The document discusses the major river systems of India. It describes the Himalayan rivers as being perennial and fed by snowmelt, with the Indus, Brahmaputra, and Ganga being the major rivers. It then discusses the peninsular rivers, which are seasonal and flow dependent on rainfall. Some notable peninsular rivers mentioned are the Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri. The document then provides more details on the courses and basins of several key rivers including the Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganga, Yamuna, Narmada, Godavari, Tapi, Mahanadi, and Kaveri.

1. the river system of an area.
THE AREA DRAINED
BY A SINGLE RIVER
SYSTEM IS CALLED
DRAINAGE BASIN

2.  The Himalayan river system
 They are Perennial. They have
water throughout the year.
 They receive their water form
rain as well as melted snow for
the mountains.
 The major rivers the Indus, the
Brahmaputra and Ganga.
 The rivers are long and have
large volume of water.
 They cover a large land area.
 They perform intensive
erosional activity form
meanders, ox-bow lake, and
delta.
 The Peninsular river system.
 They are seasonal and their
flow is dependent on
rainfall.
 Some of the rivers such as
Narmada and Tapi originate
in the Central highlands and
westward but most for
eastwards and drain into the
Bay of Bengal
 They are short, and cover a
comparatively short
distance.
 They are seasonal rivers as
they are drained by rains

3. A river along with its
tributaries is known
as river system

6.  The Indus flows through Baltistan and Gilgit and emerges
from the mountains at Attock .
 The Indus has a length of 2900 km which makes it one of
the longest rivers
 Over a third of the Indus basin is located in India in the
states of Jammu and Kashmir , Himachal Pradesh ,and
Punjab and the rest in Pakistan

7. THE COURSE OF THE
RIVER

8.  It rises in Tibet east of Mansarovar lake.
 It flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas.
On reaching the Namcha Barwa it takes a U
turn and enters India in ARUNACHAL
PRADESH through a gorge. Here it called
Dihang. It is joined by the Dibang , the Lohit
,and many other tributaries to form the
Brahmaputra in Assam
 In Tibet it carries a smaller volume of water
and silt as it is a cold and a dry area.
 I t passed the entire of Assam and form
riverine islands

9.  Every year during the rainy season , the river
overflows its banks , causing widespread
devastsation due to floods in Assam and
Bangladesh . Unlike other north Indian rivers
the Brahmaputra is marked by huge deposit of
silt on its bed causing the river bed to rise . The
river also shifts its channel frequently

11. The Course Of The
River Ganga  The headwaters of the
Ganga, called the Bhagirathi is fed
by the Gangotri Glacier and
joined the Alaknanda at Devpryag
in uttarkhand.
 At Haridwar the Ganga emerges
from the mountains on the the
plains.
 The Ganga is joined by many
tributaries from Himalayas a few
of them being major rivers such as
the Yamuna, the Ghaghara the
Gandak and Kosi

12. The river Yamuna rises
from the Yamunotri
Glacier in the Himalayas
. It flows parallel to the
Ganga and as a right
bank tributary meets
ganga at Allahabad .
The Ghagra, the Gandak
, and the Kosi rise in the
Nepal Himalaya .The
main tributaries from
the peninsular uplands
are the chambal,the
betwa and the son .
These rise from semi
arid areas, have short
courses and do not carry
much water in them
 The ganga flows eastwards
till Farakka in west bengal .
This is the northern most
point of the ganga delta . The
length of ganga is over
2500km , Ambala is located
on the water divide between
the Indus and the ganga river
systems .
 The plains from Ambala to
the Sunderban stretch over
nearly 1800km

15.  The Narmada rises in the
Amarkantak hill in
Madhya Pradesh.It flows
towards west in a rift
valley formed due to
faulting .
 The Marble rocks near
Jabalpur; the river flows
through a deep gorge.
 The Dhuadhar falls are
great attractions in the
Narmada Basin
 The narmada basin covers
parts of madhya pradesh
and gujarat

17.  It is known as the Dakshin ganga because of its
length and the area it covers.
 It is the largest PENINSULAR river.
 It rises in the slopes of the Western Ghats in the
Nasik district and drains into the Bay of Bengal.
 It drainage basin covers parts of Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
 It tributaries are Purna, the Waedha, pranhita, the
Manjra, the Waiganga and Penganga
 Its length is about 1500km
 It drains into the Bay of Bengal . Its drainage basin
is also the largest among the peninsular rivers .

18.  It rises near
Mahabeleshwar and
flows for about 1400 km
and reaches the Bay of
Bengal.
 The Drainge basin is
shared by Maharashtra,
Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh.
 The tungabhadra , the
koyana ,the ghatprabha
, the musi, tribut and
the bhima are some of
its tributaries

20. The Tapi rises in the Satpura
ranges in the Betul districts of
Madhya Pradesh.
It flows in a rift valley parallel
to river Narmada.
Basin covers parts of madhya
pradesh ,gujarat, and
maharashtra.
The main west flowing rivers
are sabarmati, mahi,
bharatpuzha and periyar.

22. The Mahanadi rises in the highlands
of Chattisgarh. It flows through
Orissa to reach the bay of Bengal. the
length of the river is 860 km . Its
drainage basin is shared by
Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand
and Orissa

24. The Kaveri rises in the
Brahmagiri range of the western
ghats and it reaches the Bay of
Bengal in south of Cuddalore , in
Tamil nadu . Total length of the
river is 760 km .Its main
Tributaries are
Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati, an
d Kabini . Its basin drains parts of
karnataka, kearla and tamil nadu

25. Frsh water
lakes
Salt water
lakes
Manmade
lakes
Types of lakes