1. CJ 2011
James A. Fagin
Chapter 11:
Corrections in the Community

2. After completion of this chapter, students should be able
to:
Explain why federal and state government are turning to
community corrections sanctions
Describe opposition to community corrections sanctions
Describe the various sanctions used by the criminal justice
system
Detail new strategies are being used to promote reentry into the
community for ex-offenders
Explain the purpose of adult drug court
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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3.  In 2004, more than 7 million people were
on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole
 7% of the U.S. adult population (13 million
persons) have spent time in prison for a
felony conviction)
 2 out of 3 adults who are released will be
rearrested within 3 years
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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4.  Record number of prisoners being released
 Lack of support services
 Infrequent contact with parole officer
 Failure affects: child abuse, family violence,
infectious diseases, or homelessness
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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5.  Citizen opposition to having community-based
corrections in their neighborhood
 Crime victims and police fear reoffending if
released
 NIMBY, meaning ‘not in my backyard’
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James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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6.  Developed out of response to overcrowding
and skyrocketing costs
 Early programs not built upon research
 Many programs lacked safeguards for
community protection
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James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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7.  Intensive Probation Supervision Programs
 Split Sentencing and Shock Probation
 Shock Incarceration (Boot Camps)
 Home Confinement and Electronic Monitoring
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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8.  Provides direct and strict supervision
 Parole officer has a smaller caseload and more
emphasis is placed on offender compliance
with the conditions of supervision
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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9.  After a brief period of imprisonment, usually in
a jail for as little as 30 days rather than in a
long-term confinement facility, the offender is
brought back to court
 Judge then offer offender probation
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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10.  Modeled after military-style, entry-level
training programs
 Boot camps are designed to provide alternative
sentencing for young, nonviolent offenders
 Adapts military-style physical fitness and
discipline
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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11.  Ordered to remain confined in their own
residence
 Schedules are worked out that allow the
offender to leave his or her home for work,
medical appointments and services, court-
ordered treatment
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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12.  Treatment programs are needed that focus on
preparing inmate for reentry
 Department of Justice (2004) funded $6.7 million to
the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative
to improve public safety
 New reentry strategies include Faith-Based
programs conducted by religious based groups
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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13.  Work Release
 Education Release
 Halfway Houses
 Day Reporting Centers
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James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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14.  The large percentage of those arrested
under the influence of illicit drugs has led to
the creation of drug courts
 First tried as an experiment in Dade County,
Florida (1989)
 This new strategy has been proven to be
effective
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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15.  The operations and components of drug courts vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but the following 10 key
components identify state adult drug court programs as
prescribed by the Drug Courts Program offer:
3. Drug courts integrate alcohol and other drug treatment services with
justice system case processing.
4. Using a nonadversarial approach, prosecution and defense counsel
promote public safety while protecting participants’ due process rights.
5. Eligible participants are identified early and promptly placed in the drug
court program.
6. Drug courts provide access to a continuum of alcohol, drug, and other
related treatment and rehabilitation services.
7. Abstinence is monitored by frequent alcohol and other drug testing.
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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16. 1. A coordinated strategy governs drug court responses
to participants’ compliance.
2. Ongoing judicial interaction with each drug court
participant is essential.
3. Monitoring and evaluation measure the achievement
of program goals and gauge effectiveness.
4. Continuing interdisciplinary education promotes
effective drug court planning, implementation, and
operations.
5. Forging partnerships among drug courts, public
agencies, and community based organizations
generates local support and enhances drug court
effectiveness.
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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17.  Adult Drug Courts
 Tribal Drug Courts (Native Americans)
 Treatment Accountability for Safer
Communities (TASC)
 Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
(RSAT)
 Note $2.5 million saved by drug court
programs versus incarceration
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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18.  Buffalo, N.Y. Veterans court first of its kind
 Modeled after mental health courts
 Goal is to help adjust to civilian life and
eliminate anti-social or criminal behaviors
 Some argue separate court is unfair to other
groups
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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