This presentation is about how the eclipse occures.

1. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı
Mehmet Akif Ersoy Primary School
Malatya

2. ECLIPSE OF THE SUN

3. SOLAR ECLIPSES
• GÜNEŞTUTULMASI
• é’clipse de soleil
• eclisse di sole

4. ECLIPSE AND CULTURE
• Across the centuries, the
Sun’s eclipse has been
considered as an evil or a bad
omen.
• The early cultures saw the
Sun as a life-giver in its
unfailing everyday
appearance.So, something
that could actually undo the
Sun was naturally reckoned
as terribly bad event filled
with foreboding.

5. ECLIPSE AND CULTURE

6. • Despite the awareness of the true nature
of this natural phenomena in contemporary
living, many people continue to beat
drums, gongs, pots and pans or fire guns into the
air or simply hide indoors. The event has been
associated with calamities ranging from
wars,floods and famines to political upheavals
and personal misfortunes.

7. WHAT IS AN ECLIPSE OF THE SUN?
• The total eclipse of the Sun is the most
spectacular event in all of Nature!
• Few people have ever witnessed one, but
once seen it is an experience never to be
forgetten. The Moon’s dark shadow plunges you
into an eerie twilight and the Sun’s mysterious
and incredibly beautiful corona is revealed.

8. THE MOON
• The Moon is a cold ,rocky body about 2.160 miles
(3.476 km) in diameter. It has no light of its own but
shines by sunlight reflected from its surface.
• The Moon orbits the Earth about once every 29 and a
half days.
• As it circles our planet ,the changing position of the
Moon with respect to the Sun causes our natural satellite
to cycle through a series of phases.

9. WHY DO ECLIPSES OCCUR?
• Phases of the Moon
• New Moon>New Crescent>First
Quarter>Waxıng Gibbous>Full Moon >
Waning Gibbous>Last Quarter>Old
Crescent>New Moon (again)

10. • An eclipse of the Sun (or solar eclipse) can only
occur at NEW MOON when the Moon passes
between Earth and the Sun.
• If the Moon’s shadow happens to fall upon
Earth’s surface at that time we see some portion
of the sun’s disk covered or ‘eclipsed’ by the
Moon.

11. WHY DO SOLAR ECLIPSES
NOT OCCUR EVERY MONTH?
• Since New Moon occurs every 29 ½ days you
may think that we should have a solar eclipse
about once a month.
• Unfortunately this does not happen. Because
the Moon’s orbit around Earth is tilted 5 degrees
to Earth’s orbit around the Sun. As a result, it
passes above or below our planet at New Moon.

12. • At least twice a year ,the geometry lines up just
right so that some part of the Moon’s shadow
falls on Earth’s surface and an eclipse of the Sun
is seen in that region.
Geometry of the Sun, Earth and Moon During an Eclipse of the Sun

13. THE MOON’S SHADOW
ACTUALLY HAS TWO PARTS
• 1.PENUMBRA
• The Moon’s faint outer shadow.
• Partial solar eclipses are visible from
within the penumbral shadow.
• 2.UMBRA
• The Moon’s dark inner shadow.
• Total solar eclipses are visible from
within the umbral shadow.

14. TYPES OF ECLIPSES
• PARTIAL
• TOTAL
• ANNULAR
• HYBRID

15. PARTIAL ECLIPSES
• When the Moon’s penumbral shadow strikes
Earth, we see a partial eclipse of Sun from that
region.
• Partial eclipses are dangerous to look at
because un-eclipsed part of the Sun is still very
bright. You must use special filters or home
made pinhole projector to safely watch a partial
eclipse of the Sun.

16. TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSES AND
PATH OF TOTALITY
• If the Moon’s inner or umbral shadow
sweeps across Earth’s surface ,then a total
eclipse of the Sun is seen.
• The track of the Moon’s umbral shadow across
Earth is called the ‘Path of totality’.

17. WHY IS A TOTAL ECLIPSE ONLY SEEN
OVER A SMALL AREA ON EARTH?
• It is typically 10.000 miles long only about 100
miles wide. It covers less than %1 of Earth’S
entire surface area. In order to see the Sun
become completely eclipsed by the Moon,you
must be somewhere inside the narrow path of
totality.
• The phase of a solar eclipse is very brief. It
rarely lasts more than several minutes. The
Corona can only be seen during the few brief
minutes of totality.

18. STEPS OF TOTALITY

19. STEPS OF TOTALITY
FIRST CONTACT
Partial eclipse : twelve minutes
into the eclipse almost 1/5 of the
sun’s diameter is obscurred.

20. STEPS OF TOTALITY
Partial eclipse : Nearly ½ of the
Sun’s disk is eclipsed.
Partial eclipse : 18 minutes
before total eclipse begins about
80% of the Sun’s diameter is
gone!
(TSE of 1999 August 11 Lake Hazar Turkey)

21. DIAMOND RING AT 2 ND CONTACT
Before totality begins, the corona
appears during diamond ring
effect.
(TSE of 1999 August 11 Lake Hazar Turkey)

22. OUTER VISUAL
CORONA CORONA
(TSE of 1999 August 11 Lake Hazar Turkey)

23. FINAL DIAMOND RING
(TSE of 1999 August 11 Lake Hazar Turkey)
At 3rd contact the diamond ring effect heralds
the end of totality.

24. Partial eclipse : Nearly 4/5 of the Sun’s diameter
is still covered by the Moon.

25. Partial eclipse : Half of the Sun’s diameter is
still covered 40 minutes after the totality ends.

26. Partial eclipse : The final 20% of the Sun remains
covered by the Moon.

27. Animation of TSE

28. ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSES
• Unfortunately, not every eclipse of the Sun is a
total eclipse. Sometimes the Moon is too small to
cover the entire Sun’s disk .
• When the Moon is near side of its orbit, the
Moon appears larger than the Sun.
• If an eclipse occurs at that time, it will be total
eclipse. However, if an eclipse occurs while the
Moon is on the far side of its orbit, the Moon
appears smaller than the Sun and can’t
completely cover it. If an eclipse occurs at that
time it will be ‘Annular Solar Eclipse’.

29. ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE

30. THE HYBRID ECLIPSE
• A hybrid ,or annular/total, eclipse is an eclipse
which is seen as annular by some parts of the
Earth, and total by others (and also as a partial
eclipse over a much larger area)
• This image illustrates how a hybrid eclipse can
occur.

31. • The Moon is just far
enough from the Earth
that umbra can’t reach
the ‘sides’ of the Earth
so, as the eclipse begins,
the western portions of
the Earth see an annular
eclipse as the day begins,
in the diagram, observers
in the ‘outer’parts of the
eclipse track, coloured
green, see an annular
eclipse.

32. • As the eclipse path
Moves on, the umbra has
less for to travel to reach
the Earth, and is just long
enough to reach the
‘’centre’’ so observes in
the area coloured blue
above see a total eclipse.
• People standing near,
but not in, the annular/
total eclipse track, would
see a normal partial
eclipse.

33. HOW TO VIEW AN ECLIPSE
• EYE SAFETY
• Do not try to view the Sun directly with the
naked eye or through an optical equipment
without proper solar filter.
• Human eye does not sense any pain in
case of a direct sunlight!
• The Sun can be viewed safely with naked
eye only during the total solar eclipse.

34. HOW TO VIEW AN ECLIPSE

35. • Partical eclipses, annular eclipses and the
partial phases of total eclipses are never safe to
watch without taking special precautions.
• Even when 99% of the Sun’s surface is
obscured during a partial phases of a total
eclipse, the remaining photospheric crescent is
intensely bright and cannot be viewed safety
without eye protection.
• Do not attempt to observe the partial or annular
phases of any eclipse with the naked eye.

36. HOW TO MAKE A SIMPLE PINHOLE
PROJECTOR TO VIEW TSE SAFELY
There are safe ways to view the sun. The
simplest requires only a long box (at least 6 feet
long), a piece of aluminum foil, a pin, and a sheet
of white paper.
1. Find or make a long box or tube

37. HOW TO MAKE A SIMPLE PINHOLE
PROJECTOR TO VIEW TSE SAFELY
2. Cut a hole in the center of one end of the box.
3. Tape a piece of foil over the hole.
4. Poke a small hole in the foil with a pin.

38. HOW TO MAKE A SIMPLE PINHOLE
PROJECTOR TO VIEW TSE SAFELY
5. Cut a viewing hole in the side of the box.
6. Put a piece of white paper inside the end of the
box near the viewing portal.

39. HOW TO MAKE A SIMPLE PINHOLE
PROJECTOR TO VIEW TSE SAFELY
Point the end of the box with the
pinhole at the sun so that you see a round
image on the paper at the other end. If
you are having trouble pointing, look at
the shadow of the box on the ground.
Move the box so that the shadow looks
like the end of the box (so the sides of the
box are not casting a shadow). The round
spot of light you see on the paper is a
pinhole image of the sun. Do not look
through the pinhole at the sun! Look only
at the image on the paper.

40. TSE THAT WE OBSERVED
IN TURKEY ON 29 th
MARCH 2006
On Wednesday, 29th March 2006, the shadow of the Moon swept a band
starting from Brazil, through Atlantic Ocean, Gold Coast of Africa, Saharan
Dessert, Mediterranean Sea, Turkey, Black Sea, Georgia, Russian Federation,
northern shores of Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan; ending in Mongolia. The
duration of totality was less than 2 minutes near the sunrise and sunset limits,
but as long as 4 minutes and 7 seconds in Libya, at the moment of greatest
eclipse. The path of totality was 180 kilometers wide at that moment.
It was observed over many regions in Turkey. March 29th, 2006 Total Solar
Eclipse had a duration of totality of about 4 minutes in Antalya.

44. MOON’S SHADOW ON THE EARTH

45. SKY DURING THE ECLIPSE

46. SHADOWS

47. SHADOWS
Projected images of the Sun may be seen on the ground in the small
openings created by interlacing fingers, or in the dappled sunlight
beneath a leafy tree.
Binoculars can also be used to project a magnified image of the Sun
on a white card, but you must avoid the temptation of using these
instruments for direct viewing.

48. MAP OF ECLIPSES

49. SOURCES
• http://astronomy.science.ankara.edu.tr
• http://www.tug.tubitak.gov.tr
• http://derman.science.ankara.edu.tr
• http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/astronomy
• Fred Espenak’s web site(nasa)
• http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/solar.html
• http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/solar.html
• http://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/how.html
• http://www.colorsofindia.com/eclipse/ecliseculture.html

52. Coordinator : Şengül ARSLAN
E-Mail : sengularslan1@hotmail.com
Phone Number : +90 532 515 79 71
MAE Primary School - 2008