Chapter 1

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies?
Please discontinue use
of cell phone
and turn off the ringer.
 What is a Computer?
 The Power of Connections
 What Can Computers Do?
 Information Systems
 Using Digital Technologies to Succeed in
Your Career
 Using Digital Technologies to Achieve
Personal Goals
 Information Security and the Social Impact
and Implications of Digital Technologies
Why Study Computers and
Digital Technologies?
Chapter 1

Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Why Study Computers and Digital Technologies? >
Computer Literacy
 A working understanding of the fundamentals of
the computers and their uses.
Was for desktops only. Now for everything
 Technology: tools material and processes that
help solve human problems.
 Digital: technologies and devices based on digits
(numbers)
 Digital electronic device: a device that stores
and processes bits electronically.

A Computer is…
 A digital electronics device
that combines hardware and
software to accept the input
of data, process and store
the data, and produce some
useful output.
Tangible
components
Electronic
instructions

Hardware, software
 Hardware are tangible components of a
computer system. Or a digital device
 Software comprises the electronic
instructions that govern the computer
system’s functioning

Digital Technology
 Technology refers to tools,
materials, and processes
that help solve human
problems.
 Many of today’s
technologies fall under the
classification of digital
electronics.

Digital Electronics
 Digital electronics devices store and process
bits electronically.
A bit represents data using 1’s and 0’s
Eight bits is a byte – the standard grouping
in digital electronics
Digitization is the process of transforming
information into 1’s and 0’s
For more on digitization:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitization
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/analog-digital.htm
http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/317

What is a bit and a byte
 A bit is a Binary Digit.
The word binary means it is one of two things
In the digital world Binary usually refers to either
0 and 1
 A byte is a group of 8 bits of any order

Everything is 0’s and 1’s
How many different combinations can
you get from 0’s and 1’s
 In a byte you can get 256 different combinations
 HOW?
 Look at an ASCII TABLE
 http://educate.intel.com/en/TheJourneyInside/InstructionalS
trategies/IS_DigitalInformation/iwb_image7.htm

Knowledge Worker
 Today’s well-equipped
knowledge worker makes use
of many digital technologies.

Producing Valuable Information
 Data: items stored on a digital electronics
device: numbers, characters, & sounds
 Information: data organized and presented in
a manner that provides value to the user:
documents, graphs,
music, photos

Data vs. Information
Data
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 6.82
 7.12
 7.06
SIRIUS SATELLITE RADIO INC.
$5.80
$6.00
$6.20
$6.40
$6.60
$6.80
$7.00
$7.20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Last 10 Days
StockPrice
Information

Microprocessor
 Sometimes called a chip or
just a processor, combines
microscopic electronic
components on a single
integrated circuit that
processes bits according to
software instructions.

Digital Technology Metrics
Kilo, Mega, Giga, what comes next?

Types of computers
Personal computers
Servers
Supercomputers
Special purpose computers

 Key Terms
Desktop computer
Notebook computer
Netbooks
Tablet PC
Smart phone
Personal Computer (PC)
Examples:
www.hp.com
www.apple.com
www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/tabletpc

Desktop Computer (PC)
Many brands
Dell, HP, Sony, etc
Custom built.
Components are apart

Notebook and netbook
Notebook are often called
laptops
Different sizes (powerful)
NetBooks are like note book
but are smaller and (less
powerful)

Tablet PC
Small portable personal computers
Has touch-screen
Handheld computers or PDAs
(personal digital assistant) was also a
type of computers but mainly
replaced by smart cell phones

Smart Cell phones
Replaced PDA’s
Has everything you want (except
the kitchen’s sink)
Web browsing
Email checking
Sound recorder
Camera
Others

Synchronize
 When you
synchronize or sync
two digital devices,
you update the files
shared between the
devices so that both
copies are up-to-date
and identical.

Computing Platform
 A computer’s type,
processor, and operating
system define its computing
platform.

Servers
 Powerful computers with
multiple processors and big
memory
 Run 365 days a year (24/7)
 Many types
Web server
File server
Print server
Email server
Mainframe servers

Super computers
 Most powerful computers
 Handle extreme computation
stress

Types of General Purpose
Computer Systems
Personal Computer (PC)
Workstation
Powerful, multiprocessor,
special-purpose PC
Server
Powerful, multiprocessor
computers that provide
services to many users over a
network
Supercomputer
Most powerful with fastest
processing speeds

Special-Purpose Computers
 A kiosk is a computer
station that provides the
public with specific and
useful information and
services.
The processor and operating system used
in the Kindle allow users to connect to the
Kindle store, where books, magazines,
newspapers, and blogs are available to
download for a fee.

 Key Terms
Telecommunications
Computer Networks
Protocols
The Internet
World Wide Web
Wireless Network
Wi-Fi
The Power of Connections

Telecommunications &
Computer Networks
 Telecommunications
are communications that
take place electronically
over a distance.
 A computer network is
a telecommunications
network that connects
two or more computers
for data communications.

The Internet & Web
 The Internet is the
world's largest public
computer network, a
network of networks,
that provides a vast
array of services.
 The Web is an
Internet service that
provides convenient
access to information
through hyperlinks
1,463,632,361
Internet Users
& Growing

Wireless Campus
Wireless Networking
 Wireless networks use radio signals
rather than cables to connect users.
 Wi-fi is a popular wireless standard.
Wi-fi
Access
Point

Digital convergence
 The integration of two or more digital technologies into one
device

 Key Terms
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Automation
VoIP
Database
What Can Computers Do?

The Computer and Human Relationship
 The creative and
interpersonal
endeavors that people
find most engaging,
computers are ill suited
to perform … as of yet.

Computation
 Computers were
invented to compute
– calculate solutions
to mathematical
problems.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
deals with simulating human
thought and behavior in
computers.

Automation
 Automation
involves utilizing
computers to
control otherwise
human actions
and activities.

Communication
 Computer systems control,
support, or provide many forms
of communication.
E-mail
Instant messaging
Blogs
Social networking

Entertainment
 Digital technologies not only enrich people’s
entertainment experiences, but also have
revolutionized entertainment distribution.

Information
 A Computer-based
Information System
(CBIS) uses these
components to
manage and distribute
information.
Database is a
collection of data
stored on a computer
and organized to meet
users’ needs.

 Key Terms
Information technology (IT)
Systems development
Transaction support system (TPS)
Management Information System (MIS)
Decision Support System (DSS)
Expert System
Information Systems

Information Technology (IT)
 IT can be defined as issues related to the
components of a computer-based information
system.

Information Systems
 Systems
development is
the activity of
creating or
modifying existing
information
systems.
NASA scientists use management information systems to examine the data
sent from Mars Rovers.

E-Commerce
 refers to the buying and selling of products or services over
electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer
networks.

Management Information
System
 A management information system (MIS) provides information
which is needed to manage organizations efficiently and
effectively. Management information systems involve three
primary resources: people, technology, and information
 MIS usually takes data from the transaction processing
systems and summarize it into a series of management reports.

Expert System
 computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a
human expert.
 Netflix Cinematch

 Key Terms
Information Security
Hacker
Digital divide
Information Security and the Social
Impact of Digital Technologies

Information Security
 Information security refers to
the protection of information
systems and the information they
manage against unauthorized
access, use, manipulation, or
destruction, and against the
denial of service to authorized
users.
More on Info Sec at
www.cert.org
www.whitehouse.gov/pcipb/
www.issa.org
Hacker
an individual who subverts
computer security without
authorization.

Best Hackers
 http://www.focus.com/fyi/top-10-most-
famous-hackers-all-time/
 Jonathan James:
juvenile to be sent to prison for hacking. He
was sentenced at 16 years old.
installed a backdoor into a Defense Threat
Reduction Agency server.
cracked into NASA computers, stealing
software worth approximately $1.7 million.

Jonathan James
 James explained that he downloaded the code
to supplement his studies on C programming,
but contended, "The code itself was crappy . . .
certainly not worth $1.7 million like they
claimed

The Impact of Digital
Technologies on the World
 Digital divide: gap between those individuals
and communities that have, and do not have,
access to the information technologies that
are transforming our lives

Computer platform
 Cpu
 OS
 And the computer type

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