1) Egypt has great potential for solar energy due to its high solar irradiation but faces challenges of increasing energy and water demands as well as depleting fossil fuel resources. 2) Several solar energy projects and initiatives are underway in Egypt including concentrated solar power plants, photovoltaic installations, and solar water heating as well as research and educational programs. 3) Renewable energy education in Egypt occurs at public and private universities, though greater cooperation with European institutes is needed to strengthen research and development efforts and link them more closely with education programs.

1. Prof. Adel Khalil
Faculty of Engineering- Cairo University
Solar Thermal Energy in Egypt
Potential, Education and Research
!1
Conference on Solar Thermal Energy in Egypt
Heliopolis University 11 June 2013

2. Egypt Challenges
Energy-Water Demand
• 28 GW Electricity Generation Capacity (55
GW by 2020)-Energy is subsidized
• 6-7 % growth rate
• Depleting Oil/Gas resources
• 20% Renewable Energy by 2020
• Water Resources (60 Bm3/y)- threatened
• 700 m3/Capita/year(below water poverty
level)-demand doubles by 2050
!2

3. Renewable Energy Resources in EUMENA
Biomass (1)
Wind Energy (30)
Geothermal Energy (1)
Hydropower (30)
Solar Energy (250)
(Typical Yield in GWhel/km²/y)
!3

4. !4

5. Electricity production : 10GW projects
The Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP)
(20 GW by 2020)
!5

6. Sahara Solar Breeder
• Initiative by Japan
• Soar PV/CPV electricity generation from Deserts
• PV wafer/panels manufacture
• Use of HT Superconducting DC transmission lines to
reduce losses
• target goal of providing 50% of the world’s energy by 2050
!6

7. Sahara Solar Breeder
• The Sahara Solar Breeder Project is currently being
developed by scientists from leading universities in Japan,
and will use the world’s biggest desert as its main energy
source.
• The idea behind the initiative is to build silicon
manufacturing and solar power plants in the desert, in turn
using the power generated from these plants to build even
more silicon and power plants in a “breeding” process.
!7

8. Sahara Solar Breeder
!8

9. • Egypt lies in the sun belt area.
In 1991, Solar Atlas for Egypt was issued,
concluding that:
1. Direct Normal Irradiation ranges
between 2000 KWh/m2/y at the North
and 3200 KWh/m2/y at the South.
2. The sun shine duration ranges
between 9-11 h/day from North to
South, with very few cloudy days.
3. Economic Potential 73656 TWh/Y
Solar Energy Resource Assessment in Egypt
!9

10. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plants
parabolic trough (PSA) solar tower (SNL)
linear Fresnel (Solarmundo) parabolic dish (SBP)
!10

11. Concentrated Solar Power in Egypt
A CSP experimental plant was
built in Maadi-Cairo in 1913 by
the American Inventor Frank
Shuman. Five parabolic troughs
(each 204 ft long and 13 ft wide),
Steam was then produced and
used to pump 6000 GPM of
water. Oil was later discovered
Two pilot plants for industrial
process heating (pharma-
Textile..) in the ninties.
!11

12. Exhaust
Preheater
Solar
Boiler
Deaerator
ExpansionVessel
Condenser
SolarField(ParabolicConcentrators)
GasTurbine
Fuel
SteamTurbine
IntegratedSolarCombinedCycleSystem(I.S.C.C.S)
"ParabolicTroughTechnologyOption"
High
Pressure
Superheater
High
Pressure
Boiler
Intermediate
Pressure
Superheater
Intermediate
Pressure
Boiler
HTF
Heater
W.H.
Boiler
NaturalGasfor
SupplementaryFiring
Kuraymat plant will produce 140 MW using solar assisted combined cycle
power plant (commissioned 2010).!12

13. Industrial Process Heating plant in Abu Zaabal
!13

14. Solar Water Heating (SWH)
1 million m2
installed Solar
Water Heaters
!14

15. 15

16. 16

17. Photovoltaic (PV) System Generation
10 MW Photovoltaic
off grid (PV)
Systems Installed
!17

18. Strategy for Renewable Energy Penetration
(objective: 20 % RE Inst. Power share by 2020)
Component 4
Market
Enhancement and
Infra-Str
Development
Strong Sustainable National Industrial Program for Local
Market and Export of RE Equipment and components
Component 2
Research,
Development and
Innovation
Program
Component 3
Legislations for
Feed in Law and
Feed in Tariff
Component 1
Financial
Instruments
Component 5
Information
Service,
Awareness and
Capacity Building
Future EU-MENA Collaboration prospects: DESERTEC-
MSP- RCREEE!18

19. Value Chain Analysis
R&D&D
Egypt SWOT
(compared
with interna-
tional best
standard)
Component
manufacturing
VA in % of RET
life-cycle cost
Egyptian share
of VA, SWOT
RET system
manufacturing
VA in % of RET
life-cycle cost VA in % of
RET life-
cycle cost
Egyptian share
of VA , SWOT
Cost reduction
potential
Potential for
Increase in
Eg. share
Sales &
installation
After-
Sales
Service
Cost reduction
potential
Potential for
cost reduction
SWOT
Cost
reduction
potential
VA in % of
RET life-cycle
cost
Egyptian
share
Potential for
Increase in
Eg. share
!19

20. Renewable Energy Education
in Egypt
• Public and private universities
• Most state universities include Engineering
Schools: Cairo, Alexandria, Assiut Univ.,
Helwan, Ain Shams, German, Heliopolis,
Japanese ,…etc Universities.
• Renewable energy is addressed in
Mechanical and Electrical Departments as
well as physics Dept at school of Science-
Agriculture
!20

21. • Under graduate curriculum- Renewable
energy basics and applications elective
courses.
• Graduation projects in Solar Energy
systems and applications.
• MSc./PhD Thesis on solar Energy
Utilization (solar thermal and solar
electrical technologies, e.g on: SWH, CSP,
storage, solar cooling, PV, Hybrid, etc.).
• Graduate Diploma degree in RE (CU)
• Master in Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency (REMENA-CU)
!21

22. Funded Research
• Science & Technology Fund-STDF (Wind, CSP,
PV, fuel cells, Solar Desalination)-RDI
• FP7-MATS
• RCREEE funding
• enerMENA/DUN
• DAAD programs
• Egyptian Universitues funding
• JICA funding (Japanese University)
• NGOs
!22

23. Multipurpose Applications by
Thermodynamic Solar(MATS)
!23

24. MATS Concept Plant at MUCSAT
!24

25. Zayed CSP Test Loop(STDF funded-ongoing)
!25

26. 21 "26

27. !27
Egyptian CSP Parabolic Trough prototype

28. Objectives
• To educate experts in the field of Renewable
Energy and Energy Efficiency who are high
on demand for leading positions in the energy
sector and are able to manage complex
projects for international institutions and
companies operating in the Arabic region.
• 37 students already graduated and employed
• 22 students currently enrolled!28
Masters Degree Program (M.Sc)
“Renewable Energy and Energy efficiency”
for MENA Countries

29. Qualification modules
!29

31. !31

32. !32

33. Flat Plate Solar Simulator
!33

34. Excursion to CSP plant in Kuraymat
!34

35. CSP and PV Simulators
!35

36. Master Thesis
• The 4th semester focuses on the preparation of the master
thesis.
• Internships and research stays predominantly in an Arab
country if possible together with a local institution or
company guarantee the practical orientation of the master
research.
• Arab students should have the opportunity to realize their
research in Germany if funding is secured.
• Mentors pay particular attention that the knowledge
acquired in the first two semesters is applied in the
individual projects.
!36

37. DESERTEC University Network(DUN)
• Academic research and innovation network
• Bringing together public and private scientific,
technological, research, development and academic
institutions interested in and capable of contributing to
the implementation of the DESERTEC Concept.
• Promoting the development of human resources
• training, education, and R & D for the industrial
production of equipment/related services (DESERETEC)
• 31 Members(MENA/EU)
!37

38. www.rcreee.org
October, 2011
!38

39. Conclusions
• Many on going initiatives, projects, programs
and activities in RE
• Need to integrate Research efforts and
prioriterize research efforts
• Need efficient Networking and Synergy
• Need intensive cooperation with EU institutes in
R&D
• Need multiplication of Educational programs in
RE and link education with research.!39

40. Thank you
!40