Lecture presented by Dr.Fatma Taha at BIOCHEM Cairo 2014 organized by Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cairo University. BIOCHEM Cairo 2014 is a Scribe event ( www.scribeofegypt.com)

2. Extracellular membrane vesicles (EMV)
FATMA MOHAMED TAHA
Assistant Professor of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of
Medicine ,Cairo University

3. Extracellular membrane vesicles (EMV) are phospholipid bilayer -
enclosed vesicles from eukaryotic cells.
Extracellular vesicle classification can be based on their cellular
origin or biological function; alternatively, extracellular vesicles can
be categorized on the basis of their biogenesis pathways.
Samir ELAndaloussi, Imre Mäger, Xandra O. Breakefield and Matthew J. A. Wood . Extracellular
vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities , Nature review drug discovery, 2013 vol
12 May 347-357
Extracellular membrane vesicles (EMV) are phospholipid bilayer -
enclosed vesicles from eukaryotic cells.
Extracellular vesicle classification can be based on their cellular
origin or biological function; alternatively, extracellular vesicles can
be categorized on the basis of their biogenesis pathways.
Samir ELAndaloussi, Imre Mäger, Xandra O. Breakefield and Matthew J. A. Wood . Extracellular
vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities , Nature review drug discovery, 2013 vol
12 May 347-357
Extracellular membrane vesicles (EMV) are phospholipid bilayer -
enclosed vesicles from eukaryotic cells.
Extracellular vesicle classification can be based on their cellular
origin or biological function; alternatively, extracellular vesicles can
be categorized on the basis of their biogenesis pathways.
Samir ELAndaloussi, Imre Mäger, Xandra O. Breakefield and Matthew J. A. Wood . Extracellular
vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities , Nature review drug discovery, 2013 vol
12 May 347-357

4. EMV classification according to Cellular origin and biological
function :
Ectosomes: vesicles secreted by neutrophils or monocytes
Microparticles: vesicles shed from platelets in blood or endothelial cells
Tolerosomes: vesicles purified from serum of antigen-fed mice
Prostatosomes: vesicles extracted from seminal fluid
Cardiosomes: vesicles secreted by cardiomyocytes
Vexosomes: vesicles linked with adeno-associated virus vectors
Samir ELAndaloussi, Imre Mäger, Xandra O. Breakefield and Matthew J. A. Wood . Extracellular
vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities , Nature review drug discovery, 2013; vol
12 May 347-357
EMV classification according to Cellular origin and biological
function :
Ectosomes: vesicles secreted by neutrophils or monocytes
Microparticles: vesicles shed from platelets in blood or endothelial cells
Tolerosomes: vesicles purified from serum of antigen-fed mice
Prostatosomes: vesicles extracted from seminal fluid
Cardiosomes: vesicles secreted by cardiomyocytes
Vexosomes: vesicles linked with adeno-associated virus vectors
Samir ELAndaloussi, Imre Mäger, Xandra O. Breakefield and Matthew J. A. Wood . Extracellular
vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities , Nature review drug discovery, 2013; vol
12 May 347-357
EMV classification according to Cellular origin and biological
function :
Ectosomes: vesicles secreted by neutrophils or monocytes
Microparticles: vesicles shed from platelets in blood or endothelial cells
Tolerosomes: vesicles purified from serum of antigen-fed mice
Prostatosomes: vesicles extracted from seminal fluid
Cardiosomes: vesicles secreted by cardiomyocytes
Vexosomes: vesicles linked with adeno-associated virus vectors
Samir ELAndaloussi, Imre Mäger, Xandra O. Breakefield and Matthew J. A. Wood . Extracellular
vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities , Nature review drug discovery, 2013; vol
12 May 347-357

5. Distinct biogenesis pathways lead to different types of EMV. These
vesicles include exosomes, shedding microvesicles (SMVs) and
apoptotic blebs (ABs), many of which exhibit pleiotropic biological
functions.
Distinct biogenesis pathways lead to different types of EMV. These
vesicles include exosomes, shedding microvesicles (SMVs) and
apoptotic blebs (ABs), many of which exhibit pleiotropic biological
functions.
Cell Mol Life Sci 68 (2011) 2667–2688.

6. Biogenesis and Release of EMV
JCB 2013;200:373-383 2013 ;12,347-3 57

7. History of exosomes

8. They were described in 1983, as secreted by reticulocytes, exosomes
became of interest for immunologists in 1996, when they were
proposed to play a role in antigen presentation.
More recently, the finding that exosomes carry genetic materials,
mRNA and miRNA, has been a major breakthrough in the field,
unveiling their capacity to vehicle genetic messages.
It is now clear that not only immune cells but probably all cell types
are able to secrete exosomes.
Ange´ lique Bobrie , Marina Colombo , Grac¸ a Raposo,∗ and Clotilde Thery. Exosome Secretion: Molecular
Mechanisms and Roles in Immune Responses . Traffic, 2011; 12: 1659 – 1668
They were described in 1983, as secreted by reticulocytes, exosomes
became of interest for immunologists in 1996, when they were
proposed to play a role in antigen presentation.
More recently, the finding that exosomes carry genetic materials,
mRNA and miRNA, has been a major breakthrough in the field,
unveiling their capacity to vehicle genetic messages.
It is now clear that not only immune cells but probably all cell types
are able to secrete exosomes.
Ange´ lique Bobrie , Marina Colombo , Grac¸ a Raposo,∗ and Clotilde Thery. Exosome Secretion: Molecular
Mechanisms and Roles in Immune Responses . Traffic, 2011; 12: 1659 – 1668
They were described in 1983, as secreted by reticulocytes, exosomes
became of interest for immunologists in 1996, when they were
proposed to play a role in antigen presentation.
More recently, the finding that exosomes carry genetic materials,
mRNA and miRNA, has been a major breakthrough in the field,
unveiling their capacity to vehicle genetic messages.
It is now clear that not only immune cells but probably all cell types
are able to secrete exosomes.
Ange´ lique Bobrie , Marina Colombo , Grac¸ a Raposo,∗ and Clotilde Thery. Exosome Secretion: Molecular
Mechanisms and Roles in Immune Responses . Traffic, 2011; 12: 1659 – 1668

9. Exosome composition
Virol. 2011;85:12844-12854
A complete database of exosomal proteins can be found at ExoCarta
(exocarta.ludwig.edu.au/) (Mathivanan et al., 2012).

10. Exosome composition
Frontiers in Genetics published: 20 April 2012
Diversity of RNA molecules shuttled by exosomes comes from latest reported ExoCarta entries (Mathivanan et
al., 2012) comprising 2375 mRNA and 1630 miRNA molecules.

11. Interaction of exosomes with recipient cells

12. Exosomes as
intercellular
communicators
Exosomes as
intercellular
communicators
Exosomes as
intercellular
communicators

13. Proposed antigen presenting functions of exosomes

14. Cell communication through cell-fate signals carrying
exosomes in tumor microenvironment .
J of extracellular vesicles
Vol 2, 2013

15. Proposed immunological functions of exosomes secreted by
tumors

16. The mechanisms of stem cell exosome/microvesicle-
mediated regeneration of injured tissues.
Lee Y et al. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2012;21:R125-R134

17. A suggested hypothesis on the role of exosomes released from a
damaged heart as a potential intercellular communicator.
Circulation Research. 2014;114:333-344

18. Postulated roles of exosomes/microvesicles in neural cell
communication
Front. Physiol., 30 April 2012

19. Exosomes: vehicles for the transfer of toxic proteins associated
with neurodegenerative diseases
Frontiers in physiology published: 03 May 2012

20. Exosomes as a Potential
Diagnostic and their
Therapeutic Approaches
Exosomes as a Potential
Diagnostic and their
Therapeutic Approaches

22. 12,347-3 57 (2013)

23. In vitro studies have documented that the Hemopurifier captures
exosomes underlying cancer, including colorectal, lymphoma,
melanoma, ovarian, and breast cancer.
Aethlon Hemopurifier. (PRNewsFoto/Aethlon Medical, Inc.)
SAN DIEGO, March 8, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Aethlon Medical, Inc. (OTC Bulletin Board: AEMD)
In vitro studies have documented that the Hemopurifier captures
exosomes underlying cancer, including colorectal, lymphoma,
melanoma, ovarian, and breast cancer.
Aethlon Hemopurifier. (PRNewsFoto/Aethlon Medical, Inc.)
SAN DIEGO, March 8, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Aethlon Medical, Inc. (OTC Bulletin Board: AEMD)
In vitro studies have documented that the Hemopurifier captures
exosomes underlying cancer, including colorectal, lymphoma,
melanoma, ovarian, and breast cancer.
Aethlon Hemopurifier. (PRNewsFoto/Aethlon Medical, Inc.)
SAN DIEGO, March 8, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Aethlon Medical, Inc. (OTC Bulletin Board: AEMD)

24. EMV-based therapies
www.frontiersin.org June 2012 |
Volume 3 | Article 228