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What is ‘Just Enough
Documentation’ in Agile?
    Presenter: Sally Elatta




                              1
About the Speaker

• Sally Elatta
• Founder of AgileTransformation.com
• Enterprise Process Improvement Coach, Architect, Trainer
• Coached over 18 teams on adopting Agile methods.
• Taught over 600+ students on Agile
• Certified ScrumMaster, Scrum Practitioner, IBM, Sun, and
  Microsoft Certifications.
• Sally@AgileTransformation.com
• 402 212-3211



                                                               2
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Session Goals

      • Review of our last session
      • The Agile view on requirements
      • Reviewing what is ‘Just Enough’ for each
        Agile phase
      • Sample requirements
      • Resources


                                                               3
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Traditional Requirements
                           Characteristics




                                                               4
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Agile Requirements
                                   Characteristics




                                                               5
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
The Agile Lifecycle – Big Picture
During Release Planning
              – Breakdown requirements into stories
              – Need ‘Just Enough’ Discussions to
                breakdown a story
              – Build a complete backlog
              – Need ‘Just Enough’ Discussions to identify
                all stories
              – Prioritize based on value and dependency
              – ‘Just Enough’ related to priority
              – Estimate/Size each story
              – ‘Just Enough’ to estimate a story (*)
              – Build the Release Plan                    7
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
What is a Story?

• A small piece of          Follows these attributes:
  requirement that is
  ‘valuable’ to the          Understandable
  business.                  Independent
                             Negotiable
    Story Format:            Valuable
    “As a <role>, I want     Estimatable
                             Small
      to <goal>, so I can    Testable
      <value>”
Sample Stories

                         As an Agent I
  As an Agent I
                         want view the
   want to enter
                        ‘Current Leads’
     new lead
                            report.
 information so I
 can track them.
                                            As a BA I want
                                              to define the
                                            existing product
                                           return process so
                      As the XYZ system    I can identify any
                       I want to receive     inefficiencies.
   As the EDW
System, I want to         new member
  have ABC file        enrollments each
   loaded on a           night so I can
    schedule.            process them.
Sample Use Case Diagram




                                                               10
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
The Backlog Hierarchy


                                 Business Domain
                 Theme/Feature/Epic                             Feature2

                    Story1                     Story2            Story3

                                                                           11
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009    www.AgileTransformation.com
Non Functional/
                                 Foundational Stories
      • Your backlog is not ‘Complete’ without
        identifying and planning for non-functional
        system stories.
      • Typically scheduled for iteration 0 or sprinkled
        throughout other iterations.
      • Identified by the team (DBA, Security,
        Infrastructure, Architect, Developers ..etc)
      • Iteration 0 needs to complete ‘Just Enough’
        foundation stories for iteration 1 to be
        successful.
                                                               12
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample Foundation Stories

                Develop High
  Setup and
                Level Service
configure XYZ
                Architecture
 Test Server
                  Diagram

                                   Develop High
                                  Level Process
                                 Diagram for the
                                  ‘Get a Quote’
                 Setup ABC           process.
  Setup and      Database.
  Configure
    LDAP         Build Logical
                Design Model.
Story Points

• We simply use relative complexity buckets
             to size each story.




                                                                            20+



 Smallest Small              Medium   Med-large        Large   Very Large   EPIC!

          How many stories a team gets ‘Done’ each
                 iteration is their Velocity
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009
                                                  14
www.AgileTransformation.com
Agile View on Estimates
      • Looking for relatively good estimates instead of
        precisely accurate ones.
      • Done by the team who will actually do the work.
      • Updated throughout the project.
      • Measure stories in relative complexity points.
      • Measure tasks in hours.
      • Measure ‘Velocity’ from actual team
        performance.
      • Estimate in detail near term efforts, plan
        higher level for following ones.
                                                               15
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
‘Just Enough’ to
                                     Estimate a Story
      • Need ‘Just Enough’ discussion to estimate
        the story’s complexity.
      • Do not need to know detailed business
        rules and exact solution implementation
        details.
      • ‘Just Enough’ is reached when the team
        can size the story.
            Let’s explore the sample guide
                                                               16
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample Release Backlog




                                                               17
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample Release Plan




                    View Sample Release Plan



                                                               18
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
During Iteration 0

      • ‘Just Enough’ for iteration 0 could
            include:
              – High level architecture diagrams
              – High level business process diagrams
              – High level data logical diagrams
              – Look and Feel Template
              – System straw-man
              – What else?
                                                               19
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample Business Process
                            Diagrams




                                                               20
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
During Development Iterations

      • Now come the details!
      • Team must first define what makes a
        story ‘Done’
      • Then we can decide on what is
        ‘Just Enough’ to get us there.



                                                               21
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample Definition of ‘Done’

      • Story Level:
              – All unit tests have passed.
              – Code review is complete and code is checked
                in to source control.
              – UI Branding has been applied.
              – All acceptance test cases have passed in
                the test environment.
              – No outstanding bugs exists for this story.

                                                               22
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample User Test Cases
                                 “A customer can pay for shopping
                                   cart items using a credit card”
                  Test with VISA, MasterCard and American Express (pass)
                  Test with Diner’s Club (fail)
                  Test with bad and missing 3 digit codes (fail)
                  Test with expired cards (fail)
                  Test with a purchase amount over the card limit (fail)




                                                                           23
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009     www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample Business Rules

      • 1.1-TC1 ‘Verify that student eligibility rules are
        applied correctly during registration’
              – TC1-BR1: Students with a ‘hold’ record cannot
                register on the site.
              – TC1-BR2: Students with outstanding payment from
                last semester cannot register.
              – TC1-BR3: Student already registered cannot register
                again.




                                                                 24
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample Test Results




                                                               25
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample UI Prototypes




                                                               26
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Sample Activity Diagram




                                                               27
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
The Wonderful ‘Traceability’
                        Question
      • Here is an Agile traceability matrix:
      > 1 - Feature
        > 1.1 Story
                     >1.1 – TC1 Test Cases
                             > TC1-BR1 Business Rules
                                >BR1-T001 Test Scenario Results
                     >Tasks
                     >Code
                                                                  28
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Managing Change




                                                               29
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Tracking Progress




                                                               30
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
Summary

      • To know what is ‘Just Enough’ you need
        to know what your immediate next goal is.
      • Agile invests cautiously on detailed
        requirements by doing it just-in-time so it
        can stay flexible to requirements change.
      • ‘Just Enough’ does not equal ‘Not Good
        Enough’!
      • Agile encourages lightweight easy to
        understand and maintain documentation.
                                                               31
Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009   www.AgileTransformation.com
How We Can Help
Training                     Coaching & Consulting
• Executive and Business     •   Troubled Project
Overview of Agile/Lean           Assessment &
• Real World Agile and           Recovery
Scrum team training +        •   Agile Project Initiation
Project Jump Start               and Planning
• Effective Facilitation &   •   End to End Project
Requirements Gathering           Execution
• Servant Leadership         •   Organizational
• SOA                            Assessments
• … More!                    •   Process Improvement
                                 Roadmap Execution
This Seminar for YOUR
       Company

Contact me if you’re interested
  in this seminar for your own
      organization. Either in
    person or over the web.
      It could be FREE if you
             qualify 
Resources
• www.AgileModeling.com
• http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays
  /agileRequirementsBestPractices.htm

• Questions? Sally@AgileTransformation.com




                                        34

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What is 'Just Enough' Documentation in Agile?

  • 1. What is ‘Just Enough Documentation’ in Agile? Presenter: Sally Elatta 1
  • 2. About the Speaker • Sally Elatta • Founder of AgileTransformation.com • Enterprise Process Improvement Coach, Architect, Trainer • Coached over 18 teams on adopting Agile methods. • Taught over 600+ students on Agile • Certified ScrumMaster, Scrum Practitioner, IBM, Sun, and Microsoft Certifications. • Sally@AgileTransformation.com • 402 212-3211 2 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 3. Session Goals • Review of our last session • The Agile view on requirements • Reviewing what is ‘Just Enough’ for each Agile phase • Sample requirements • Resources 3 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 4. Traditional Requirements Characteristics 4 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 5. Agile Requirements Characteristics 5 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 6. The Agile Lifecycle – Big Picture
  • 7. During Release Planning – Breakdown requirements into stories – Need ‘Just Enough’ Discussions to breakdown a story – Build a complete backlog – Need ‘Just Enough’ Discussions to identify all stories – Prioritize based on value and dependency – ‘Just Enough’ related to priority – Estimate/Size each story – ‘Just Enough’ to estimate a story (*) – Build the Release Plan 7 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 8. What is a Story? • A small piece of Follows these attributes: requirement that is ‘valuable’ to the Understandable business. Independent Negotiable Story Format: Valuable “As a <role>, I want Estimatable Small to <goal>, so I can Testable <value>”
  • 9. Sample Stories As an Agent I As an Agent I want view the want to enter ‘Current Leads’ new lead report. information so I can track them. As a BA I want to define the existing product return process so As the XYZ system I can identify any I want to receive inefficiencies. As the EDW System, I want to new member have ABC file enrollments each loaded on a night so I can schedule. process them.
  • 10. Sample Use Case Diagram 10 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 11. The Backlog Hierarchy Business Domain Theme/Feature/Epic Feature2 Story1 Story2 Story3 11 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 12. Non Functional/ Foundational Stories • Your backlog is not ‘Complete’ without identifying and planning for non-functional system stories. • Typically scheduled for iteration 0 or sprinkled throughout other iterations. • Identified by the team (DBA, Security, Infrastructure, Architect, Developers ..etc) • Iteration 0 needs to complete ‘Just Enough’ foundation stories for iteration 1 to be successful. 12 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 13. Sample Foundation Stories Develop High Setup and Level Service configure XYZ Architecture Test Server Diagram Develop High Level Process Diagram for the ‘Get a Quote’ Setup ABC process. Setup and Database. Configure LDAP Build Logical Design Model.
  • 14. Story Points • We simply use relative complexity buckets to size each story. 20+ Smallest Small Medium Med-large Large Very Large EPIC! How many stories a team gets ‘Done’ each iteration is their Velocity Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 14 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 15. Agile View on Estimates • Looking for relatively good estimates instead of precisely accurate ones. • Done by the team who will actually do the work. • Updated throughout the project. • Measure stories in relative complexity points. • Measure tasks in hours. • Measure ‘Velocity’ from actual team performance. • Estimate in detail near term efforts, plan higher level for following ones. 15 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 16. ‘Just Enough’ to Estimate a Story • Need ‘Just Enough’ discussion to estimate the story’s complexity. • Do not need to know detailed business rules and exact solution implementation details. • ‘Just Enough’ is reached when the team can size the story. Let’s explore the sample guide 16 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 17. Sample Release Backlog 17 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 18. Sample Release Plan View Sample Release Plan 18 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 19. During Iteration 0 • ‘Just Enough’ for iteration 0 could include: – High level architecture diagrams – High level business process diagrams – High level data logical diagrams – Look and Feel Template – System straw-man – What else? 19 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 20. Sample Business Process Diagrams 20 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 21. During Development Iterations • Now come the details! • Team must first define what makes a story ‘Done’ • Then we can decide on what is ‘Just Enough’ to get us there. 21 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 22. Sample Definition of ‘Done’ • Story Level: – All unit tests have passed. – Code review is complete and code is checked in to source control. – UI Branding has been applied. – All acceptance test cases have passed in the test environment. – No outstanding bugs exists for this story. 22 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 23. Sample User Test Cases “A customer can pay for shopping cart items using a credit card” Test with VISA, MasterCard and American Express (pass) Test with Diner’s Club (fail) Test with bad and missing 3 digit codes (fail) Test with expired cards (fail) Test with a purchase amount over the card limit (fail) 23 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 24. Sample Business Rules • 1.1-TC1 ‘Verify that student eligibility rules are applied correctly during registration’ – TC1-BR1: Students with a ‘hold’ record cannot register on the site. – TC1-BR2: Students with outstanding payment from last semester cannot register. – TC1-BR3: Student already registered cannot register again. 24 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 25. Sample Test Results 25 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 26. Sample UI Prototypes 26 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 27. Sample Activity Diagram 27 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 28. The Wonderful ‘Traceability’ Question • Here is an Agile traceability matrix: > 1 - Feature > 1.1 Story >1.1 – TC1 Test Cases > TC1-BR1 Business Rules >BR1-T001 Test Scenario Results >Tasks >Code 28 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 29. Managing Change 29 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 30. Tracking Progress 30 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 31. Summary • To know what is ‘Just Enough’ you need to know what your immediate next goal is. • Agile invests cautiously on detailed requirements by doing it just-in-time so it can stay flexible to requirements change. • ‘Just Enough’ does not equal ‘Not Good Enough’! • Agile encourages lightweight easy to understand and maintain documentation. 31 Copyright(c) Sally Elatta 2009 www.AgileTransformation.com
  • 32. How We Can Help Training Coaching & Consulting • Executive and Business • Troubled Project Overview of Agile/Lean Assessment & • Real World Agile and Recovery Scrum team training + • Agile Project Initiation Project Jump Start and Planning • Effective Facilitation & • End to End Project Requirements Gathering Execution • Servant Leadership • Organizational • SOA Assessments • … More! • Process Improvement Roadmap Execution
  • 33. This Seminar for YOUR Company Contact me if you’re interested in this seminar for your own organization. Either in person or over the web. It could be FREE if you qualify 
  • 34. Resources • www.AgileModeling.com • http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays /agileRequirementsBestPractices.htm • Questions? Sally@AgileTransformation.com 34