The document discusses various English verb tenses: 1. Tenses indicate actions or events that correspond with time or occurrence, such as "I study English everyday". 2. There are 16 tenses total, including Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, and Past forms. 3. Each tense has specific uses - for example, Simple Present is used for permanent situations, facts, routines and schedules. Present Continuous expresses ongoing actions or future plans. 4. The tenses are formed differently, with verbs changing form and use of auxiliary verbs like "be" and "have". For example, Present Continuous uses "be + verb+ing" and Present Perfect uses "have/has +

1. TENSES
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Hariani, Tenses

2. TENSES
Tenses adalah bentuk betuk perubahan kata kerja dalam
tata bahasa Inggris yang menuntukan suatu kejadiaan atau
perbuatan yang sesuai dengan waktu atau kejadiannya,
contoh:
• I study English everyday.
• I am studying English now.
• I studied English yesterday.
• I will study English tomorrow.
Dari contoh contoh kalimat diatas kata kerja berubah ( study;
studying; studied; will study) sesuai dengan keterangan
waktunya
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3. BENTUK TENSES
Tenses ada 16 bentuk sebagai berikut
1. Simple Present Tense 9.
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Tense
5. Simple Past Tense
6. Past Continuous Tense
7. Past perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
10.
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4. 1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (I do)
USES EXAMPLE
Permanent or long-term situation She lives in Bandung
Who do you work for?
We produce and sell computers.
Fact It weighs 2570 kg.
How long does it take?
What does convenient mean?
Regular activities and routines They travel to work by train.
I usually read Financial Times.
How often do you play golf.
Feeling I prefer some tea.
I don’t like horror films.
Opinion and state s of mind I don’t agree
How do you feel about this?
Time table and schedule When does the Surabaya train leave?
The board meeting starts at 3.30 p.m.
It doesn’t finish till 8.30.
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5. PENGGUNAAN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
• Untuk menyatakan kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi berulang-ulang
atau merupakan kebiasaan yang sampai sekarang masih dilakukan.
Contoh :
I usually get up at 6 0’clock every morning
He goes to school everyday
They swim every week
• Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sudah menjadi kebenaran umum
(general truth) atau kenyataan.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west
A day is twenty hours
The water boils a 100 º Celcius
• Untuk menyatakan perintah atau permintaan (untuk orang ke 2)
Open your book, please
Give it to him.
• Untuk menyatakan kejadiaan yang telah dijadwalkan akan dilakukan
pada waktu yang akan datang:
The train leaves at ten tomorrow.
The football team plays next month.
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6. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
Formulation
Add an s to the 3 rd person singular form
I leave at 8 a.m.
You leave at 8 a.m.
They leave at 8 a.m.
He leaves at 8 a.m.
She leaves at 8 a.m.
It leaves at 8 a.m.
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7. Use do as a help verb to make question forms
Do I at 8 a. m
you
we
they
Does heat at 8 a. m
you
she
it
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8. Use do as a help verb to make negative forms
I don’t leave at 8 a. m
You
We
They
He doesn’t
She
It
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9. 2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS SIMPLE TENSE
USES EXAMPLE
Action happening now We are introducing new system
I’m waiting for Miss Dewi
Who is calling please?
Future plans and arrangements When he is arriving?
She is meeting CEO at 2 p.m.
Are you doing anything special
tonight?
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10. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Formulation
• Use the be and –ing
I am (not) working today
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
They are
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11. • Change the word order to form a question.
Am I working today?
Are you
Is he
Is she
Is it
Are we
Are they
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12. PENGGUNAAN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• Untuk menyatakan kejadian atau yang sedang berlangsungpada saat ini:
I am studying English now.
What are you doing? I am reading a book.
He is playing tennis at a moment
• Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang segera akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan
datang. Cara merupakan hal yang paling umum digunakan untuk menyatakan
rencana yang segera akan dilakukan:
I am going to Jakarta.
She is leaving next week.
• Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada ruang lingkup
sekarang,walaupun tidak dilakukan sekarang.
I am taking my English Course at Harvard College.
I am reading a novel by Chairil Anwar
• Bentuk present continuous “ be going” bersama-sama dengan “to” dapat digunakan
untuk menyatakan hal-hal yang segera dilakukan atau hal-hal yang sudah
merupakan tekad yang kuat (determination).
I am going to study abroad next year.
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13. 2. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We use the Present Perfect tense to talk about past action with present
importance.
1. FINISH ACTION
USES EXAMPLES
Past action with result in the present Graphic Images had excellent results this years.
We haven’t achieved our target.
Have you finished yet ?
Life experiences I’ve forgotten his name twice.
Have ever missed a flight?
I’ve never been to Italy.
2. UNFINISHED ACTION
USES EXAMPLES
Past actions that are continuing now He’s been working there for 5 years.
They’ve had a subsidiary here since 1960
Hariani, Tenses they been in business?
How long have

14. Penggunaan Present Perfect Tense
1. Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang baru saja dilakukan,
tetapi waktunya tidak disebutkan:
He has explained it to me but I don’t understand.
Ia telah menerangkan kepada saya tetapi saya tidak mengerti
1. Untuk menyatakan mengenai perbuatan atau kejadian
atau yang dilakukan di waktu lampau akan tetapi masih
ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang, yaitu bahwa
perbuatan itu masih bisa dilakukan atau diulangi pada
waktu sekarang.
I have seen elephants in that forest ( saya pernah melihat gajah di hutan itu)
He has written a number of stories (Dia telah menulis beberapa cerita)
3. Digunakan dengan “just” untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu
perbuatan baru saja selesai dilakukan. He has just eaten.
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15. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Formulation
• Use have as a help verb in all forms. Use it with the third part of the verb.
I have broken the machine.
You haven’t
We
They
``
She has
She hasn’t
It
• Change the word order to form a question.
Have I broken the machine?
you
we
they
Has he
she
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it

16. 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
FORMULA
I/ We/You/they + have + been +verb + ing
He/She/It + has + been +verb + ing
Example
I have been working for 3 years
Penggunaan
Menyatakan kejadian yang dimulai pada waktu yang lampau dan masih
berlangsung sampai saat sekarang, atau aru saja selesai.
I have been studying her since 2003 . Saya telah belajar disini sejak 2003 ( sekarang masih belajar
disini)
He has been working for 2 years. Dia telah bekerja disini selama 2 tahun.(berarti sampai sekarang
masih bekerja disi
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17. 5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
EXAMPLE
USES
I joined the company in 2001
Finish past action
What happened?
It didn’t sell well in the Middle East.
FORMULATION
The meeting didn’t start on time
• With regular verbs,
add –ed to make What quantity did we deliver?
The Past Single How long ago did they start trading?
form. Did you go to the trade fair last month?
• Irregular verbs have
special past form.
go ---- went
• Used did as help
verb to make
negative, questions,
and short answers.
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18. 5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
FORMULATION. FORMULA
Verbal Sentences Nominal Sentences
SUBJECT + VERB (2) You/WE/They + were + not verb
Example: I/She/He/It + was + not verb
Affirmative Example:
I went to Jakarta yesterday. Affirmative
He studied English last year. You were busy yesterday morning
They helped him together. They were in Jakarta last month.
Interrogative I was busy yesterday morning.
Did you go to Jakarta yesterday? Hi was in the hospital last week.
Did he study English last year? Negative
Did they help him? You weren’t busy yesterday.
Negative interrogative They weren’t in Jakarta lat month
Didn’t you go to Jakarta yesterday? I wasn’t busy yesterday.
Didn’t he study English last year? Interrogative
Didn’t they help? Were you busy yesterday?
Weren’t they in the hospital last month?
Wasn’t I busy yesterday?
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19. 6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
FORMULATION. FORMULATION.
Verbal Sentences Nominal Sentences
You/WE/They + were+ being + not verb
You/WE/They + were + verb + ing I/She/He/It + was+ being + not verb
I/He/She/It + was +verb + ing Example:
Affirmative He was being polite to me.
You were reading a book. You were being angry with me
They were speaking in the room.
I was Watching television.
He was playing last week.
Negative
You weren’t reading a book
They weren’t speaking in the room.
I wasn’t watching television.
He wasn’t playing last week.
Interrogative
Wee you reading a book?
Were they speaking in the room?
Was I watching television?
Was he playing last week
Negative-Interrogative’
Weren’t you reading a book?
Weren’t the speaking in the room.
Hariani, Tenses

20. Hariani, Tenses