This document provides an overview of heat, phases of matter, and waves. It contains 3 key points: 1) It describes the concepts of temperature, phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas), and how adding or removing heat can change the phase. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but not shape, and gases spread out indefinitely and take the shape of their container. 2) It explains different types of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation. It also defines concepts like insulators, conductors, and thermal equilibrium. 3) It introduces the properties and types of waves, including transverse and longitudinal waves. It discusses wave interactions such as reflection,

1. Physics :
HEAT &
WAVESppt. by Robin D. Seamon
(Heat & Temperature / Energy Waves)

2. HEAT
SCIENCE SONGS
THERMAL
ENGERGY=
ATOMS
MOVING!

3. •Temperature: average kinetic Energy of
particles in an object
Solid
Liquid
Gas
http://www.bcssa.org/newsroom/scholarships
/great8sci/Matter/Choose_Matter.html
The more kinetic E
the higher the temp.
Add heat to change
phases
Interactive
LAB
PHASES
•Density: how close the atoms are in the element

4. SOLIDS: atoms are tightly packed
movement of atoms is small & rapid because of
the close bonds
-definite volume & shape
LIQUIDS: atoms are farther apart than solids and
can slip around each other faster
-definite volume; no definite shape so will take
the shape of container
GASES: atoms are farthest apart and can move
about freely. (unconstrained gases will
spread out indefinitely; confined gases
take shape of container.)
-no definite volume or shape

5. ELEMENTS:
Different elements have different properties-
•Boiling point: point at which the atoms in a liquid
state vibrate and become a gas (hot)
-different for each element!
•Melting point: point at which the atoms in the solid
state vibrate and become a liquid (hot)
-different for each element!
VIDEO: Making molecules with atoms (2 min)
Elements LINK SONG (3.5 min)
VIDEO: Energy Sources
VIDEO: Energy Flow (2 min)
VIDEO: How Electricity is Made (2 min)
Molecules in motion SONG (3 min)

6. Solubility: amount of a solute that can be
dissolved in a solvent
-depends on the chemistry of it
-depends on the temperature
of it (warm dissolves faster)
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solution.html

7. HEAT Labs
• Heat absorption
• Melting point
• Boiling point
• Solubility

8. •Thermometer: thin glass tube filled with
mercury or alcohol
•Thermal expansion: temp goes up,
volume goes up b/c particles spread out
examples:
thermometer, hwy joints, bimetallic strips in
thermostats
Kelvin Celcius Farenheit
373°K 100°C 212°F
310°K 37°C 98.6°F
273°K 0°C 32°F
Kelvin 0 = when
all molecular
motion stops

9. Thermostat:

10. •Conduit: conducts/ allows Energy transfer;
water, metal
•Insulator: does not allow Energy transfer;
fiberglass, cardboard, air, cork, wood,
rubber, wood
•Heat: Energy transferred between objects
at different temperatures; thermal Energy
If two objects are connected, there is always transfer
between high temp to low temp
•Thermal equilibrium Energy transfer until
the same temperature on both (balanced)

11. Put ‘C’ for Conductor & ‘I’ for Insulator.
Curling iron
oven mitt
ceramic bowl
iron skillet
stove coil
cookie sheet
plastic spatula
fiberglass insulation
copper pipe
Why would we want an object to be an insulator?
Why would we want an object to be a conductor?

12. •Conduction transfer of thermal energy through
direct contact
•Thermal (warm object touches a cold object)
•Mechanical (kinetic E) 2 objects push or pull
on each other
•Electrical (current) battery or generator is
connected in a complete circuit to a device
•Convection transfer of thermal energy by
movement of liquid/gas (hot up, cold down)
•Radiation transfer of thermal energy by
electromagnetic waves (visible light & ultraviolet
waves)
HOW DO OBECTS HEAT UP?

13. QUESTION: Which changes temperature faster:
--air, water?
Can’t measure transferred E directly; must be
calculated:
Heat (J) = specific heat x mass x change in temp
VIDEO: Heat Transmission (3 min)
HSW video: Fiberglass insulation
VIDEO: RADIATION
VIDEO: Geothermal Power (2 min)
HSW video: THERMAL RADIATION universe (2 min)
HEAT experiment 5 card LINK: http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=sce304

14. Materials:
Sugar, hot water, cold water, spoon
Sugar Solution Lab
1. Define solubility: _____________________________________________
2. In this experiment, which was the solute? _____________ Which was the solvent?
___________
3. Which jar dissolved the sugar the fastest? _______________
4. Which jar dissolved the most sugar? ______________
5. Answer: Was your hypothesis correct? ________
6. Explain why the sugar dissolved faster in the ______ water. (Use words from the
word bank.) _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
7. What happened to the solution when you could not dissolve any more sugar in the
solutions?________________________________
8. What does kinetic energy have to do with solubility? _________________________
___________________________________________________________________
9. What would be the best way to make sweet tea? ____________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Variables:
Independent variable- hot water, cold water
Dependent variable- sugar, size of container, amount of water WORD BANK
Solvent
Solute
Solubility
Saturation
Molecules
Atoms
Kinetic energy
Density
QUESTION: Does the temperature of a liquid affect the
dissolving of a solute into a solvent?
PROCEDURE:
1.Prediction: In which solution do you think the sugar will dissolve
best? ____________________
2.Add the same amount of water to each jar (1 hot, 1 cold)
3.Add a spoon of sugar to each jar. Stir.
4.Add equal spoonfuls of sugar to each jar until no more
dissolving is taking place.
5.Observe & answer the questions below.
6.Cleanup.

15. LAB: Feel the Heat
Trial Mass of nails (g) Volume of water that
equals mass of nails
(mL)
Initial temp. of water
& nails
Initial temp of water
to which nails will be
transferred
Final temp of
water and nails
combined
1
2
Procedure:
• Bundle the nails together with a rubber band. Record the mass. Tie string around, leaving one end 15
cm long.
• Put bundle of nails into a cup, letting string dangle out. Fill the cup with hot water, covering nails. Set
aside 5 min.
• Use graduated cylinder to measure enough cold water to exactly the mass of nails. Record.
• Measure & record the temp of the hot water with the nails & temp of cold water.
• Use string to transfer the bundle of nails to the cup of cold water. Use the thermometer to monitor the
temperature of water-nail mixture. When the temp stops changing record this final temp.
• Empty cups, dry nails. Repeat for trial 2, but switch the hot & cold water. Record data.
Conclusion:
The cold water in Trial 1 gained energy. Where did the E come from?
How does the E gained by the nails in Trial 2 compare with the E lost by the hot water in Trial 2?
Which material seems to be able to hold E better… iron or water?
p. 430
Materials: balance, 2 cups, cylinder, 10 nails, string, rubber band, thermometer, hot water, cold water

16. WAVES
SCIENCE SONGS

17. •Wave: disturbance that transmits Energy
through matter or empty space;
--as wave travels it does work on everything in its
path
•Mechanical waves: need a medium
examples- sound wave, ocean wave
•Some waves don’t need a medium
examples- visible light, microwaves, tv, radio
signals, x-rays

18. Compression waves pressed close together
Rarefraction waves stretched farther apart
Example: sound wave

19. Rarefraction

22. Waves:
Transverse wave- particles move up & down,
perpendicular to direction wave is going
Longitudinal wave- particle move horizontally
along the wave in the direction the wave is moving
Surface wave- combination of transverse &
longitudinal wave
VIDEO: HSW Wavelength Basics
ADVANCE

23. Transverse wave- particles move up & down,
perpendicular to direction wave is going
BACK

24. Longitudinal wave- particle move horizontally along
the wave in the direction the wave is moving
BACK

25. Surface Waves
HSW: Waves of Destruction Surface Waves (3 min)
Video: Waves (2 min)
BACK

27. Properties of Waves
•Amplitude: maximum distance the particles vibrate
•Wavelength: distance between two crests or
compressions in a wave
•Frequency: number of waves in a given amount of
time
•Wave speed: speed at which wave travels (v)

28. Wave Interactions
reflection- wave bounces back after hitting a barrier;
examples:
light reflected lets us see it
sound echoes
refraction- bending of a wave as it passes from one
medium to another at an angle (because wave
changes speed in a different medium)
example:
light through a prism (light is dispersed into separate colors)

29. Diffraction bending of waves around a barrier
Interference two or more waves overlap
-constructive interference 2 waves overlap
crests & troughs, combining both waves’ energy…
makes it stronger!
-destructive interference 2 waves overlap
one crest on one trough, cancels out each other’s
Energy
HSW: Assignment Discovery: Sound/Interference (1 ½ min)
Ripple Tank Simulation

32. Standing waves: pattern looks like wave is
standing still
Resonance: two objects naturally vibrate at the
same frequency; sound of one causes the other to
vibrate
VIDEO: Sound/Resonance-Shattering glass (15 min) United
Streaming

33. LAB: Musical Instruments

34. LAB: Musical Instruments

35. SCIENCE SONGS