It's necessary for medical students.

1. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
PREPARED BY : SERDAR DEMIRGIL
LESSON 1

2. BASIC WORD STRUCTURE
 Medical terms can be divided into two to four parts.Even if a Word is unfamiliar to
you, you can figure out the meaning by knowing what each part means.

3. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF MEDICAL TERMS
 ROOT : Foundation of the term
 SUFFIX : Word ending
 PREFIX : Word Beginning
 COMBINING VOWEL :
 Vowel (usually « o » that links the suffix or the root to another root .

4. HOW TO READ MEDICAL TERMS
 You should read medical terms starting from the suffix and returning to the
beginning to the word.

5. EPI – GASTR – IC
 EPI : Prefix meaning « above »
 GASTR : Root meaning « stomach »
 IC : Suffix meaning « pertaining to »
 EPIGASTRIC : Pertaining to above the stomach

6. RULES FOR COMBINING VOWELS
 Drop the combining vowel before a suffix that begins with a vowel.
 ROOT : GASTRO
 SUFFIX : ITIS
 CORRECT : GASTRITIS
 INCORRECT : GASTROITIS

7. RULE : Keep the combining vowel between two
roots even if second root begins with a vowel.
 ROOT # 1: GASTRO
 ROOT # 2: ENTER - O
 SUFFIX : LOGY
 CORRECT : GASTROENTEROLOGY
 INCORRECT : GASTRENTEROLOGY

8. COMBINING FORMS
 A combining form is the combination of a root with a combining vowel.
 For Example:
 ARTHR – O ( « ARTHR » is the ROOT , and the « O » is the combining vowel.)
 NOTE: « O » is the frequently used combining vowel.

9. COMBINING FORMS
 ADEN-O : Gland
 ARTHR-O : Joint
 BI-O : Life
 CARCIN-O : Cancerous, Cancer
 CARDI-O : Heart
 CEPHALO : Head
 CEREBR-O : Cerebrum
 CIS-O : To cut
 CRIN-O : To Secrete,To Form, To Give off
 CYST-O : Urinary Bladder,Sac Containing Fluid, Cyst
 CYT-O : Cell

10. COMBINING FORMS
 DERM-O : Skin
 DERMAT-O : Skin
 ELECTR-O : Electricity
 ENCEPHAL-O : Brain
 ENTER-O : Intestines (Usually The Small Intestine)
 ERYTHR-O : Red
 GASTR-O : Stomach
 GLYC-O : Sugar
 GNOS-O : Knowledge
 GYNEC-O : Woman, Female
 HEMAT-O : Blood

11. COMBINING FORMS
 HEM-O : Blood
 HEPAT-O : Liver
 LATR-O : Treatment,Physician
 LEUK-O : White
 LOG-O : Study of
 NEPHR-O : Kidney
 NEUR-O : Nerve
 ONC-O : Tumor
 OPHTHALM-O: Eye
 PATH-O : Disease
 PED-O : Child

12. COMBINING FORMS
 PSYCH-O : Mind
 RADI-O : X-Rays
 REN-O : Kidney
 RHIN-O : Nose
 SARC-O : Flesh
 SECT-O : To Cut
 THROMB-O : Clot, Clotting
 UR-O : Urinery Track, Urine

13. QUIZ TIME (THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS WILL FOLLOW EACH SLIDE )
 ENDO / CRIN / O / LOGY
 IN THE WORD ABOVE , LABEL THE :
A. COMBINING VOWEL
B. PREFIX
C. SUFFIX
D. ROOT
E. COMBINING FORM

14. ANSWER
A. O
B. ENDO
C. LOGY
D. CRIN
E. CRIN / O

15. COMBINING VOWELS
 COMBINE THE ROOT(S) WITH THE SUFFIXES CORRECTLY
1. ROOT : ARTHR / O SUFFIX : - ITIS
2. ROOT : BI / O SUFFIX : - LOGY
3. ROOT : ELECTR / O ROOT : CARDI / O SUFFIX : -GRAM
4. ROOT : ADEN / O SUFFIX : - OMA
5. ROOT : CEPHAL / O SUFFIX : - IC

16. ANSWERS
1. ARTHRITIS
2. BIOLOGY
3. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
4. ADENOMA
5. CEPHALIC

17. WHAT VOWEL IS FREQUENTLY USED AS A
COMBINING VOWEL?
A. A
B. E
C. I
D. O
E. U
ANSWER : D

18. TERMINOLOGY
 WRITE THE COMBINING FORM THAT GOES WITH THE DEFINITION.
1. GLAND
2. LIFE
3. HEART
4. CEREBRUM
5. TO SECRETE,TO FORM TO GIVE OFF
6. CELL
7. SKIN ( 2 TERMS )
8. BRAIN
9. RED
10. SUGAR

19. ANSWERS
1. ADEN / O
2. BI / O
3. CARDI / O
4. CEREBR / O
5. CRIN / O
6. CYT / O
7. DERM / O ; DERMAT / O
8. ENCEPHAL / O
9. ERYTHR/ O
10. GLYC / O

20. TERMINOLOGY
 WRITE THE COMBINING FORM THAT GOES WITH THE DEFINITION.
1. WOMAN, FEMALE
2. BLOOD ( 2 TERMS)
3. TREATMENT, PHYSICIAN
4. STUDY OF
5. NERVE
6. EYE
7. DISEASE
8. MIND
9. KIDNEY (2 TERMS)
10. FLESH
11. CLOT, CLOTTING

21. ANSWERS
1. GYNEC / O
2. HEMAT / O , HEM / O
3. IATR / O
4. LOG / O
5. NEUR / O
6. OPHTHALM / O
7. PATH / O
8. PSYCH / O
9. REN / O ; NEPHR / O
10. SARC / O
11. THROMB / O

22. DEFINITIONS
 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING COMBINING FORMS.
1. ARTHR / O
2. CARCIN / O (2)
3. CEPHAL / O
4. CIS / O
5. CYCT / O (3)
6. ELECTR / O
7. ENTER / O
8. GASTR / O
9. GNOS / O
10. HEPAT / O

23. ANSWERS
1. JOINT
2. CANCEROUS, CANCER
3. HEAD
4. TO CUT
5. URINARY BLADDER, SAC CONTAINING FLUID, CYST
6. ELECTRICITY
7. INTESTINES ( OR SMALL INTESTINES )
8. STOMACH
9. KNOWLEDGE
10. LIVER

24. DEFINITIONS
 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING COMBINING FORMS.
1. LEUK / O
2. ONC / O
3. OSTE / O
4. PED / O
5. RADI / O
6. RHIN / O
7. SECT / O
8. UR / O (2)

25. ANSWERS
1. WHITE
2. TUMOR
3. BONE
4. CHILD
5. X-RAYS
6. NOSE
7. TO CUT
8. URINERY TRACT, URINE

26. THANKS FOR LISTENING.