1. “Wireless AMR system
using ZigBee technology”
By
Sarang D. Patil
Under the Guidance of
Prof. S. N. Pawar
Department of Electronics &
Telecommunication

2. Topics to be covered
• Problem statement
• AMR system
• AMR system structure & types
• Brief introduction to ZigBee technology & 802.15.4
standard
• ZigBee architecture
• ZigBee devices overview
• System block diagram & Ckt. Diagrams
• Flowcharts for server client & microcontroller
• Demo of the system

3. Problem statement
• Present energy measurement system is
error prone & highly inaccurate.
• Errors gets introduced in every stage of
measurement
• Present system is also not environment
friendly
• Electromechanical meters can easily get
manipulated

4. AMR system
• AMR system provides solution to all above
problems
• It is a technology which collects consumption,
diagnostic & status data from metering devices
& transfers that data to central system for billing
or analysis
• Two types of AMR system
– Wired AMR system
• Based on RS485 BUS
– Wireless AMR system
• GSM based
• ZigBee based

5. Requirements of AMR system
• Low Power consumption
• Large no of devices in Single network
• Ability to add or remove devices
• Range of the devices
• Free to use technology
• All these requirements are fulfilled by
ZigBee

6. Structure of wireless AMR
system

7. Why ZigBee only ??
• Low Power consumption
• Ability of device to stay sleep
• Ability to add or remove devices
• Ability to mesh network
• Large battery life(approximately 2 years &
above)
• Device range up to 100 meters
• Free to use

8. What is ZigBee?
•ZigBee is wireless networking technology.
•It is based on IEEE802.15.4 standard.
•ZigBee technology is a low data rate, low power
consumption, wireless networking protocol targeted
towards automation and remote control applications.
•Developed by ZigBee Alliance.

9. IEEE 802.15.4 standard
• Simple packet data protocol for lightweight wireless
networks(up to 250Kbps)
• Specifies the Physical (PHY) and Medium Access
Control (MAC) layers for Multiple Radio Frequency (RF)
bands(868MHz, 915MHz, & 2.4GHz).
• It is designed to provide reliable data transmission up to
100 meters or more
• ZigBee technology takes full Advantage of this standard

10. 802.15.4/ZigBee Architecture
Application
• Application Support Sub Layer
ZigBee • Network Layer
• Channel acquisition
• Contention mgt
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC • NIC address
• Error Correction
IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 • Packet generation
• Packet reception
868/915 MHz 2400 MHz
• Data transparency
PHY PHY • Power Management

11. ZigBee Architecture (contd..)
• PHY layer and MAC layer are defined by IEEE 802.15.4
• Physical layer concerns with interface with physical
medium(radio)
• It exchanges data bit with physical medium
• Also with MAC layer
• MAC layer is responsible for addressing of data
• For outgoing data it determines destination address of
data
• For incoming it tracks from where data is coming

12. ZigBee Architecture (contd..)
• Network layer(NWK) handle network addressing
and routing its functions are:
• Starting network
• Assigning network address
• Adding devices to and removing devices from network
• Routing messages to their intended destinations
• Applying security to outgoing messages
• Application support sub layer(APS) is
responsible for communication with relevant
application.

13. ZigBee Channel Allocation
Channel 0 Channels 1-10
2 MHz
868MHz / 915MHz
PHY
868.3 MHz 902 MHz 928 MHz
2.4 GHz
PHY 5 MHz
Channels 11-26
2405MHz 2475MHz

14. ZigBee Devices
• ZigBee network has 3 types of devices
– ZigBee Coordinator(ZC)
• Backbone of entire network
• Act as Bridge between 2 networks
– ZigBee Router(ZR)
• Optional network component
• Participates in multi hop routing of packets
– ZigBee End Device(ZED)
• can communicate only with coordinator
• Does not participate in routing

15. ZigBee topologies

16. Wireless AMR system
block Diagram
Microcontroller ZigBee
Digital meter 1
(reading converter) transmitter
Zigbee
ZigBee
receive
Receiver
r
Microcontroller ZigBee
Digital meter 2 transmitter
(reading converter)
ZigBee to
SERVER TCP/IP
conversion

17. Block Diagram explanation
•Digital meter counts units consumed in the form of
pulses
• these pulses are given to microcontroller.
•Microcontroller gives this data to Zigbee module.
•Zigbee module transmit it in 2.4 GHz band.
•Zigbee receiver receives it.
•This data packets are converted into TCP/IP packets
through PC
•All these data packets are collected at server and
added user’s account.

18. Transmitter section

19. Explanation of Transmitter Circuit
•Digital meter is connected to microcontroller pin RA0.
• Digital meter gives reading in the form of pulses.
•These pulses are counted in microcontroller PIC16F77 and
appropriate reading is generated.
•Microcontroller sends this data to Zigbee module ZMN2405HPC
serially.
•Zigbee module is connected to microcontroller through pin RB1 &
RB2.
•External flash ROM ST2404is connected to microcontroller at RD0 &
RD1 to store data.
•LCD display is connected to display process performed by
microcontroller.
•LCD operates on 4bit data mode.
•To supply power to this circuit 5V DC power supply is designed
separately.

20. Receiver section

21. System’s main components
• LM 7805
• ZMN2405
• MAX-232
• PIC16F77

22. Features of PIC16F77
Operating Frequency DC - 20 MHz
RESETS POR, BOR
FLASH Program Memory (14-bit words) 8K
Data Memory (bytes) 368
Interrupts 12
I/O Ports Ports A,B,C,D,E
Timers 3
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2
Serial Communications SSP, USART
8-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 8 Input Channel
Instruction Set 35 Instructions
Packaging 40-pin PDIP

23. Features of ZMN2405
Operating Frequency Range 2405 to 2475 MHz
Operating Frequency Tolerance -300 to 300 kHz
Spread Spectrum Method Direct Sequence
Modulation Type O-QPSK
Number of RF Channels 15
RF Data Transmission Rate 250 kb/s
Symbol Rate Tolerance 120 ppm
RF Channel Spacing 5 MHz
Upper Adjacent Channel Rejection, +5 MHz 41 dB
Lower Adjacent Channel Rejection, -5 MHz 30 dB
Maximum RF Transmit Power 17 dBm
Optimum Antenna Impedance 50 Ω

24. START
START
CREATE SERVER CREATE SERVER SOCKET
SOCKET
IS LOG FILE IS IS LOG FILE IS
CREATED CREATED
CREATE LOG. TXT FILE CREATE LOG. TXT FILE
SWITCH TO TCP SERVER
LISTEN MODE
IS COMM PORT IS
CREATE NEW SOCKET CONNECTED STOP
CONNECTION
GIVE IP ADDRESS OF SERVER
IS CONNECTION IS
ESTABLISHED
IS CONNECTION IS
ESTABLISHED
GET DATA FROM CLIENT
B A C

25. C
A
B SEND IP ADDRESS TO SERVER
IS CLOSE SEND DATA TO SERVER
BUTTON IS
PRESSED
IS SWITCH IS
PRESSED
TERMINATE ALL
CONNECTIONS
UPDATE DATALOG FILE
SEND DATA TO SERVER
CLOSE SERVER
IS STOP
STOP BUTTON IS
PRESSED
CLOSE CONNECTION
STOP

26. Experimental results of the
system
Coverage performance

27. Power consumption of the
system
• Power consumption of power consumption
only coordinator has In active mode:
been measured 33 mA x 100ms / (60 x 60 x
• It is always in sleep 1000)
mode = 0.0091 µAH
• It remain active only for In sleep mode
100mS for reception of
data 3µA x 30 minutes/60
= 1.5 µAH
state Voltage current
active 5V 33mA
Sleep 5V 3µA

28. Publications
• IJECET(impact factor 3.5930(calculated
by GISI)) (ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online))
Volume 3, Issue 2, July- September
(2012), pp. 107-115
• IJERT (ISSN: 2278-0181) (Vol. 1 Issue 4,
June – 2012)
• IJ-CA-ETS(ISSN: 0974-3596 ) ( APRIL
2012- SEPTEMBER 2012 | Volume 4 :
Issue 2)

29. Interactive
session

30. Thank you