39. Transport vesicle Ribosome Synthesized protein 1 Rough ER Transport vesicle Ribosome Synthesized protein Rough ER 2 1 Transport vesicle Ribosome Entry face cisterna Exit face cisterna Medial cisterna Synthesized protein Rough ER 3 2 1 Transport vesicle Ribosome Entry face cisterna Exit face cisterna Medial cisterna Synthesized protein Transfer vesicle Rough ER Transfer vesicle 4 3 2 1 4 Transport vesicle Ribosome Entry face cisterna Exit face cisterna Medial cisterna Synthesized protein Transfer vesicle Rough ER Transfer vesicle 5 4 3 2 1 4 Transport vesicle Ribosome Entry face cisterna Exit face cisterna Medial cisterna Synthesized protein Transfer vesicle Rough ER Transfer vesicle 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 Transport vesicle Ribosome Entry face cisterna Exit face cisterna Medial cisterna Synthesized protein Transfer vesicle Rough ER Transfer vesicle Secretory vesicle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 Proteins exported from cell by exocytosis Plasma membrane Proteins in vesicle membrane merge with plasma membrane Proteins exported from cell by exocytosis Plasma membrane Transport vesicle Ribosome Entry face cisterna Exit face cisterna Medial cisterna Synthesized protein Transfer vesicle Rough ER Transfer vesicle Membrane vesicle Secretory vesicle 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 Proteins in vesicle membrane merge with plasma membrane Proteins exported from cell by exocytosis Plasma membrane Transport vesicle Ribosome Entry face cisterna Exit face cisterna Medial cisterna Synthesized protein Transport vesicle (to lysosome) Transfer vesicle Rough ER Transfer vesicle Membrane vesicle Secretory vesicle 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4
50. 1 Key: Initiator tRNA attaches to a start codon. Amino acid (methionine) Anticodon mRNA mRNA binding site Initiator tRNA Start codon Small subunit = Adenine = Guanine = Cytosine = Uracil U U U G G G G G G A A A A A U A C C U C U A A C U C 1 Key: Initiator tRNA attaches to a start codon. Large and small ribosomal subunits join to form a functional ribosome and initiator tRNA fits into P site. Amino acid (methionine) Anticodon mRNA mRNA binding site Initiator tRNA Start codon Small subunit Initiator tRNA Small subunit Large subunit P site A site = Adenine = Guanine = Cytosine = Uracil U U U G G G G G G A A A A A U A C C U C U A A C U C G A U U U G G A A A A A C C G G U C U A C U U A C G 2 1 Key: Initiator tRNA attaches to a start codon. Large and small ribosomal subunits join to form a functional ribosome and initiator tRNA fits into P site. Amino acid (methionine) Amino acid Anticodon Anticodon Codons mRNA mRNA mRNA binding site Initiator tRNA tRNA Start codon Small subunit Initiator tRNA Small subunit Large subunit P site A site Anticodon of incoming tRNA pairs with next mRNA codon at A site. P site A site = Adenine = Guanine = Cytosine = Uracil U U U G G G G G G A A A A A U A C C U C U A A C U C G A U U U G G A A A A A C C G G U C U A C U U A C G A U C U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C U C U A C G A 2 3 1 Key: Initiator tRNA attaches to a start codon. Large and small ribosomal subunits join to form a functional ribosome and initiator tRNA fits into P site. Amino acid (methionine) Amino acid Anticodon Anticodon Codons mRNA mRNA mRNA binding site Initiator tRNA tRNA Start codon Small subunit Initiator tRNA Small subunit Large subunit P site A site Anticodon of incoming tRNA pairs with next mRNA codon at A site. Amino acid on tRNA at P site forms a peptide bond with amino acid at A site. P site A site = Adenine = Guanine = Cytosine = Uracil U U U G G G G G G A A A A A U A C C U C U A A C U C G A U U U G G A A A A A C C G G U C U A C U U A C G A U C U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C U C U A C G A C G A U U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C U A C A U C 2 3 4 1 Key: Initiator tRNA attaches to a start codon. Large and small ribosomal subunits join to form a functional ribosome and initiator tRNA fits into P site. Amino acid (methionine) Amino acid Anticodon Anticodon Codons mRNA mRNA mRNA movement mRNA binding site Initiator tRNA tRNA Start codon Small subunit Initiator tRNA Small subunit Large subunit P site A site Anticodon of incoming tRNA pairs with next mRNA codon at A site. tRNA at P site leaves ribosome, ribosome shifts by one codon; tRNA previously at A site is now at the P site. New peptide bond Amino acid on tRNA at P site forms a peptide bond with amino acid at A site. P site A site = Adenine = Guanine = Cytosine = Uracil U U U G G G G G G A A A A A U A C C U C U A A C U C G A U U U G G A A A A A C C G G U C U A C U U A C G A U C U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C U C U A C G A C G A U U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C U A C A U C C G A U U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C C U A C A U 2 3 4 5 1 Key: Initiator tRNA attaches to a start codon. Large and small ribosomal subunits join to form a functional ribosome and initiator tRNA fits into P site. Amino acid (methionine) Amino acid Anticodon Anticodon Codons Stop codon mRNA mRNA mRNA movement mRNA binding site Initiator tRNA tRNA Start codon Small subunit Initiator tRNA Small subunit Large subunit P site A site Anticodon of incoming tRNA pairs with next mRNA codon at A site. Protein synthesis stops when the ribosome reaches stop codon on mRNA. tRNA at P site leaves ribosome, ribosome shifts by one codon; tRNA previously at A site is now at the P site. New peptide bond Amino acid on tRNA at P site forms a peptide bond with amino acid at A site. P site A site Summary of movement of ribosome along mRNA mRNA tRNA Complete protein Growing protein = Adenine = Guanine = Cytosine = Uracil U U U G G G G G G A A A A A U A C C U C U A A C U C G A U U U G G A A A A A C C G G U C U A C U U A C G A U C U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C U C U A C G A C G A U U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C U A C A U C C G A U U U U G G G G G A A A A A C U C U A C C U A C A U C U U G G G G G G A A C U C U A A C U A U 2 3 4 5 6
57. 1 Pericentriolar material Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Plasma membrane Cytosol (a) INTERPHASE Centrioles Centrosome: all at 700x LM 1 Late Early Pericentriolar material Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Plasma membrane Cytosol Chromosome (two chromatids joined at centromere (a) INTERPHASE (b) PROPHASE Centrioles Centrosome: Fragments of nuclear envelope Mitotic spindle (microtubules) Kinetochore 2 all at 700x LM Centromere 1 Pericentriolar material Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Plasma membrane Cytosol Metaphase plate (a) INTERPHASE Centrioles Centrosome: (c) METAPHASE 2 3 Late Early (b) PROPHASE Fragments of nuclear envelope Mitotic spindle (microtubules) Kinetochore all at 700x LM Chromosome (two chromatids joined at centromere Centromere 1 Early Late (d) ANAPHASE Pericentriolar material Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Plasma membrane Cytosol Chromosome (a) INTERPHASE Centrioles Centrosome: (c) METAPHASE 2 3 4 Cleavage furrow Late Early (b) PROPHASE Fragments of nuclear envelope Mitotic spindle (microtubules) Kinetochore Metaphase plate all at 700x LM Chromosome (two chromatids joined at centromere Centromere 1 Early Late (d) ANAPHASE Pericentriolar material Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Plasma membrane Cytosol (a) INTERPHASE Centrioles Centrosome: Cleavage furrow (e) TELOPHASE (c) METAPHASE 2 3 4 5 Cleavage furrow Late Early (b) PROPHASE Fragments of nuclear envelope Mitotic spindle (microtubules) Kinetochore Metaphase plate Chromosome all at 700x LM Chromosome (two chromatids joined at centromere Centromere 1 Early Late (d) ANAPHASE Pericentriolar material Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Plasma membrane Cytosol (a) INTERPHASE Centrioles Centrosome: (f) IDENTICAL CELLS IN INTERPHASE Cleavage furrow (e) TELOPHASE (c) METAPHASE Cleavage furrow 2 3 4 5 6 Late Early (b) PROPHASE Fragments of nuclear envelope Mitotic spindle (microtubules) Kinetochore Metaphase plate Chromosome all at 700x LM Centromere Chromosome (two chromatids joined at centromere
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63. End of Chapter 3 Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publishers assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of theses programs or from the use of the information herein.