The document discusses several important inventions and developments from the 19th century including: 1) The Bessemer Process for producing steel using air, which made steel lighter, stronger, and more durable. 2) Thomas Edison who invented the incandescent light bulb and established the first research laboratory in Menlo Park. He also developed the electrical transformer and promoted alternating current. 3) Alexander Graham Bell who invented the telephone, an important communication device.

2.  Used steam engine to drill oil (Pennsylvania)
 Removing oil from earth surface became practical

3.  Discover cheaper and quicker way
to make steel
 Bessemer Process
 Air boiling produce strong and durable
steel
 lighter, more flexible, stronger, rust resistance

4. Raw Materials
Example: Iron Ore
Melting
Hot air is pumped into
a furnace, melting iron at
Refining
Impurities are
removed
Casting
Liquid steel
cast into billets
and slabs
Rolling
Billets and slabs
Rolled into finish
product
 Discover cheaper and
quicker way to make
steel
 Bessemer Process
 Air boiling produce
strong and durable steel
 lighter, more flexible,
stronger, rust resistance

5.  Perfected the first
incandescent light
bulb
 establish the first
research laboratory
(Menlo Park)
 “Genius is one percent
inspiration and 99%
perspiration”

6.  created the
electrical
transformer (power
distribution)
 alternating current
 made electricity
safer and less
expensive

7.  Invented the telephone
 Communication device

8.  Invented the typewriter

9.  Introduced refrigeration to the meatpacking
industry
Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour

10. Invention/
Development
Who What other
invention or
development did it
lead to?
How did this invention contributed or
helped American lives today?
Drilling of oil Edwin L. Drake
Bessemer
Process (steel)
Henry Bessemer
Telephone Alexander Graham
Bell
Electricity Thomas Alva
Edison
Laboratory Edison
Typewriter Christopher
Sholes
Radio Tesla / Marconi
Gustavus/
Swift
Refrigeration

11.  Used steam engine to drill oil (Pennsylvania)
 Removing oil from earth surface became practical

12.  Discover cheaper and quicker way
to make steel
 Bessemer Process
 Air boiling produce strong and durable
steel
 lighter, more flexible, stronger, rust resistance

13. Raw Materials
Example: Iron Ore
Melting
Hot air is pumped into
a furnace, melting iron at
Refining
Impurities are
removed
Casting
Liquid steel
cast into billets
and slabs
Rolling
Billets and slabs
Rolled into finish
product
 Discover cheaper and
quicker way to make
steel
 Bessemer Process
 Air boiling produce
strong and durable steel
 lighter, more flexible,
stronger, rust resistance

14.  Perfected the first
incandescent light
bulb
 establish the first
research laboratory
(Menlo Park)
 “Genius is one percent
inspiration and 99%
perspiration”

15.  created the
electrical
transformer (power
distribution)
 alternating current
 made electricity
safer and less
expensive

16.  Invented the telephone
 Communication device

17.  Invented the typewriter

18.  Introduced refrigeration to the meatpacking
industry
Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour

19.  Write one paragraph 5-7 sentences:
 Which invention or development describe in
this section had the greatest impact on
American culture today?
 Justify your choice: Think about
 the applications of inventions
 The impact of inventions on people’s daily lives
 The effect of inventions on the workplace

20.  Designed railroad
sleeping car