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Agriculture,[object Object],Presented By:,[object Object],SaurabhSingh,[object Object]
History of agriculture,[object Object],[object Object]
 Settled life soon followed with implements and techniques being developed for agriculture.
Double monsoonsled to two harvests being reaped in one year.
Indian products soon reached the world via existing trading networks and foreign crops were introduced to India.,[object Object]
 Land and water management systems were developed with an aim of providing uniform growth.
Despite some stagnation during the later modern era the independent Republic of Indiawas able to develop a comprehensive agricultural program,[object Object]
Agriculture in India at a glance,[object Object],Agriculture  has made rapid strides since independence:,[object Object],From food shortage and import to self-sufficiency and exports. ,[object Object],From subsistence farming to intensive and technology led cultivation. ,[object Object],Today, India is the front ranking producer of many crops in the world. ,[object Object],Ushered in through the green, white, blue and yellow revolutions.,[object Object]
India’s competitive advantage ,[object Object],Diverse agro climatic conditions,[object Object],Sufficiency of Inputs ,[object Object],Reasonable labour costs,[object Object]
OUTLINE OF AREA UNDER CULTIVATION,[object Object],Total Geographical Area - 328 million hectares ,[object Object],Net Area sown - 142 million hectares ,[object Object],Gross Cropped Area - 190.8 million hectares ,[object Object]
India’s position in world Agriculture,[object Object],Rank,[object Object],Total Area                                                    Seventh,[object Object],Irrigated Area                                               First,[object Object],Population                                                   Second,[object Object],Economically Active population               Second,[object Object],Total Cereals                                               Third,[object Object],Wheat                                                           Second,[object Object],Rice                                                              Second,[object Object],Coarse grains                                              Fourth,[object Object],Total Pulses                                                 First,[object Object],Oil Seeds                                                      Second,[object Object],Fruits and Vegetables                                Second,[object Object],Implements (Tractors)                                Third       ,[object Object],Milk                                                               First,[object Object],Live Stock (castles, Buffaloes)                  First,[object Object]
Major Crop Production,[object Object],Rice 89.5 million tonnes ,[object Object],Wheat 75.6 million tonnes ,[object Object],Coarse Cereals 30.5 million tonnes ,[object Object],Pulses 13.4 million tonnes ,[object Object],Oilseeds 20.9 million tonnes ,[object Object],Sugarcane 29.9 million tonnes ,[object Object]
Indian and Australian Agriculture Economy
Major Achievements of Agriculture in India:,[object Object],Largest producer of pulses, tea and milk in the world ,[object Object],Second Largest producer of fruits, vegetables, wheat, rice, groundnut and sugarcane. ,[object Object]
India’s Agricultural Export Potentials,[object Object],Marine Products ,[object Object],Rice ,[object Object],Wheat ,[object Object],Condiments and Spices ,[object Object],Cashew ,[object Object],Tea and Coffee ,[object Object],Castor ,[object Object],Jute ,[object Object],Fruits and Vegetables- Onions, Mango, Grapes, Banana, Tomato, Potato, Lichi,[object Object]
Harvesting Season,[object Object],There are three main crop seasons, namely, kharif, rabi and summer. ,[object Object],Major kharifcrops are rice, jowar, bajra, maize, cotton, sugarcane, soya bean and groundnut. ,[object Object],Major rabi crops are wheat, barley, gram, linseed, rapeseed and mustard. Rice, maize and groundnut are grown in summer season also. ,[object Object]
INSIGHTS INTO THE INDIAN AGRICULTURE,[object Object],Number of cows globally: 1.5 billion ,[object Object],Number of cows in India: 200 million ,[object Object],Milk production 2001-2002: 84.6 million tonnes,[object Object],People who are farmers: almost 550 million,[object Object],Number of agricultural labourers: about 200 million (many with daily wages  below 10 Rs per day) ,[object Object],Cultivation which is rain-dependent: nearly 60 percent,[object Object], Interest rates charged by "moneylenders" and local "businessmen" for a small agricultural loan:100 to 450 % ,[object Object],Government spending for the agricultural sector: 8 percent of the annual budget,[object Object],Total of arable land which is not irrigated: nearly 63 percent.,[object Object], Bank credit allocated for agriculture: 12% of total bank credit in India.,[object Object],Disparity in average income between farmers and non-farmers: 5 times (non-farmers earn 5 times more than farmers).,[object Object]
Contd..,[object Object],Production of fruit and vegetables by India: 14% of world wide production ,[object Object],India's export of fruit and vegetables: 1 % of world's fruit/veg exports ,[object Object],India has the largest area in the world under pulse crops ,[object Object],India is the first in the world to evolve a cotton hybrid. ,[object Object],India has the world's highest percentage of arable land to the total geographical area, in the world. ,[object Object],About 50% of India's geographical area is used for agricultural activity. ,[object Object],About 80 percent of India's farmland is used to grow India's main foods--grains and pulses, the seeds of various pod vegetables, such as beans, chickpeas, and pigeon peas. ,[object Object],India has the world's largest cattle and buffalo population. ,[object Object],Dairy accounts for nearly 26% of the total value of agricultural output. ,[object Object],India grows more than half of the world's mangoes and leads all countries in the production of cashews, millet, peanuts, pulses, sesame seeds, and tea. ,[object Object],The nation ranks second in the production of cauliflowers, jute, onions, rice, sorghum, and sugar cane. ,[object Object]
Contd..,[object Object],India is a major producer of apples, bananas, coconuts, coffee, cotton, eggplants, oranges, potatoes, rapeseeds, rubber, tobacco, and wheat. ,[object Object],India is also the world's largest grower of betel nuts, which are palm nuts chewed as a stimulant by many people in tropical Asia. It is also a leading producer of such spices as cardamom, ginger, pepper, and turmeric. ,[object Object],In terms of gross fertilizer consumption, India ranks fourth in the world, after the USA, the erstwhile USSR and China. ,[object Object],Agriculture provides livelihood to about 65% of India's labour force ,[object Object],Agriculture accounts for about 10% of India's exports. ,[object Object]
17,[object Object],India’s Agricultural Export Potentials,[object Object],[object Object]
Rice
Wheat
Condiments and Spices
Cashew
Tea
Coffee
Castor
Jute
Fruits and Vegetables- Onions, Mango, Grapes, Banana, Tomato , Potato ,etc. ,[object Object]
MAJOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS,[object Object],Australia produces a large variety of primary products for both export and domestic consumption. ,[object Object],Cereals, oilseedsand grain legumes are produced on a large scale in Australia for human consumption and livestock feed.,[object Object],Wheat is the cereal with the greatest production in terms of area and value to the Australian economy. ,[object Object],Australia produces a wide variety of fruit, nuts and vegetables. The largest crops include oranges, apples, bananas, chestnuts,potatoes, carrotsand tomatoes.,[object Object],Australia is one of the few countries that produces licit opium for pharmaceuticals.,[object Object],The horticulture industry has traditionally provided Australians with all their fresh fruit and vegetables needs, with a smaller export industry,[object Object]
Indian and Australian Agriculture Economy
Indian and Australian Agriculture Economy
Some facts:-,[object Object],There are 154,472 farms in Australia - including those for whom farming is not their primary business. However, there are 137,969 farms solely dedicated to agricultural production.,[object Object],Australian farms and their closely related sectors generate $103 billion-a-year in production - underpinning 12% of GDP. ,[object Object],Over the last 30 recorded years , Australian farms have consistently achieved average multifactor productivity growth of 2.8%-a-year - no other industry, with the sole exception of telecommunications and information technology, comes close to this achievement.,[object Object],The gross value of Australian farm production totals $35.6 billion-a-year. The top two agricultural commodities produced nationally  are milk and wheat.,[object Object],Australian farmers produce 93% of Australia's domestic food supply. Food imports contribute 7.5% of the total value of Australian retail food sales. ,[object Object]
Australia’s major agricultural export     markets ,[object Object]
Issues In Indian Agriculture,[object Object],Agricultural sector contribute 17% of the GDP of India.,[object Object],About 25% of the total population are farmers.,[object Object],Agriculture and related jobs contributes to 60% of population.,[object Object],The major issues are drought, floods, poor technology, insufficient government policies.,[object Object]

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Indian and Australian Agriculture Economy

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. Settled life soon followed with implements and techniques being developed for agriculture.
  • 4. Double monsoonsled to two harvests being reaped in one year.
  • 5.
  • 6. Land and water management systems were developed with an aim of providing uniform growth.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Rice
  • 22. Wheat
  • 25. Tea
  • 28. Jute
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Causes to drought are deficiency in rainfall,Over farming, Deforestation, Excessive irrigation, Erosion.
  • 38. Consequences may be of social & economic.
  • 39.
  • 41.
  • 42. Tapping river water and building canals for diverting such water to deficit areas, this will also help to tackle the recurring problem of floods. Damming of major rivers and creating reservoir capacity.
  • 43. Both the Central and the State govts have to open ideas such as artificial rain through cloud seeding and desalination of seawater.
  • 44. More government measures need to be taken to promote agriculture as well as provide employment to rural population such as NREGP.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 51.