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Option Strategist
                              Option Based Portfolio Management

                               Equity Derivatives Solutions – S&P 500 Index
                               October 2012




                                                                                    Q M S Advisors
                                                                                      .    .

This material does not constitute investment advice and should not be viewed as                tel: 078 922 08 77
a current or past recommendation or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any     e-mail: info@qmsadv.com
securities or to adopt any investment strategy.                                      website: www.qmsadv.com
Option Based Portfolio Management
 Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World

              Enhancing Long-Term Portfolio Performance while
GOAL
              Mitigating Equity Drawdown Risks

       Equity markets are likely to keep on experiencing periodic, broad-based and dramatic
       selloffs going forward.
             Adopting an Options Based Portfolio Management approach to investing (OBPM) in
             the chaotic, multi-modal market environment we entered since 2008 is particularly
             pertinent.
       Risk can be an abstract concept until it materializes. In 2008 and early 2009, risk
       materialized as never before and brought awareness to alternative portfolio
       management strategies, such as OBPM.
             Options are particularly adapted to manage portfolio risks. They can be used to
             augment income, enhance return potential and limit portfolio risk. As such, they
             have never been more viable investment tools, especially within an asset allocation
             and portfolio construct.
             In a historical portfolio context, the statistical properties of several OBPM in our
             analysis compare very favorably to traditional long only exposures.

         Q.M.S Advisors   | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                           Page 1
Option Based Portfolio Management
Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
  Option-based strategies:
     The strategies we examine are based on indices created and monitored by the Chicago
     Board Options Exchange (CBOE):
       The CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index – BXM
       The CBOE S&P 500 2% Out-of the Money (OTM) BuyWrite Index – BXY
       The CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index – PUT
       The CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index – CLL
     Each of these indices has over twenty years of daily return data and follow a consistent
     methodology for re-establishing or rolling the option hedge upon or just prior to
     expiration.

  We also cover three additional Option Based Portfolio Management strategies that
  merit consideration by investors, but for which there is not as much return
  information. It is important to note that these OBPM strategies are purely systematic,
  and that they maintain a strict and fully invested profile, holding both the long
  position in the index and the option position(s) at all times.
  Our approach is that of a portfolio manager, and not a trader, as these are all passive
  strategies. However, it is possible to pursue active approaches as well.

    Q.M.S Advisors   | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                      Page 2
Option Based Portfolio Management
Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
  Numerous Supporting Studies
       Over the past several years, multiple studies of OBPMS have been published—both
       by independent consulting firms and industry organizations. While the studies are
       careful not to openly endorse the strategies, the data regarding the average return
       and low standard deviation of returns speak for themselves. Q.M.S Advisors recently
       conducted its own return and risk analysis and the results continue to hold up very
       well compared to both long-only equity strategies and fixed income strategies.
       From an Efficient Frontier perspective, OBPM dominate other asset classes and
       strategies over the time period considered.

  Prudence, Theory and Practice
       In the current environment, investors need exposure to risk assets to meet their
       required returns, to collect income or to reduce or limit risk. All of the strategies we
       consider provide one or more of the aforementioned characteristics.
       Over the time period we considered, exposure to OBPM strategies brought both
       solid returns and risk reduction characteristics to a well diversified portfolio. Reliable
       return enhancing and/or risk reducing strategies that can be implemented in a cost-
       efficient manner should be considered at the Strategic Asset Allocation level.

    Q.M.S Advisors   | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                      Page 3
Option Based Portfolio Management
Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
  Strategic Asset Allocation and Investability
        Q.M.S Advisors’ view is that reliable portfolio management approaches rest upon
        sound Investment Policy Statement (IPS) and Strategic Asset Allocation foundations.
             This is also what makes ad hoc option overlays or trading so tactically challenging. Without
             being formally addressed in the IPS, adding option positions informally introduces serious
             timing issues as well as potentially serious disruption to the formal asset allocation.
        Q.M.S Advisors’ believes that when OBPM strategies are formally examined and
        considered, investors can and should make permanent allocations to them because
        of their superlative long term risk and return characteristics.
             Academic research supports the stylized fact that implied volatility has been and most
             likely will remain higher than realized volatility over the long run.
             Historically, OBPM strategies have dominated the efficient frontier.
        OBPMS are highly investable. Option and futures trades are executed on deep,
        transparent, reliable, efficient and extremely liquid markets. Unlike Hedge Fund
        strategies, OBPMS offer full transparency as to the investment methodology and
        associated payoff characteristics . They are also available in vehicles that offer daily
        or even continuous liquidity.

    Q.M.S Advisors   | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                      Page 4
Option Based Portfolio Management
                Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World

                               Whether considered on a standalone or total portfolio basis,
     RATIONALE
                               OBPM offered compelling statistical properties


                                                                                               CBOE S&P 500 2%
Based on audited historical data from  Libor 3-         S&P 500 TR        CBOE S&P 500                                      CBOE S&P 500     CBOE S&P 500 95-
                                                                                                OTM BuyWrite
01.01.1989 to 28.09.2012              Month USD           Index           BuyWrite Index                                    PutWrite Index    110 Collar Index
                                                                                                    Index


Historical Returns                          2.8%            7.4%                8.2%                9.1%                9.7%                5.5%
Historical Volatility                       0.1%           18.2%               12.8%               14.5%               11.9%                11.4%
Historical Skewness                         0.03            -0.26               -0.73               -0.59               -0.76               -0.07
Historical Kurtosis                         2.21            12.01               25.25               17.44               31.09                5.83
Tracking Error                                              0.0%                8.4%                6.2%                9.5%                9.5%
Sharpe Ratio                                0.00             0.25                0.42                0.43                0.57                0.24
Maximum Drawdown                                           -59.6%              -43.5%              -48.6%              -40.2%              -39.6%
Up Market Capture                                           100%                53%                 75%                 44%                  64%
Down Market Capture                                         100%                79%                 89%                 71%                  86%
Correlation to the S&P 500 TR Index         0.01                                0.91                 0.95               0.88                 0.89
Average Beta to the S&P 500 TR Index        0.00                                 0.64                0.76                0.58                0.56
                                                                         Y = 0.64X -0.07 |X| Y = 0.76X -0.05 |X| Y = 0.58X -0.07 |X| Y = 0.56X +0.02 |X|
Beta '+/-' to the S&P 500 TR Index
                                                                              +0.0006             +0.0005             +0.0007              -0.0001
 2
R                                                                                0.84                0.91                0.78                0.80
Convexity                                                                      -0.065              -0.053              -0.067               0.022
Source: Bloomberg, QMS Advisors
                          Q.M.S Advisors   | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                                                                       Page 5
Option Based Portfolio Management
                    Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012

                                                                                Historical Efficient Frontier
                                   12%



                                   10%
  Historical Returns (in % p.a.)




                                   8%



                                   6%



                                   4%



                                   2%



                                   0%
                                         8%            10%                    12%                 14%                  16%                         18%          20%
                                                                                     Historical Volatility (in % p.a.)
                                    Libor 3-Month USD                          S&P 500 TR Index                                  CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index
                                    CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index                CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index                CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index

                                              Q.M.S Advisors      | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                                                                                      Page 6
Option Based Portfolio Management
            Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012

                                                                                                                      Relative Performance
                         1000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             963.5
                          900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             856.3
                          800

                          700                                                                                                                                                                                                                                699.7
   Growth of USD 100.-




                          600                                                                                                                                                                                                                                581.2

                          500

                          400
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             375.4
                          300

                          200

                          100

                            0
                                Jan-89

                                          Jan-90

                                                   Jan-91

                                                              Jan-92

                                                                       Jan-93

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Jan-10

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Jan-11

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Jan-12
                                                            S&P 500 TR Index                                                                                                CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index
                                                            CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index                                                                              CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index
                                                            CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index
                                         Q.M.S Advisors                                  | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Page 7
Option Based Portfolio Management
    Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012




            Q.M.S Advisors      | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                                 Page 8
Option Based Portfolio Management
    Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012

                                                                                  50%                                                                                100%                                                                                                                  50%                                                                                     100%
                                            PDF: Probability Dist. Function (%)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PDF: Probability Dist. Function (%)
                                                                                  45%                                                                                90%                                                                                                                   45%                                                                                     90%




                                                                                                                                                                            CDF: Cum. Distrib. Function (%)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          CDF: Cum. Distrib. Function (%)
                                                                                  40%                                                                                80%                                                                                                                   40%                                                                                     80%
                                                                                  35%                                                                                70%                                                                                                                   35%                                                                                     70%
                                                                                  30%                                                                                60%                                                                                                                   30%                                                                                     60%
                                                                                  25%                                                                                50%                                                                                                                   25%                                                                                     50%
                                                                                  20%                                                                                40%                                                                                                                   20%                                                                                     40%
                                                                                  15%                                                                                30%                                                                                                                   15%                                                                                     30%
                                                                                  10%                                                                                20%                                                                                                                   10%                                                                                     20%
                                                                                  5%                                                                                 10%                                                                                                                    5%                                                                                     10%
                                                                                  0%                                                                                 0%                                                                                                                     0%                                                                                     0%
                                                                                        -6%

                                                                                              -5%

                                                                                                     -4%

                                                                                                           -3%

                                                                                                                  -2%

                                                                                                                          -1%

                                                                                                                                     0%

                                                                                                                                           1%

                                                                                                                                                 2%

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  -6%

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              -4%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    -3%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           -2%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   -1%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1%

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5%
                                                                                                      Proba. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index                                                                                                                                                                      Proba. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index
                                                                                                      Proba. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index                                                                                                                                                           Proba. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index
                                                                                                      Cumul. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index                                                                                                                                                                      Cumul. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index
                                                                                                      Cumul. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index                                                                                                                                                           Cumul. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index

                                           50%                                                                                                                       100%                                                                           50%                                                                                                                            100%
     PDF: Probability Dist. Function (%)




                                                                                                                                                                                                              PDF: Probability Dist. Function (%)
                                           45%                                                                                                                       90%                                                                            45%                                                                                                                            90%




                                                                                                                                                                            CDF: Cum. Distrib. Function (%)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          CDF: Cum. Distrib. Function (%)
                                           40%                                                                                                                       80%                                                                            40%                                                                                                                            80%
                                           35%                                                                                                                       70%                                                                            35%                                                                                                                            70%
                                           30%                                                                                                                       60%                                                                            30%                                                                                                                            60%
                                           25%                                                                                                                       50%                                                                            25%                                                                                                                            50%
                                           20%                                                                                                                       40%                                                                            20%                                                                                                                            40%
                                           15%                                                                                                                       30%                                                                            15%                                                                                                                            30%
                                           10%                                                                                                                       20%                                                                            10%                                                                                                                            20%
                                           5%                                                                                                                        10%                                                                            5%                                                                                                                             10%
                                           0%                                                                                                                        0%                                                                             0%                                                                                                                             0%
                                                                                  -6%

                                                                                        -5%

                                                                                              -4%

                                                                                                     -3%

                                                                                                            -2%

                                                                                                                    -1%

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                                                                                                                                          1%

                                                                                                                                                2%

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           -6%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 -5%

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     -2%

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5%
                                                                                                    Proba. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index                                                                                                                                                                        Proba. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index
                                                                                                    Proba. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index                                                                                                                                                             Proba. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index
                                                                                                    Cumul. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index                                                                                                                                                                        Cumul. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index
                                                                                                    Cumul. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index                                                                                                                                                             Cumul. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index


                                                                                   Q.M.S Advisors                                    | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Page 9
Option Based Portfolio Management
                Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012

                                     Jan-89                                                                     Maximum Drawdowns

                                               Jan-90

                                                        Jan-91

                                                                 Jan-92

                                                                          Jan-93

                                                                                   Jan-94

                                                                                            Jan-95

                                                                                                     Jan-96

                                                                                                              Jan-97

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Jan-10

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Jan-11

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Jan-12
                               0%


                              -10%
   Maximum Drawdowns (in %)




                              -20%


                              -30%


                              -40%


                              -50%


                              -60%


                              -70%
                                               S&P 500 TR Index                                                                                                     CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index
                                               CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index                                                                                   CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index
                                               CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index
                                              Q.M.S Advisors                          | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Page 10
Option Based Portfolio Management
Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
  Source of excess returns and sustainability
        There are three sources of return inherent to the OBPM strategies we presented.
             Two of the return streams are commonly earned by investors, namely the Treasury bill
             return and the downside returns to the S&P 500 stock market index. Given that these two
             market exposures are widely held and understood, we traditional beta exposures.
        In addition to the traditional beta exposures, investors in OBPM strategies earn
        returns from an exotic beta source: equity market volatility.
             The source of the excess returns to this strategy comes from the tendency of index options
             to trade at prices above their fair value. As the demand for index options is high, and the
             natural number of options sellers is low, the buyers of options tend to pay a premium for
             the ability to insure against falling stock prices. In options lingo, the implied volatility tends
             to trade at a higher level than the realized volatility.
             Sellers of index options, over long periods of time, earn this risk premium of the excess of
             implied volatility over realized volatility as compensation for selling volatility. Notice, in our
             next slide, that realized volatility rarely exceeds implied volatility over a 1-month period.
             We believe that investors in OBPM strategies will continue to earn the volatility risk
             premium, as buyers of index put options seem to be willing to pay for insurance, while
             sellers of index put options continue to demand a risk premium to provide this insurance
             coverage.
    Q.M.S Advisors   | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                         Page 11
Option Based Portfolio Management
         Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 2005 to Sep. 28th 2012

                                                                                         30 Days Historical VS Implied Volatilities
                            100%                                                                                                                                                                                                                           30%

                            90%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           20%
                            80%




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Volatility Differential (in % p.a.)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           10%
                            70%
   Volatility (in % p.a.)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0%
                            60%

                            50%                                                                                                                                                                                                                            -10%

                            40%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           -20%
                            30%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           -30%
                            20%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           -40%
                            10%

                             0%                                                                                                                                                                                                                            -50%
                                            May-05




                                                                       May-06




                                                                                                  May-07




                                                                                                                             May-08




                                                                                                                                                        May-09




                                                                                                                                                                                   May-10




                                                                                                                                                                                                              May-11




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         May-12
                                   Jan-05



                                                     Sep-05

                                                              Jan-06



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                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Sep-11

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Jan-12



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Sep-12
                              Volatility Differental RHS (in % p.a.)                                                                                    S&P500: 30 Days Implicit Volatility in % p.a. X=100%
                              S&P500: Historical 30 Days Volatility in % p.a.
                                      Q.M.S Advisors                                | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Page 12
Option Based Portfolio Management
    Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 2005 to Sep. 28th 2012




            Q.M.S Advisors      | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                                 Page 13
Option Based Portfolio Management
Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
  Option Based Portfolio Management strategies are valuable tools in the
  investment toolbox. They can provide income, attractive risk adjusted returns
  and the potential for a cushion during market downturns.
        From Q.M.S Advisors vantage point, we see growing conviction in the marketplace
        for moderating long term return expectations. Combine this view with a low interest
        rate environment and the result is an increasing number of investors searching for
        higher levels of portfolio income and protection against short term volatility. One
        way investors are achieving these goals is by implementing indexed or active call
        overwriting programs against long portfolios. In this paper, our objective is to review
        basic strategy characteristics, risk/reward profiles and key overwriting strategy
        design factors.
        Naturally these elements should be viewed against the backdrop of overall portfolio
        objectives, current volatility regime and expectations for future volatility in order to
        optimize the strategy.



    Q.M.S Advisors   | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                      Page 14
Option Based Portfolio Management
Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World
  Option Based Portfolio Management are valuable tools in the investment
  toolbox. They can provide income, attractive risk adjusted returns and the
  potential for a cushion during market downturns.
        Total Growth. Total growth since 1989 were 9.7% p.a. for the PUT Index, 8.2%
        p.a. for the BXM Index, 9.1% p.a. for the BXY Index, 7.4% for the S&P 500® Total
        Return Index, and 5.5% for the CLL Index.
        Lower Volatility. The PUT, BXM, BXY and CLL indices all had volatility that were
        significantly lower than the volatility of the S&P 500 TR Index.
        Left-tail Risk. Over the past 23 years, the maximum drawdown for the S&P 500
        TR Index was a decline of 59.6 percent, compared to less than 50% for all other
        indices (from -48.6% for the BXY to -39.6% for the CLL).
        Risk-adjusted Returns. One measure of risk-adjusted returns, the Sharpe Ratio,
        was 0.57 for the PUT Index, 0.43 for BXY, 0.42 for BXM, 0.25 for S&P 500 TR, and
        0.30 for CLL Index. Please note that all the indexes had negative skewness.
        Monthly Premium Income. The average for the gross monthly premiums
        collected by the BXM Index was 1.7 percent and were usually richly priced.
    Q.M.S Advisors   | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
                                                                                                      Page 15

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Option Based Portfolio Management

  • 1. Option Strategist Option Based Portfolio Management Equity Derivatives Solutions – S&P 500 Index October 2012 Q M S Advisors . . This material does not constitute investment advice and should not be viewed as tel: 078 922 08 77 a current or past recommendation or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any e-mail: info@qmsadv.com securities or to adopt any investment strategy. website: www.qmsadv.com
  • 2. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Enhancing Long-Term Portfolio Performance while GOAL Mitigating Equity Drawdown Risks Equity markets are likely to keep on experiencing periodic, broad-based and dramatic selloffs going forward. Adopting an Options Based Portfolio Management approach to investing (OBPM) in the chaotic, multi-modal market environment we entered since 2008 is particularly pertinent. Risk can be an abstract concept until it materializes. In 2008 and early 2009, risk materialized as never before and brought awareness to alternative portfolio management strategies, such as OBPM. Options are particularly adapted to manage portfolio risks. They can be used to augment income, enhance return potential and limit portfolio risk. As such, they have never been more viable investment tools, especially within an asset allocation and portfolio construct. In a historical portfolio context, the statistical properties of several OBPM in our analysis compare very favorably to traditional long only exposures. Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 1
  • 3. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Option-based strategies: The strategies we examine are based on indices created and monitored by the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE): The CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index – BXM The CBOE S&P 500 2% Out-of the Money (OTM) BuyWrite Index – BXY The CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index – PUT The CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index – CLL Each of these indices has over twenty years of daily return data and follow a consistent methodology for re-establishing or rolling the option hedge upon or just prior to expiration. We also cover three additional Option Based Portfolio Management strategies that merit consideration by investors, but for which there is not as much return information. It is important to note that these OBPM strategies are purely systematic, and that they maintain a strict and fully invested profile, holding both the long position in the index and the option position(s) at all times. Our approach is that of a portfolio manager, and not a trader, as these are all passive strategies. However, it is possible to pursue active approaches as well. Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 2
  • 4. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Numerous Supporting Studies Over the past several years, multiple studies of OBPMS have been published—both by independent consulting firms and industry organizations. While the studies are careful not to openly endorse the strategies, the data regarding the average return and low standard deviation of returns speak for themselves. Q.M.S Advisors recently conducted its own return and risk analysis and the results continue to hold up very well compared to both long-only equity strategies and fixed income strategies. From an Efficient Frontier perspective, OBPM dominate other asset classes and strategies over the time period considered. Prudence, Theory and Practice In the current environment, investors need exposure to risk assets to meet their required returns, to collect income or to reduce or limit risk. All of the strategies we consider provide one or more of the aforementioned characteristics. Over the time period we considered, exposure to OBPM strategies brought both solid returns and risk reduction characteristics to a well diversified portfolio. Reliable return enhancing and/or risk reducing strategies that can be implemented in a cost- efficient manner should be considered at the Strategic Asset Allocation level. Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 3
  • 5. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Strategic Asset Allocation and Investability Q.M.S Advisors’ view is that reliable portfolio management approaches rest upon sound Investment Policy Statement (IPS) and Strategic Asset Allocation foundations. This is also what makes ad hoc option overlays or trading so tactically challenging. Without being formally addressed in the IPS, adding option positions informally introduces serious timing issues as well as potentially serious disruption to the formal asset allocation. Q.M.S Advisors’ believes that when OBPM strategies are formally examined and considered, investors can and should make permanent allocations to them because of their superlative long term risk and return characteristics. Academic research supports the stylized fact that implied volatility has been and most likely will remain higher than realized volatility over the long run. Historically, OBPM strategies have dominated the efficient frontier. OBPMS are highly investable. Option and futures trades are executed on deep, transparent, reliable, efficient and extremely liquid markets. Unlike Hedge Fund strategies, OBPMS offer full transparency as to the investment methodology and associated payoff characteristics . They are also available in vehicles that offer daily or even continuous liquidity. Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 4
  • 6. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Whether considered on a standalone or total portfolio basis, RATIONALE OBPM offered compelling statistical properties CBOE S&P 500 2% Based on audited historical data from Libor 3- S&P 500 TR CBOE S&P 500 CBOE S&P 500 CBOE S&P 500 95- OTM BuyWrite 01.01.1989 to 28.09.2012 Month USD Index BuyWrite Index PutWrite Index 110 Collar Index Index Historical Returns 2.8% 7.4% 8.2% 9.1% 9.7% 5.5% Historical Volatility 0.1% 18.2% 12.8% 14.5% 11.9% 11.4% Historical Skewness 0.03 -0.26 -0.73 -0.59 -0.76 -0.07 Historical Kurtosis 2.21 12.01 25.25 17.44 31.09 5.83 Tracking Error 0.0% 8.4% 6.2% 9.5% 9.5% Sharpe Ratio 0.00 0.25 0.42 0.43 0.57 0.24 Maximum Drawdown -59.6% -43.5% -48.6% -40.2% -39.6% Up Market Capture 100% 53% 75% 44% 64% Down Market Capture 100% 79% 89% 71% 86% Correlation to the S&P 500 TR Index 0.01 0.91 0.95 0.88 0.89 Average Beta to the S&P 500 TR Index 0.00 0.64 0.76 0.58 0.56 Y = 0.64X -0.07 |X| Y = 0.76X -0.05 |X| Y = 0.58X -0.07 |X| Y = 0.56X +0.02 |X| Beta '+/-' to the S&P 500 TR Index +0.0006 +0.0005 +0.0007 -0.0001 2 R 0.84 0.91 0.78 0.80 Convexity -0.065 -0.053 -0.067 0.022 Source: Bloomberg, QMS Advisors Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 5
  • 7. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012 Historical Efficient Frontier 12% 10% Historical Returns (in % p.a.) 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% Historical Volatility (in % p.a.) Libor 3-Month USD S&P 500 TR Index CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 6
  • 8. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012 Relative Performance 1000 963.5 900 856.3 800 700 699.7 Growth of USD 100.- 600 581.2 500 400 375.4 300 200 100 0 Jan-89 Jan-90 Jan-91 Jan-92 Jan-93 Jan-94 Jan-95 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 S&P 500 TR Index CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 7
  • 9. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012 Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 8
  • 10. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012 50% 100% 50% 100% PDF: Probability Dist. Function (%) PDF: Probability Dist. Function (%) 45% 90% 45% 90% CDF: Cum. Distrib. Function (%) CDF: Cum. Distrib. Function (%) 40% 80% 40% 80% 35% 70% 35% 70% 30% 60% 30% 60% 25% 50% 25% 50% 20% 40% 20% 40% 15% 30% 15% 30% 10% 20% 10% 20% 5% 10% 5% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% -6% -5% -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% -6% -5% -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% Proba. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index Proba. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index Proba. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index Proba. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index Cumul. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index Cumul. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index Cumul. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index Cumul. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index 50% 100% 50% 100% PDF: Probability Dist. Function (%) PDF: Probability Dist. Function (%) 45% 90% 45% 90% CDF: Cum. Distrib. Function (%) CDF: Cum. Distrib. Function (%) 40% 80% 40% 80% 35% 70% 35% 70% 30% 60% 30% 60% 25% 50% 25% 50% 20% 40% 20% 40% 15% 30% 15% 30% 10% 20% 10% 20% 5% 10% 5% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% -6% -5% -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% -6% -5% -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% Proba. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index Proba. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index Proba. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index Proba. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index Cumul. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index Cumul. Dist. F(). S&P 500 TR Index Cumul. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index Cumul. Dist. F(). CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 9
  • 11. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 1989 to Sep. 28th 2012 Jan-89 Maximum Drawdowns Jan-90 Jan-91 Jan-92 Jan-93 Jan-94 Jan-95 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 0% -10% Maximum Drawdowns (in %) -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% S&P 500 TR Index CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index CBOE S&P 500 95-110 Collar Index Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 10
  • 12. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Source of excess returns and sustainability There are three sources of return inherent to the OBPM strategies we presented. Two of the return streams are commonly earned by investors, namely the Treasury bill return and the downside returns to the S&P 500 stock market index. Given that these two market exposures are widely held and understood, we traditional beta exposures. In addition to the traditional beta exposures, investors in OBPM strategies earn returns from an exotic beta source: equity market volatility. The source of the excess returns to this strategy comes from the tendency of index options to trade at prices above their fair value. As the demand for index options is high, and the natural number of options sellers is low, the buyers of options tend to pay a premium for the ability to insure against falling stock prices. In options lingo, the implied volatility tends to trade at a higher level than the realized volatility. Sellers of index options, over long periods of time, earn this risk premium of the excess of implied volatility over realized volatility as compensation for selling volatility. Notice, in our next slide, that realized volatility rarely exceeds implied volatility over a 1-month period. We believe that investors in OBPM strategies will continue to earn the volatility risk premium, as buyers of index put options seem to be willing to pay for insurance, while sellers of index put options continue to demand a risk premium to provide this insurance coverage. Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 11
  • 13. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 2005 to Sep. 28th 2012 30 Days Historical VS Implied Volatilities 100% 30% 90% 20% 80% Volatility Differential (in % p.a.) 10% 70% Volatility (in % p.a.) 0% 60% 50% -10% 40% -20% 30% -30% 20% -40% 10% 0% -50% May-05 May-06 May-07 May-08 May-09 May-10 May-11 May-12 Jan-05 Sep-05 Jan-06 Sep-06 Jan-07 Sep-07 Jan-08 Sep-08 Jan-09 Sep-09 Jan-10 Sep-10 Jan-11 Sep-11 Jan-12 Sep-12 Volatility Differental RHS (in % p.a.) S&P500: 30 Days Implicit Volatility in % p.a. X=100% S&P500: Historical 30 Days Volatility in % p.a. Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 12
  • 14. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Based on Audited Historical Data from Jan. 1st 2005 to Sep. 28th 2012 Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 13
  • 15. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Option Based Portfolio Management strategies are valuable tools in the investment toolbox. They can provide income, attractive risk adjusted returns and the potential for a cushion during market downturns. From Q.M.S Advisors vantage point, we see growing conviction in the marketplace for moderating long term return expectations. Combine this view with a low interest rate environment and the result is an increasing number of investors searching for higher levels of portfolio income and protection against short term volatility. One way investors are achieving these goals is by implementing indexed or active call overwriting programs against long portfolios. In this paper, our objective is to review basic strategy characteristics, risk/reward profiles and key overwriting strategy design factors. Naturally these elements should be viewed against the backdrop of overall portfolio objectives, current volatility regime and expectations for future volatility in order to optimize the strategy. Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 14
  • 16. Option Based Portfolio Management Tail-risk Hedging and Income in a Multimodal World Option Based Portfolio Management are valuable tools in the investment toolbox. They can provide income, attractive risk adjusted returns and the potential for a cushion during market downturns. Total Growth. Total growth since 1989 were 9.7% p.a. for the PUT Index, 8.2% p.a. for the BXM Index, 9.1% p.a. for the BXY Index, 7.4% for the S&P 500® Total Return Index, and 5.5% for the CLL Index. Lower Volatility. The PUT, BXM, BXY and CLL indices all had volatility that were significantly lower than the volatility of the S&P 500 TR Index. Left-tail Risk. Over the past 23 years, the maximum drawdown for the S&P 500 TR Index was a decline of 59.6 percent, compared to less than 50% for all other indices (from -48.6% for the BXY to -39.6% for the CLL). Risk-adjusted Returns. One measure of risk-adjusted returns, the Sharpe Ratio, was 0.57 for the PUT Index, 0.43 for BXY, 0.42 for BXM, 0.25 for S&P 500 TR, and 0.30 for CLL Index. Please note that all the indexes had negative skewness. Monthly Premium Income. The average for the gross monthly premiums collected by the BXM Index was 1.7 percent and were usually richly priced. Q.M.S Advisors | tel: +41 (0)78 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com Page 15