethOptometrists are using digital retinal scansDoctors and the medical field in general are going digital in all their scans.Data Warehousing.Any field that uses large amounts of data which needs to be archived.So the demand for storage space to archive all this additional information is increasing.
Capacity comparison between DVD’s and HVD’s.
The Voyager Golden Records are phonograph records which were included aboard both Voyager spacecraft, which were launched in 1977. They contain sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth, and are intended for any intelligent extraterrestrial life form, or for future humans, who may find them. It contained 116 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, and thunder, and animal sounds, including the songs of birds and whales. To this they added musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings in fifty-five languages. Just think what they could put on a holographic disk (like a dictionary).
Holographic storage records and reads out data in a massively parallel manner, unlike the serial “one bit at a time” approach of traditional technologies. Digital data is stored and recovered as million-bit blocks rather than as single bits, enabling ultrafast data-transfer rates. This means a photograph can be saved in it’s entirety in one flash of light.You are literally recording data at the speed of light.
One bit at a time vs. entire page (60,000 bits) at a time.Flashes of light compared to actually burning the medium.
Archival Life expectancy is an estimated figure do to the environmental conditions that can affect a disk along with the quality and care in storing the disk. Virtually all CD-Rs tested indicated an estimated life expectancy beyond 15 years. Only 47 percent of the recordable DVDs tested indicated an estimated life expectancy beyond 15 years. Some had a predicted life expectancy as short as 1.9 years. Exposure to humidity, temperature, sunlight, mishandling, etc. along with the quality of the recording medium will affect the life expectancy.Counterpoints to this claim are that the evolution of data reader technology changes every ten years; therefore, being able to store data for 50–100 years would not matter if you could not read or access it.
For mass production, holographic media can be replicated very efficiently in one simultaneous transfer from a master. But once written, the replicated discs cannot be used as masters for further copying.By adjusting one of its laser beams, Collinear technology can provide a physical level of on-disk encryption during recording and reading, which holds great promise for digital rights management and other applications requiring high levels of security.
Almost the entire HDSS device can now be made from off-the-shelf components, which means that it could be mass-produced.However, up till now, there was no adequate recording medium to use – kind of like being all dressed up with no place to go.
A digital micro-mirror device, or DMD, is an optical semiconductor that is the core of DLP (Digital Light Processing) projection technology used in some TVs and video projectors.
CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor) convert light into electrons.CMOS traditionally consumes little power.CMOS chips can be fabricated on just about any standard silicon production line, so they tend to be extremely inexpensive.
Key partners that have supplied the parts needed to build a holographic data storage unit.Founding members include CMC Magnetics (manufacturer of optical storage media), Fuji Photo Film (imaging media), Nippon Paint (paints and coating industry), Pulstec (test equipment), Toagosei (chemicals, photoresists, acrylic plastics, etc.) and Optware (research). Toshiba, Matsushita and Konica Minolta have also supported the HVD format.
Various on-line sources were used to create this presentation.