This presentation was offered by Carlos Jose Ramirez on behalf of Holbrook Travel's NSTA expedition to Costa Rica for educators July 2010. The presentation echoed a hands-on visit to seismology monitoring devices on Arenal Volcano.

1. GEOLOGÍA, VOLCANOLOGÍA Y SISMOLOGÍA Red Sismológica National (UCR-ICE) Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) Volcanólogos Carlos José Ramirez

14. Seismic cross-sections

15. Historic earthquakes M > 5

22. Turrialba Iraz ú Po ás Barva Arenal Miravalles Rinc ón de la Vieja Subduction 85 mm/yr Tenorio Subduction 65 mm/yr

27. Seismometer

28. TURRIALBA VOLCANO 3339 m Altitude 3 craters 2 active Last eruption 1864-66

29. CRATERS AT TURRIALBA VOLCANO Cr áter Noreste

30. Fumaroles

31. Carrying Equipment on the Field Ooh Ooh! Mass Spectrometer

32. New fumarolic activity at southeast crater

33. Plume of gases

35. IRAZ Ú VOLCANO 3342 m

36. FUMAROLES 90 °C  Iraz ú Crater Diego de la Haya Crater Main Crater Diameter ± 1000 m Deep ± 250 m Lagoon Diameter ± 150 m Lagoon 14 to 20 m depth pH 3.5 to 4.5, 18 to 25 °C

37. Northeast fumaroles ±90 ºC

38. Seismic and Faults around Iraz ú and Turrialba Volcanoes

39. 1960 Similar Changes 3 years before eruption January , 2003 Febraury 9 , 2003

40. 1963-65 Eruptions Time

41. Irazú Volcano (1964) Ash Collectors

42. Barva Lagoon Danta Lagoon Copey Lagoon BARVA VOLCANIC COMPLEX 3 Lagoons

43. Laguna Copey

44. Barva Crater Diameter ± 1 45m pH 4, ± 19 °C

45. Diameter ± 1 00m pH 4, ± 18 °C DANTA CRATER

46. PO ÁS CRATER BOTOS CRATER PLUME AFFECTED AREA PO ÁS VOLCANO > 500.000 visitors / year Parking Lot

47. Crater Diameter ± 1320 m Deep ± 350 m Lagoon Diameter ± 350 m Lagoon 40 to 55 m depth pH 0, 25 to 48 º C surface

48. Dome 95 °C

50. Eruption period 1984-89

51. Red Sulphur >220 ºC, pH 0 Fumarole Pipe Pyroclastic Sulphur from Pipes BEFORE NOW

52. Poas Pele Hair

53. Sulphur Flow

54. Sulphur Flow

55. Lake Sampling Change of color during the seasons Emerald Rain and sediment Turquoise

64. Tepha Deposits

68. Eruption 17 – 25 may 1953 Elaboration of Hazard Maps

70. Botos Lagoon 14 m depth 12 °C Temperature Diving for collect Gas Sampling Fumaroles Area

71. ARENAL VOLCANO 1100 m Height 37 years continuous activity (1968-2005) One of the 16 most active volcanoes in the world

72. Historic pictures from Arenal 1968 Destroyed town of Pueblo Nuevo 78 death people Bomb Impact craters

74. Magma Chamber >10 km down Crater C Crater D

75. Fortuna town 6 km from the volcano 10.000 people

77. ± 120 km / h >400 ºC Pyroclastic Flows 1998 Hot Spring Spa’s at 800 m

78. National Seismological Network Arenal Research Center? NO, is the Hot Spring Spa, at 4 km

80. Volcanic bomb of ± 10 m diameter

81. Lava front collapse

82. Geological Map

83. Dry Tiltmeter Network

84. Volcanic Stability Analysis

86. Geochemestry of Hot and Cold Springs

87. Geological Mapping in volcanic areas

88. Miravalles Volcano

89. VOLCAN MIRAVALLES GEODESIC NETWORK

90. Geothermal Electricity Plants at Miravalles Volcano

91. Rincon de la Vieja Volcano

93. Fumaroles 90 °C Water pH 2 Temperature 25 – 30 °C

94. Seismicity of the Guanacaste Volcanoes

97. R/V Atlantis Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute

98. ALVIN Submarine

103. METEOR M66 GEOMAR

104. ROV Quest (MARUM, Bremen)

105. Volatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones : Climate feedback and trigger mechanisms for natural disasters An overview. 3 Themes, each with 4 Subprojects A Input, subduction processes and structure B Volatiles and fluids in the forearc (continental slope) C Volatile transfer through the volcanic arc into the atmosphere

106. 9°30’ 9°20’ 9°10’ 9°00’ 8°50’ 8°40’ -2000 0 85°90’ 85°80’ 85°70’ 85°60’ 85°50’ 85°00 84°90’ 84°80’ Nicoya Slump Tectonic oversteepening at erosive convergent margins: example: Costa Rica SFB 574, Collaborative Research Centre Volatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones

107. Nicoya Slump slope failure caused by ridge and seamount subduction likely a single, catastrophic (tsunamigenic) event SFB 574, Collaborative Research Centre Volatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones -2000 0 9°30’ 9°20’ 9°10’ 9°00’ 85°90’ 85°80’ 85°70’ 85°60’ 85°50’ 84°00

108. 9°30’ 9°20’ 9°10’ 9°00’ 8°50’ 8°40’ -2000 0 85°90’ 85°80’ 85°70’ 85°60’ 85°50’ 85°00 84°90’ 84°80’ Nicoya Slump Jaco Scarp Tectonic oversteepening at erosive convergent margins: example: Costa Rica SFB 574, Collaborative Research Centre Volatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones

109. Jaco Scarp continous slope indentation and failure caused by seamount subduction in a series of small scale slide events SFB 574, Collaborative Research Centre Volatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones

110. 9°30’ 9°20’ 9°10’ 9°00’ 8°50’ 8°40’ -2000 0 85°90’ 85°80’ 85°70’ 85°60’ 85°50’ 85°00 84°90’ 84°80’ Nicoya Slump Jaco Scarp small scale slumping Tectonic oversteepening at erosive convergent margins: example: Costa Rica SFB 574, Collaborative Research Centre Volatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones