Presentation to the Moffett Restoration Advisory Board November 18, 2010: Site 28 In Situ Abiotic/Biotic Treatability Study Implementation

1. Installation Restoration Site 28
In Situ Abiotic / Biotic Treatability Study
I l t tiImplementation
RAB Meeting
November 18 2010November 18, 2010
Former Naval Air Station Moffett Field, Moffett Field, California

2. Site 28
Area
2

3. IR Site 28 Treatability Study
Purpose of Treatability Study (TS)
Determine if in situ anaerobic biotic or combined abiotic/biotic
treatment technologies are viable for remediating the
remaining chlorinated ethenes (CEs) present in the upper andg ( ) p pp
lower portions of the A-aquifer at IR Site 28.
Treatability Study Method
Conduct separate pilot tests in areas of highest CE
concentrations at three areas of interest (Former Building 88,
Traffic Island, and Well W9-18).
Stage 1: Hot Spot Characterization
Stage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests

4. Stage 1: Hot Spot Characterization
Hot Spot DelineationHot Spot Delineation
Further define lateral and vertical distribution of high concentration
chlorinated ethenes (CEs) in the three areas of interest.
Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) Investigation
Evaluate whether PCE DNAPLs are present in the Former Building 88
Area and Traffic Island Area

5. Stage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests
Evaluate Two Processes/Three Treatment Technologies
Separately:Separately:
In Situ Anaerobic Biostimulation with Bioaugmentation Process
Sodium Lactate (Wilclear®) & Dechlorinating Microbial Consortium (SDC-9™)Sodium Lactate (Wilclear ) & Dechlorinating Microbial Consortium (SDC 9 )
Emulsified Vegetable Oil (LactOil™) & SDC-9™
In Situ Anaerobic Biotic/Abiotic Degradation Process
Zero-valent iron with controlled-release carbon (EHC®)
Concurrent Pilot Tests in Three High Concentration Areas:
Traffic Island Area (LactOil™ & SDC-9™)
Building 88 Area (Wilclear® & SDC-9™)
Well W9-18 Area (EHC®)

6. Site 28
Pilot Test
Area
6

7. ISABB - Emulsified OilISABB - Emulsified Oil
& SDC-9™
ISABA - EHC®
ISABB - Lactate & SDC-9™

8. IR Site 28 Treatability Study Implementation
Stage 1: Hot Spot CharacterizationStage 1: Hot Spot Characterization
March and April 2010p
Hot Spot Delineation
DNAPL Investigation

9. Hot Spot Delineation
Goal: Further define lateral and vertical distribution ofGoal: Further define lateral and vertical distribution of
high concentration chlorinated ethenes (CEs)
• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) Testing
o Total depth of 65 feet below ground surface
o 19 locations in Traffic Island Area
o 12 locations in Former Building 88 Area
o 4 locations in Well W9-18 Area

10. MIP Test Locations

11. Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
11

12. MIP Installation
12

13. MIP Installation
13

14. Typical MIP Log
14
ECD PID FID

15. DNAPL Investigation
Goal: Evaluate for the potential presence of PCE DNAPLs in
the Former Building 88 Area and Traffic Island Area
• Continuous Soil Cores
o Adjacent to MIP test with greatest detector responses
o Visual observation and PID scanning
o Select OilScreenSoil (Sudan IV)® Screening Tests
• H d h bi Fl ibl M b T ti• Hydrophobic Flexible Membrane Testing
o NAPL FLUTeTM Liner
o Adjacent to continuous soil coreso Adjacent to continuous soil cores
• 1 location in Former Bldg 88 Area; 2 locations in Traffic
Island Area
• Maximum depth of 65 feet below ground surface
• No evidence of DNAPLs encountered

16. Soil Core & NAPL FLUTe™ Test Locations

17. OilScreenSoil (Sudan IV)® Test
17

18. NAPL FLUTe™ Liner
18

19. NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Deployment
19

20. NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Dilation
20

21. NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Removal
21

22. NAPL FLUTe™ - Protective Liner Removal
22

23. NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Inspection – No Staining
23

24. Emulsified Oil & SDC-9™Emulsified Oil & SDC 9
EHC®
Lactate & SDC-9™
Observation Well Network &Observation Well Network &
Injection Grid Layout

25. Former Building 88 Area Cross-Section
GW flow direction

26. Well W9-18 Area Cross-Section
GW flow directionGW flow direction

27. Traffic Island Area Cross-Section
GW flow direction

28. IR Site 28 Treatability Study Implementation
Stage 2: Treatment Pilot TestsStage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests
July and August 2010y g
 Observation Well Network Installation
 Baseline Groundwater Monitoring Event
 Substrate Preparation
 Substrate Injection Substrate Injection
 Post-Injection Performance Monitoring

29. Observation Well Network Installation – June 2010
29

30. Well Installation – Traffic Island
30

31. Baseline Groundwater Monitoring Event - July 2010
31

32. Monitoring Parameters
• VOC• VOCs
PCE, TCE, DCE, VC, Ethene, Ethane, Acetylene
• Bi h i l I di t• Biogeochemical Indicators
DO, Nitrate, Arsenic, Manganese, Iron, Sulfate, Methane
• Organic Substrate Indicators• Organic Substrate Indicators
TOC, Alkalinity, and Volatile Fatty Acids
• Physical• Physical
pH, ORP, Specific Conductance, Turbidity, Temperature
• BiologicalBiological
Dehalococcoides sp

33. Bldg 88 Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L
GW flow direction
27 279 3 002 3 04927,279 3,002 3,049
4,306 3,764 4,521

34. Traffic Island Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L
GW flow direction
8724,1091,759
751469476
18,2453,614311
34
32,9504,62336,125

35. Well W9-18 Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L
GW flow direction
3,158 6,375 3,049
2,381
2,727 7,816
35

36. Substrate Mixing Tank – Former Bldg 88 Area
36

37. Substrate Preparation
37

38. Substrate Mixing Tank – Traffic Island Area
38

39. Bioaugmentation
Addition of dechlorinating
i bi l ti t b t hmicrobial consortium to batch
mixing tank
Shaws Patented SDC-9™Shaws Patented SDC 9
Contains Dehalococcoides sp
Naturally occurring microbes
(not engineered)
Injected at hundreds of sitesInjected at hundreds of sites
Native to California
39
Injected at Former Building
88 Area and Traffic Island Area

40. Batch Tank – Traffic Island Area

41. Substrate Injection

42. Substrate Injection – Traffic Island
42

43. Substrate Injection Rigs
43

44. Substrate Injection – Traffic Island
44

45. Substrate Injection Tool

46. Pressure Activated Injection

47. Wilclear® & SDC-9™ Injection – Former Bldg 88 Area
• Original estimated sodium lactate demand for
t t t 1 060 lb (i l 4 ti f t f t )treatment area ~1,060 lbs (incl. 4 times safety factor)
• Due to anticipated high pH replaced 184 lbs of lactate
i h 55 lb f l i idwith 55 lbs of lactic acid
• 876 lbs of lactate with 55 lbs of lactic acid injected
• ~8,000 gallons of pre-treated GW from WATS injected
• 34 L of SDC-9 injected to generate a target
concentration of 1x107 cells DHC/liter
• 10 points, 35 to 60 ft bgs

48. Injection Layout – Former Bldg 88 Area

49. LactOil™ & SDC-9™ Injection – Traffic Island Area
• Target concentration of 8 000 mg/L emulsifiedTarget concentration of 8,000 mg/L emulsified
vegetable oil in GW
• 3 190 gallons of LactOil™ injected3,190 gallons of LactOil injected
• ~28,000 gallons of pre-treated GW from WATS injected
• 119 L of SDC-9™ injected to generate a target
concentration of 1x107 cells DHC/liter
• 15 points, 10 to 65 ft bgs

50. Injection Layout – Traffic Island Area
10 to 55 ft bgs intervalg

51. Injection Layout – Traffic Island Area
55 to 65 ft bgs intervalg

52. EHC® Injection – Well W9-18 Area
• Original target ~0.3% of EHC® by soil massOriginal target 0.3% of EHC by soil mass
(~4,000 lbs EHC®)
• Doubled the dose to ~8,000 lbs EHC® based onDoubled the dose to 8,000 lbs EHC based on
IR Site 26 results
• ~8 000 lbs of EHC® injected~8,000 lbs of EHC® injected
• ~2,500 gallons of hydrant water injected
• No bioaugmentation with SDC-9™
• 4 points 10 to 30 ft bgs• 4 points, 10 to 30 ft bgs

53. Injection Layout – Well W9-18 Area

54. Post-Injection
Performance Groundwater Monitoring
• 5 post–injection events:
g
p j
 August 2010
 early November 2010
 late January 2010
 mid April 2011
 late June 2011
•All 24 observation wells + 3 monitoring wells
•Same analytical parameters as baseline event
 VOCs, Biogeochemical Indicators, Organic Substrate
Indicators, Physical, and Biological

55. pH in Treatability Study Areas
W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island
Treatability Study Wells
10.0
10.5
11.0
H Traffic Island - Emulsified Oil
pH
28OW-13
28OW-14
28OW-15
28OW-01 28OW-02
28OW-03 28OW-04
28OW-05 28OW-06
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
dardUnitsforpH
28OW-16
28OW-17
28OW-18
28OW-07 28OW-08
28OW-09 28OW-10
28OW-11 28OW-125.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
Stand
W9-18
W9-29 W9-42
W9-18 Area - EHC®
pH
8 0
Building 88 - Lactate
pH
0 20 40 60 80 100
Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)
10
11
12
orpH
p
7.0
7.5
8.0
sforpH
7
8
9
StandardUnitsfo
5 5
6.0
6.5
StandardUnits
5
6
0 20 40 60 80 100
S
Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)
5.0
5.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

56. ORP in Treatability Study Areas
W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island
Treatability Study Wells
200
300
Traffic Island - Emulsified Oil
Oxidation-Reduction Potential
28OW-13
28OW-14
28OW-15
28OW-01 28OW-02
28OW-03 28OW-04
28OW-05 28OW-06-100
0
100
milliVolts
28OW-16
28OW-17
28OW-18
28OW-07 28OW-08
28OW-09 28OW-10
28OW-11 28OW-12-400
-300
-200
W9-18
W9-29 W9-42
W9-18 Area - EHC®
Oxidation-Reduction Potential
300
Building 88 - Lactate
Oxidation-Reduction Potential
0 20 40 60 80 100
Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)
100
200
300
olts
100
200
300
olts
-200
-100
0
milliVo
-200
-100
0
milliVo
56
-400
-300
0 20 40 60 80 100
Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)
-400
-300
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

57. DO in Treatability Study Areas
W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island
Treatability Study Wells
2.0
2.5
g/L) Traffic Island - Emulsified Oil
Dissolved Oxygen
28OW-13
28OW-14
28OW-15
28OW-01 28OW-02
28OW-03 28OW-04
28OW-05 28OW-06
1.0
1.5
oncentration(mg
28OW-16
28OW-17
28OW-18
28OW-07 28OW-08
28OW-09 28OW-10
28OW-11 28OW-120.0
0.5
Co
W9-18
W9-29 W9-42
W9-18 Area - EHC®
Dissolved Oxygen
1 8
Building 88 ‐ Lactate
Dissolved Oxygen
0 20 40 60 80 100
Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)
2.5
3.0
3.5
(mg/L)1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
(mg/L)
1.0
1.5
2.0
Concentration(
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Concentration
57
0.0
0.5
0 20 40 60 80 100
Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)
0.0
0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

58. Questions ?