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Juvenile Justice System Comment by Jamie Price: Good job with the title page Chalyne A. Arvie CPSS235 26FEB2018 JAMIE PRICE Running head: JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM 1 JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM 7 Juvenile Justice System Juvenile Justice System Development Comment by Jamie Price: Good job with using headings. But your first paragraph should be an introduction. Introduce the main points that will be covered. Let the reader know where the paper is going. Refer to my help documents associated with this assignment for assistance with creating a good academic introduction. In the United States, the adolescent court framework was established more than ten years before the main court establishment in 1899 in Illinois. Before its formation, all youngsters were considered as adults or grownup where they were punished in similar ways as adults. Prior to the creation of juvenile courts, the common law's infancy defense provided the only special protections for young offenders charged with crimes. The common law conclusively presumed that children younger than seven years of age lacked criminal capacity, while those fourteen years of age and older possessed full criminal responsibility. Comment by Jamie Price: This is good information but you need to cite your work. If the information isn’t common knowledge, you need to cite it using in-text citations. Some basic formats are: Blah blah blah (Last name, year). According to Last name (year), blah blah blah. Last name (year) reported that “blah blah blah” (p. #). “Blah blah blah” (Last name, year, p. #). The history of the juvenile justice system dates as far back as to the bible to Roman Era time. In this period, it was the parent’s responsibility to punish their children, unless the child is in need of a more severe consequences. In the middle ages, common law was established in England. The use of shires, reeves, and chancellors were used. When being punished, the English used the same punishments on children over the age of seven as an adult. In eighteenth-century London, jails were created based upon workhouses. On July 1899, United States established the first juvenile justice system located in Illinois. The Illinois legislature passed the Illinois Juvenile Act that would disciple accordingly to children under the age of sixteen. The juvenile courts were to take jurisdiction over the children (Champion, Merlo, & Benekos, 2013). Comment by Jamie Price: Try to remove unnecessary words. “is in need of a” = needs Comment by Jamie Price: Good job citing your work. Predominant Philosophy of the Juvenile System Alterations in the social origination ideology of youngsters and the system of cultural control in the nineteenth-century y led to the establishment of the very first juvenile court in 1899. To differentiate between the young and adult offenders, progressive philosophers made efforts to reform the juvenile court system. They developed new thoughts regarding adolescence and made the court ...
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1).Over the last few centuries numerous historical events have taken place that resulted in a major impact on the contemporary juvenile justice network in the United States. The notion of age of responsibility and maturity level has been the central focus since the inception of recorded history. The question remains today of when and under what circumstances children are capable of forming criminal intent ("Juvenile Justice", p. 5) which has led to continuous debates still occurring today. Up until the early 1800s juvenile offenders in the United States received the same treatment and punishment as adult offenders. It was very common for juveniles to be housed with adults as well. In 1818, a New York City commission initiated the term "juvenile delinquency", and brought to the attention of the public eye and identified pauperism, or poverty, as a root cause of misbehavior amongst juveniles. In 1825, the Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency began to campaign for the separation of juveniles from adults. Over the course of the next few years, numerous juvenile institutions were established. These institutions, known as houses of refuge, primarily focused on education and treatment, instead of solely focusing on punishment ("Juvenile Justice", pp. 6-7). With public warning from the New York City police chief, that violent juvenile offenses were steadily increasing, in 1849 the United States transitioned from houses of refuge to concentrating on reform schools and preventive agencies ("Juvenile Justice", p. 7) Industrial Schools for dependent children were founded in 1879, as a result of the Industrial School Act, preceded by the Chicago Reform School Act, but were later held unconstitutional. As a result of unsuccessful reform schools , the child savers movement developed during the post-Civil War era, with high and genuine concern for the welfare of children, leading to the establishment of the first juvenile/family court in 1899 ("Juvenile Justice", p. 8). By 1932 the number of independent juvenile courts across the United States, exceeded 600. All states had enacted laws developing separate juvenile courts by 1945. Because juvenile courts were not criminal courts , juvenile offenders did not possess the same constitutional rights as accused adult offenders. Historical U.S. Supreme Court cases such as Holmes , Kent v. United States , Gault , and McKeiver v. Pennsylvania , mentioned in this week's reading, and their holdings, have all had a dramatic impact on the contemporary juvenile justice network in America ("Juvenile Justice", pp. 9-10). A few other major historical legislative acts that dramatically impacted the contemporary juvenile justice network in the United States have been enacted by Congress over the years. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency act of 1974, which established the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to support efforts - local and state - in delinquency prevention and juvenil.
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Corrections in the Community. © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 117 C h a p t e r 5 When we are out of sympathy with the young, then I think our work in the world is over. —George MacDonald the Juvenile Crime problem The challenge of crime in the United States remains a major social problem that has serious and sometimes deadly consequences; however, in the past half-decade, the size of the problem has abated as the nature of crime has changed. For example, the Federal Bureau of Investigation reports that the crime rate has continued to decreased between 1998 and 2008 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2009)(see Figure 5.1). The juvenile crime rate is considered a problematic aspect of the crime problem. Youths under age 18 now commit almost one in six of the most serious crimes in the nation and account for nearly one-half of the arrests for arson and about one-quarter of the arrests for robbery, burglary, lar- ceny-theft, motor-vehicle theft, and property crimes (see Figure 5.2). Once arrested, many youths are then processed through the juvenile justice system. Juveniles and Community Corrections accountability decarceration deinstitutionalization diversion drug courts Fourteenth Amendment juvenile court parens patriae selective incapacitation status offender waiver Key terms F O S T E R , C E D R I C 1 6 9 2 T S C h a p t e r 5 : Juveniles and Community Corrections118 0 10 20 30 40 50 Property crimes Violent crimes All arrests Murder Aggravated assault Forcible rape Robbery Larceny-theft Burglary Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Figure 5.2 Of total arrest in 2008, percent of arrests for juveniles. Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation (2009). Figure 5.1 Crime index in the United States, 1998–2008. Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation (2009). 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Crime Index Rate per 100,000 Thousands F O S T E R , C E D R I C 1 6 9 2 T S The Juvenile Crime Problem 119 However, when arrests for juveniles are compared to those for adults over the last 20 years, the percentage of crimes committed by juveniles has been declining (see Table 5.1). Much of the juvenile crime in the 1980s and early 1990s was due to the emer- gence of crack cocaine, juvenile gangs, and violence as major aspects of gang culture (Allen & Simonsen, 2001). These crime issues and changes caused the society as a whole to rethink rehabilitation, to advocate “get tough” approaches, to waiver in their acceptance of juvenile courts, and to bind juveniles over for trial in adult courts. Fortunately, most juvenile offenders who come to the attention of the juvenile court will receive treatment and noncustodial dispo- sitions. As was the case with adult offenders, the development of community corrections has led to probation, currently the most frequently used disposi- tion for juvenile offenders. Probation for juvenile offenders is de.
Corrections in the Community.© 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rig.docx
Corrections in the Community.© 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rig.docx
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Juveniles Tried as Adults Juveniles Tried as Adults Research Thesis Paper Juveniles Tried as Adults It found that the compromise between punishment and healing for juvenile offenders is a dilemma that the United States have to face since the inception of its judicial system. After declaring self-rule from Britain, the United States modeled its lawful system after the one well-known United Kingdom. It meant that, in the eyes of the law, little difference was made between children and adults. Kids as could be tried as adults if warranted by their crime. At the end of 18th century, psychologists and sociologists began to recognize the emerging notion of adolescence as a developmentally different era of life. This is the idea of managing adolescent offender outer of the adult court became more widely accepted but keeping in line with the idea that juvenile delinquent requires special care and treatment. In this case, the society had a role to play in the prevention of Juvenile delinquency that opened the first facility for disturbed youth in 1825. New York House of Refuge, on the other hand, was created as an option for juveniles who had committed an illegal act that would have likely earned them time in jail. But in 1899, what came into existence is the development of first juvenile court in the United States came into existence in Cook County, Illinois. The rationale that was behind the forming a separate justice system for youths. Its evident that this was based on the British set of guidelines for parens patriae, which gives a State meaning as a parent. What is provided by Sickmund and Snyder is that the set of instructions was to give an interpretation with a mean because children were not of full legal capacity, the state had the inborn power and accountability to protect children whose natural parents were not providing suitable care or supervision. The court system viewed insufficient parenting as part of the problem with delinquent youth and reasoned that, with proper intervention, troubled juveniles could be put back on the path towards becoming law-abiding, productive members of their communities. In 1899 United States of America, made legal history when the world's first juvenile court opened in Chicago. The court was founded on two fundamental principles. First, juveniles lack the maturity to take responsibility for their actions the way adults could. Secondly, because, their personality was not yet fully developed, what could be noted is that they could receive proper corrective measures more successfully than adult criminals. More than a century later, these principles remain the benchmarks of juvenile justice in the United States. A rising number of crimes committed by the kids are being subjected to trial as adults much the way they might have been before the beginning of juvenile courts. This stems from public outra ...
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What Is Juvenile Justice? Juvenile Justice History Essay What Is The Juvenile Justice System? Juvenile Crime Essay examples Juvenile Justice Essay Juvenile Justice The Juvenile Justice System Essay examples Juvenile Crime Essay Delinquents And Treatment Models Juvenile Justice System Essay
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Problem Evaluation Paper 1 Problem Evaluation Paper Alexis Lucca CJA/355 04/11/2016 Gerald Norris Problem Evaluation Paper 2 Problem Evaluation Paper Criminal justice can be said to be the system of governmental institutions and practices aimed at holding up social control, crime mitigation and deterring, for example giving penalties to criminals and also rehabilitating them. The career mostly falls in between legal and law enforcement. Law enforcement is the ones dealing with the criminal behavior causes and societal response to crime, for example, criminology, and forensic psychology. Policing also falls in this category. The current issue in the criminal justice field is The Punishment and Criminalization of young people and children (Martin & Philbin, 1980). Many children aged 13 and 14 years in the United States who have undergone the prosecution for adults had continued being sentenced to life imprisonment with no signs of parole. However, the juveniles continue to being imprisoned despite the fact that their sentence is unconstitutional hence leading to their death with no review and scrutiny or follow up. According to (EJI) Equal Justice Initiative undertook in the year 2008, about seventy-three cases showing that juveniles have died in prison through condemnation followed by minimal review have been documented. The courts did not consider that the children were young making the sentences imposed on them mandatory. Most of the children were combined with the crimes which had been committed by adults and old teenagers leading to the involvement of two-thirds of children of a younger age (Goodman & Grimming, 2007). The difference between older teens and young children should then be observed. Below are then some problems which make this situation to keep on growing. Influence from dysfunctional backgrounds. This is because of exposure to violence, like mostly most of them have been subjected to sexual abuse; they have been abandoned or have even been neglected. Secondly, their parents are drug and dealers, addicts, sex workers and alcoholics. This then Problem Evaluation Paper 3 makes it clear that these children have been brought up in poor places with lethal violence, where their parents were not able to afford safety, health and luxuries that every child would require. It was therefore brought into conclusion by Oklahoma that when a person is a youth, they are vulnerable to psychological damage and influence, and this has been taken to be more than a chronological fact. Moreover, the children who have gone through this have some things in common which disturb them. Protection and treatment from health care providers, police failure, foster systems, family courts and security agencies of young children. Most of the crimes committed by these children are mostly.
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Walsh power point_chapter 8
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Law, Justice, and
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