AM PRESENTING U MA SEMINAR SLIDES ON TOPIC "HYPERSONIC AIR BREATHING ENGINES" ROOTED UP BY HELP OF NASA INFORMATION.SINCE I AM INTERESTED IN SPACE STUDIES I CHOOSE THIS,EVENTHOUGH AM A MECH ENGINEER!! ..I KNOW , SOMEONE OR ANYONE BE GAINFUL BY THIS.....DURING MA SEMINAR I HOLD ON MANY SITES TO PROVIDE RELATD SLIDES,BUT THEY ALL NEED REGISTRATION,MONEY AND ALL...BUT ITZ NOT FAIR.!!...SO AM SHARING U WITH THIS.....FOR ANY DOUBTS OR REPORTS,SUPPORTING JOURNELS ,CONTACT ME: sanoojsiddikh@gmail.com

1. PRESENTED BY:
SANOOJ SIDDIKH
S7MECHANICAL
KERALA UNIVERSITY
ROLL NO: 10433039
HYPERSONIC PLANES
WITH AIR BREATHING ENGINE
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2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 NEED TO TRAVEL AT HYPERSONIC SPEED
 BASIC TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
 HISTORY
 BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR HYPERPLANE
 WORKING OF SCRAMJET ENGINE
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCRAMJET & JET ENGINES
 ADAVNTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE(SCRAMJET)
 WORKING OF HYPERPLANE
 X-43A HYPERPLANE
 X-43 LAUNCHING
 FUTURE SCRAMJET ENGINE
 AVATAR HYPERPLANE
 HYPERPLANE FOR FUTURE SPACE MISSION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
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3.  Hyperplanes are multipurpose, fully reusable
aerospace vehicles.
Hydrogen-fuelled, horizontal take off, Doesn't need on
board oxygen.
 They use air-breathing engines and can take-off from
any conventional airport.
 Multipurpose vehicles- passenger, freight ,satellite
launching.
Use scramjet engines air breathing technology.
Nation working for this technology:-
USA(X-43A),INDIA(AVATAR),RUSSIA(XB-70)…
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4. H Y PER PL ANE X - 4 3 A
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5. 2.THE NEED TO TRAVEL AT HYPERSONIC SPEEDS
 Speeds greater than Mach 5 are called hypersonic.
A regular passenger plane - 0.8 Mach, military jets – 2.0
Mach
 According to NASA it is "one of the greatest aeronautical
research challenges”.
 Thus the hyperplanes require normal jet engines for
horizontal take off, a rocket to boost the velocity to
supersonic and a scramjet to sustain the hypersonic speed.
 Faster intercontinental travel
 Allow seamless entry to space and park at space station.
 Defence field: Invisible spy planes and strategic bombers.
 reusable satellite & missile launchers.
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6. 3. BASIC TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
To develop a non rocket engine which can attain
hypersonic speeds.
So scramjets with air breathing engine's are used.
 Development of advanced materials like titanium, its alloys
and other composite materials.
 The development of new cryogenic fuels and the modern
methods of handling them is a major challenge.
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7. 4. HISTORY
The rocket powered Bell X1 flown in 1947 by Chuck
Yeager(Mach ).
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8.  In 1960’s during cold war America developed XB-7O
Valkyrie (Mach 3.08) to be used instead of ICBM’s.
 During cold war time Soviets developed a plane Su T4
With Mach 1.28.
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9. The North American X-15 rocket-powered experimental
aircraft in 1960 with Mach 6.7 by NASA.
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10. 5. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR A HYPERPLANE
 JET ENGINES
 For horizontal take off, power the air craft to height
required for the working of ramjet engines.
 Used Since a scramjet engine cannot be started from zero
velocity.
 BOOSTER ROCKET ENGINE
 All space vehicle, rely on a rocket that is integrated with
scramjet combustor.
 Ramjet operation is followed by scramjet propulsion to at
least Mach 10 or 12. Above Mach 18, the rocket by itself
propels the vehicle into orbit and enables it to maneuver in
space.
 Runs at speed of supersonic range.
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11.  SCRAMJET AIR BREATHING ENGINE
 Variation of a ramjet with supersonic combustion.
 Top speed of a scramjet engine(without additional oxidizer
input)vary between Mach 12 and Mach 24(orbital velocity).
 main difference from a rocket ,it collects O2 from the air to
burn its fuel.
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12. 6.WORKING OF A SCRAMJET ENGINE
 An object moving at high speed through air generates a
high pressure region in front and a low pressure region to
the rear.
Uses this high pressure, forceful compression and
decelerate the incoming air before combustion.
Air is heated by combusting with fuel.
Through diverging nozzle , the heated air is accelerated to
produce thrust.
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13. Unlike a typical jet engine, like turbojet or turbofan engine,
scramjet does not use rotating, fan-like components to
compress the air.
It have higher efficiency due to less weight.
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14. 6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCRAMJET AND JET ENGINES
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15. 7.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
SCRAMJET ENGINES
ADVANTAGES
scramjet does not contain any moving parts like
compressor blades, turbine blades etc,so weightless.
No compression to subsonic velocities as compared to jets.
Due to less moving parts & it consist only a constricted
tube,So mechanical failures due to moving parts are
avoided.
No need for carrying oxidizer.
Operational cost is less than space shuttles.
Active cooling.
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16. DISADVANTAGES
A scramjet cannot produce efficient thrust unless boosted
to high speed(Mach 5).
Testing scramjet designs use extremely expensive
hypersonic test chambers or expensive launch vehicles.
Lack of stealth.
High maintenance cost.
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17. 8.THE WORKING OF A HYPERPLANE
The aircraft is first propelled by rocket engines/another
planes to the required height.
Because neither scramjets nor
ramjets can operate efficiently when
they are traveling below Mach 2 or 3.
Rocket provide thrust from takeoff
through subsonic, low-supersonic and then ramjet speeds.
X-43A's scramjet,ramjet scoops air from the atmosphere,
making the aircraft lighter.
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18.  Ramjet operation is then followed by scramjet propulsion
to at least Mach 10 or 12.
 Above Mach 18, the rocket by itself propels the vehicle into
orbit.
The landing procedures begin by the switching off of the
scramjet engines.
Then the horizontal flight is done using normal jet engines
and lands like a normal aircraft.
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19. 9.X-43A HYPERPLANE
It is a rocket propelled; air-breathing engine vehicle to fly
at hypersonic speeds.
Take O2 from atmosphere for ramjet&scramjetfunctioning.
The hydrogen-fuelled aircraft has a wingspan-5 feet,12 feet
long and weighs about 2,800 pounds.
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20. first unpiloted X-43A and its Pegasus booster rocket will be
air-launched from a B-52.
The booster will accelerate the X-43A to Mach 7 at
approximately 95,000 feet.
At booster burnout, the X-43 separate from the booster and
fly under its own power on a pre-programmed flight path.
Finally it followed Mach 10 by scramjet thrust.
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21. ‹#›

22. 10. X-43A MISSION PROFILE
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23. 11. FUTURE OF SCRAMJET ENGINES, NASP
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24. 12. AVATAR HYPERPLANE
 AVATAR (Aerobic Vehicle for hypersonic Aerospace
Transportation).
 conceptual single-stage reusable planes with horizontal launch.
 For cheaper military&civilian satellite launches.
 To deliver a payload up 1000kg to low earth orbit in cheap rate.
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25. 13.HYPERPLANE FOR FUTURE SPACE MISSIONS
 X-43A,X-43 B,X43 D, BOEING X-51A by NASA.
 AVATAR hyperplane by ISRO & DRDO(INDIA).
 BLACKSWIFT- A joint project between
the Defence Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA) and
the United States Air Force (USAF).
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26. 14.CONCLUSION
After successful X-43A flight test, confidence in the
viability of the hydrogen- and hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet
engines increased.
NASA plans to launch another hypersonic vehicle this fall
with the goal of flying the aircraft at 15 times the speed of
sound, or 6750 mph.
Demonstrating these technologies, along with additional
ground- and flight-test experiments, will pave the way for
affordable and reusable air breathing hypersonic
propulsion systems such as missiles, long range aircraft and
space-access vehicles around 2010, 2015, 2025, respectively
by all nations.
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27. REFERENCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_X-43.
http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov.com
http://www.strategycenter.net
http://www.howstuffworks.com/air-breathing-
rocket2.htm
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/FactSheet
s/FS-040-DFRC.html
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