Involving the Indian Software Services Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World

1. Involving the Indian Software Services Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Involving the Indian Software Services Introduction Industry in the Free and Open Source Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Software World Economic Impact FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS developed? Sachin Garg Kshma Garg FLOSS and India Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity Navankur Indian IT Sector and FLOSS 21st November, 2009 Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

2. Involving the Indian Software Services Outline Industry in the Free and Open Source 1 Introduction Software World Sachin Garg, Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Kshma Garg Economic Impact Introduction Free/Libre and Open 2 FLOSS Activity Source Software (FLOSS) Where is FLOSS developed? Economic Impact FLOSS and India FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity developed? FLOSS and India Impact of Low 3 Indian IT Sector and FLOSS Intensity FLOSS Activity Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Indian IT Sector and Foundations FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars 4 Recommendations Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Implementing the F & 4P Strategy 5 Thank You Thank You

7. Involving the Indian Software Services Introduction Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Issue: Indian IT Sector is not participating enough in the Introduction Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) World Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact Impact: India is unable to leverage the full potential of FLOSS Activity FLOSS, which could make Indian industry and the Where is FLOSS developed? IT sector uncompetitive, owing to missing out on FLOSS and India Impact of Low the innovative and ﬁnancial beneﬁts of FLOSS Intensity FLOSS Activity Contribution: Develop an overarching strategy that the Indian IT Indian IT Sector and Services companies could adopt so as to FLOSS Foundation & Four participate in the world of FLOSS Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

9. Involving the Indian Software Services Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity Indian IT Sector and FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

10. Involving the Indian Software Services What is Free/Libre and Open Industry in the Free and Open Source Source Software? Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact • Umbrella term describing software whose source code is FLOSS Activity readily available and modiﬁable under several liberal Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India licenses Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS • Model for collaborative work Activity Indian IT • The Linux® kernel is amongst the best known FLOSS Sector and FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

12. Involving the Indian Software Services Economic Impact of FLOSS: Industry in the Free and Open Source EU Study I Software World Sachin Garg, November 2006 study by a consortium of research institutions. Kshma Garg The Impact of Free/Libre/Open Source Software on Introduction Free/Libre and Open Innovation and Competitiveness of the European Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact Union FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS http://www.flossimpact.eu/ developed? FLOSS and India • FLOSS applications are top rung products in terms of Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity market share in several markets. Indian IT • Reproducing existing base of FLOSS applications would Sector and FLOSS cost almost 12 bn to reproduce internally. Code base has Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy been doubling every 18-24 months over the past eight Foundations Pillars years. Recommendations Implementing the F & • Europe’s FLOSS investment notinally ≈ 22 bn ≡ 20.5% of 4P Strategy total software investment. Thank You

13. Involving the Indian Software Services Economic Impact of FLOSS: Industry in the Free and Open Source EU Study II Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg • By 2010, FLOSS-related • Services ≈ 32% share of all IT services Introduction Free/Libre and Open • Economy ≈ 4% of European GDP Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact • FLOSS potentially saves industry over 36% in software R&D FLOSS Activity investment that can result in increased proﬁts or be more Where is FLOSS developed? usefully spent in further innovation. FLOSS and India Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS • Increased FLOSS use may provide a way for Europe to Activity compensate for a low GDP share of ICT investment relative Indian IT Sector and to the US. FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy • FLOSS can encourage the creation of SMEs and jobs. Foundations Pillars • Weighted by average income, India is the leading provider Recommendations of FLOSS developers by far, followed by China. Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

14. Involving the Indian Software Services Economic Impact of FLOSS - IIMB Industry in the Free and Open Source Study I Software World September 2009 study by Prof. Rahul De’ of IIM, Bangalore. Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Economic Impact of Free and Open Source Software - A Introduction Study in India. Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact http: FLOSS Activity //www.iimb.ernet.in/~rahulde/RD_FOSSRep2009.pdf Where is FLOSS developed? • Study included multiple Indian IT user organisations FLOSS and India Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS across the spectrum Activity • Substitution of Proprietary Software with FLOSS can Indian IT Sector and potentially save FLOSS Foundation & Four • ≈ Rs. 10,000 cr. (USD 2bn) in Direct Software, Pillars Strategy Foundations • ≈ Rs. 2,000 cr. (USD 740mn) in Complementary Software, Pillars Costs Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy • Strong intangible, but unquantiﬁable beneﬁts related to Thank You innovating with FLOSS

16. Involving the Indian Software Services World Wide Open Source Activity Industry in the Free and Open Source Map Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity Indian IT Sector and FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Figure: Open Source Activity Map Thank You http://www.redhat.com/about/where-is-open-source/

18. Involving the Indian Software Services India on the Open Source Activity Industry in the Free and Open Source Map Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity Indian IT Sector and FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Figure: Open Source Activity Map Thank You

19. Involving the Indian Software Services Open Source Index Ranks Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Activity Rank Environment Rank Country Sachin Garg, Overall Government Industry Community Overall Government Industry Community Kshma Garg Education Education France 1 1 25 3 15 18 18 17 Spain 2 2 22 10 20 20 29 21 Introduction Germany 3 4 19 5 16 14 23 18 Free/Libre and Open Australia 4 14 4 11 11 7 16 10 Source Software (FLOSS) Finland 5 19 1 18 5 12 5 8 Economic Impact United Kingdom 6 7 15 7 8 8 13 4 Norway 7 14 2 29 3 4 17 3 FLOSS Activity Estonia 8 45 5 1 21 21 49 14 Where is FLOSS United States of 9 28 13 2 2 3 7 2 developed? America FLOSS and India Denmark 10 12 8 31 4 2 9 6 Impact of Low Japan 14 11 27 6 13 6 14 11 Intensity FLOSS People’s Republic of 15 6 69 4 50 70 8 59 Activity China Indian IT Singapore 16 34 3 21 14 35 1 22 Sector and India 23 14 44 8 53 54 24 67 FLOSS Slovenia 24 34 6 47 23 24 43 20 Foundation & Four Thailand 25 8 51 30 59 69 28 43 Pillars Strategy Malaysia 26 12 36 27 31 49 21 34 Foundations Pillars Recommendations http://www.redhat.com/about/where-is-open-source/ Implementing the F & 4P Strategy activity/ Thank You

23. Involving the Indian Software Services Open Source Index Ranks Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Activity Rank Environment Rank Country Overall Government Industry Community Overall Government Industry Community Sachin Garg, Education Education Kshma Garg France 1 1 25 3 15 18 18 17 Spain 2 2 22 10 20 20 29 21 Introduction Germany 3 4 19 5 16 14 23 18 Free/Libre and Open Australia 4 14 4 11 11 7 16 10 Source Software Finland 5 19 1 18 5 12 5 8 (FLOSS) United Kingdom 6 7 15 7 8 8 13 4 Economic Impact Norway 7 14 2 29 3 4 17 3 FLOSS Activity Estonia 8 45 5 1 21 21 49 14 United States of 9 28 13 2 2 3 7 2 Where is FLOSS developed? America FLOSS and India Denmark 10 12 8 31 4 2 9 6 Impact of Low Japan 14 11 27 6 13 6 14 11 Intensity FLOSS People’s Republic of 15 6 69 4 50 70 8 59 Activity China Singapore 16 34 3 21 14 35 1 22 Indian IT India 23 14 44 53 54 24 67 Sector and 8 FLOSS Slovenia 24 34 6 47 23 24 43 20 Foundation & Four Thailand 25 8 51 30 59 69 28 43 Pillars Strategy Malaysia 26 12 36 27 31 49 21 34 Foundations Pillars Recommendations http://www.redhat.com/about/where-is-open-source/ Implementing the F & 4P Strategy activity/ Thank You

26. Involving the Indian Software Services Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Industry in the Free and Open Source Activity Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Areas with a Low Intensity of Free/Libre Open Source Software Introduction activity are Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) • Split by the Digital Divide Economic Impact FLOSS Activity • Unable to inﬂuence direction of Open Source Projects and Where is FLOSS developed? tailor them to their needs FLOSS and India Impact of Low Therefore, Intensity FLOSS Activity It is a problem, as local needs are not being met and Indian IT Sector and developing countries are consumers not creators of FLOSS Foundation & Four open source software. Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars http://www.zdnetindia.com/news/software/stories/ Recommendations 135384.html Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

31. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector and FLOSS Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Indian Information Technology Service Companies need to Sachin Garg, formally embrace FLOSS and be able to leverage its beneﬁts. By Kshma Garg doing so, they will Introduction Free/Libre and Open • reduce their costs, Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact • usher in colalboration across the enterprise, FLOSS Activity • provide innovative, low-cost BoP solutions, Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India • leapfrog the competition, Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity • become a part of the FLOSS innovation ecosystem, Indian IT among other beneﬁts Sector and FLOSS To do so we propose an overarching strategy — Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations The Foundation and Four Pillars Pillars Recommendations that will enable the Indian Software Services Companies to truly Implementing the F & 4P Strategy leverage FLOSS while moving forward. Thank You

33. Involving the Indian Software Services Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World IT Services Industry Accepting and Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Using Free/Libre and Open Source Introduction Software Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Employees Customers Economic Impact Corporate Internal FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity Indian IT Foundations for Free/Libre and Sector and FLOSS Open Source Software (FLOSS) Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy for the IT Services Industry Foundations Pillars Recommendations Customers Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Foundations Corporate Sponsor Internal Use Thank You Employee Pillar

35. Involving the Indian Software Services Foundations Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open The foundations for an effective FLOSS strategy include Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact • Strong Legal Support FLOSS Activity • Sensitising Employees Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India • Compliance, including Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS • Intellectual Property Management Activity • Information Systems Management Indian IT Sector and FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

37. Involving the Indian Software Services Customers Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Customers can approach the IT Service Companies for FLOSS Kshma Garg related work, either Introduction Free/Libre and Open • to use the service company and its engineers as an Source Software (FLOSS) extended part of their organisation to develop/extend Economic Impact FLOSS Activity FLOSS, or Where is FLOSS developed? • to use the service company to extend their offering(s) using FLOSS and India Impact of Low FLOSS. Intensity FLOSS Activity Need to ensure: Indian IT Sector and FLOSS • adequate recognition is given to both the service company Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy and its engineers; Foundations Pillars • ensure that all licensing requirements are met Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

38. Involving the Indian Software Services Corporate Sponsor Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg • providing sponsorship to FLOSS projects, events and Introduction organisations Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) • providing infrastructural support like test-beds, Economic Impact web-hosting, software mirrors FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS • building excellence around open source that will result in developed? FLOSS and India the development of new business models around FLOSS, Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS as well as Activity Indian IT • allowing employees to contribute to FLOSS thereby Sector and challenging them and keeping them engaged FLOSS Foundation & Four • building internal excellence and technology leadership Pillars Strategy Foundations • innovations around FLOSS. Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

39. Involving the Indian Software Services Internal Use Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open • Build Internal Software Tools leveraging FLOSS. This is a Source Software (FLOSS) Economic Impact perfect and perpetual mechanism to convert the FLOSS Activity Inﬁnite Bench → Inﬁnite Productive Bench Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India Impact of Low • Use FLOSS alternatives to proprietary software. Not only Intensity FLOSS Activity does this save money, but also allows the organisation to Indian IT build solutions that could later be harnessed for clients Sector and FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

40. Involving the Indian Software Services Employees I Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Employees may not feel challenged enough by their day-to-day Sachin Garg, work. FLOSS provides avenues for such employees, keeping Kshma Garg them intellectually ﬁt. Other advantages include: Introduction • Gives employees a chance to work on projects close to their Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) hearts Economic Impact FLOSS Activity • Employees hone their skills while not on the job Where is FLOSS developed? • Employees learn to participate in communities and FLOSS and India Impact of Low community building Intensity FLOSS Activity This requires a well-thought out policy to prevent leakages of Indian IT Sector and the company’s and its clients’ Intellectual Property. Some of the FLOSS Foundation & Four salient features of such a policy would include: Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars • Transparency and honesty are key. Recommendations • Conﬂicts of Interest have to be minimized and carefully Implementing the F & 4P Strategy scrutinised on a case-by-case basis. Thank You

41. Involving the Indian Software Services Employees II Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open Source Software • Client Clearance so as to ensure that the client is also aware (FLOSS) Economic Impact of what the employees providing the service are doing. FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS • Nodal Agency to take care of all issues related to the developed? FLOSS and India governance of Free and Open Source Software be created Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS within the organisation. Activity Indian IT Sector and FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

43. Involving the Indian Software Services Implementing the Strategy — Industry in the Free and Open Source Policy Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Create an “Open Source Policy” that takes the larger Introduction organisational context in perspective, addressing Free/Libre and Open Source Software • usage of FLOSS infrastructure components to build out (FLOSS) Economic Impact internal capacity. FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS • Information Systems policies that are too often built developed? FLOSS and India around the usage of proprietary software in the Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity organisation; Indian IT • a FLOSS friendly procurement policy; Sector and FLOSS • advocating the usage of FLOSS within the organisation; Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations • client education — work with clients to solve their Pillars problems, at times suggesting FLOSS alternatives rather Recommendations Implementing the F & than a custom solution 4P Strategy Thank You

44. Involving the Indian Software Services Implementing the Strategy — Industry in the Free and Open Source Open Source Office Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open Create an “Open Source Office” that Source Software (FLOSS) • serves as a nodal office responsible for clearing all FLOSS Economic Impact FLOSS Activity related activity in the organisation Where is FLOSS developed? • is a whole-time effort, operating at the highest, preferably FLOSS and India Impact of Low the CTO, level; Intensity FLOSS Activity • draws on the services of a cross-functional pool of people; Indian IT Sector and FLOSS • serves as the convenor for an organisation wide “FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Steering Committee” Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

45. Involving the Indian Software Services Implementing the Strategy — Industry in the Free and Open Source FLOSS Steering Committee Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg A High Level “FLOSS Steering Committee” should be setup that Introduction Free/Libre and Open • Consists of senior executives across the organisation Source Software (FLOSS) representing the key business functions — Human Economic Impact Resources, Finance, Legal, Operations, Quality, FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS developed? Information Technology, Manufacturing, Corporate FLOSS and India Communications etc.; Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity • Formulates policy and analyses the impact of FLOSS on the Indian IT Sector and organisation based on data provided by the nodal agency; FLOSS Foundation & Four • Is empowered to take wide-ranging decisions quickly; Pillars Strategy Foundations • Nominates representatives for the cross-functional FLOSS Pillars Recommendations team forming the core of the nodal agency. Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

46. Involving the Indian Software Services Thank You Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Introduction Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) Questions? Economic Impact FLOSS Activity Where is FLOSS developed? FLOSS and India Impact of Low Intensity FLOSS Activity Indian IT ibaintlconf2009@NavankurIT.in Sector and FLOSS Foundation & Four Pillars Strategy Foundations Pillars Recommendations Implementing the F & 4P Strategy Thank You

47. Involving the Indian Software Services Outline Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Indian IT Sector Market Size Evolution of the Sector 6 Indian IT Sector SWOT Analysis Market Size Evolution of the Sector Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats Analysis of the Sector

48. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT-BPO Industry Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Data from NASSCOM http://www.nasscom.org/Nasscom/ Indian IT Sector templates/NormalPage.aspx?id=55816 Market Size Evolution of the Sector • Indian IT-BPO industry FY2009 estimated revenues: SWOT Analysis USD 71.7 bn • IT software and services industry: USD 60 bn • Employment: Direct: 2.23mn, Indirect 8mn • 1.2% of GDP (FY1998) – 5.8% of GDP (FY2009) • Share of Total Exports: < 4% (1998) – ≈ 16% (2008)

49. Involving the Indian Software Services Exports Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Indian IT • Revenues are estimated to gross USD 47.3 bn in FY2009, Sector Market Size accounting for 66% of the total IT-BPO industry revenues. Evolution of the Sector SWOT Analysis • US is the largest market with 60% share. • European market driving incremental growth—UK (CAGR 41.4%), Continental Europe (CAGR 51.4%) (FY2004-FY2008) • Banking, Financial Services and Insurance segment (BFSI) remains the biggest sector with over 41% of total revenues

50. Involving the Indian Software Services Domestic Market Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, • Presents a signiﬁcant opportunity as IT spending in India is Kshma Garg growing at a pace faster than any other country in the Asia Indian IT Paciﬁc region. Sector Market Size • Domestic IT-BPO revenues expected to grow ≈ 20% to Evolution of the Sector SWOT Analysis reach INR 1,113 bn (> INR 1 lakh crores) in FY2009 • Hardware spend (the largest segment) growth moderated • Domestic IT services are expected to grow by 20% in FY2009, driven by • increased acceptance of IT as a growth enabler, and • a competitive tool for Indian corporations looking to compete in an increasingly globalised environment. • 35 mn strong SMB segement expected to drive future growth

52. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - Phases Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Indian IT Sector Value Addition Market Size Evolution of the Sector IP Focused Development SWOT Analysis Consulting Projects Offshore Onsite Body Shopping Time

54. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Indian IT Sector Market Size Evolution of the Sector SWOT Analysis

55. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg Indian IT Sector Market Size Evolution of the Sector SWOT Analysis

56. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- stantially high on the Value Indian IT Chain Sector Market Size Evolution of the Sector SWOT Analysis

57. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- stantially high on the Value Indian IT Chain Sector Market Size Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market

58. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- stantially high on the Value Indian IT Chain Sector Market Size Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market

59. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector Market Size Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market

60. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market

61. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market # Manpower supply constraints

62. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market # Manpower supply constraints Opportunities

63. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market # Manpower supply constraints Opportunities # Global vendors playing in the domestic market

64. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market # Manpower supply constraints Opportunities # Global vendors playing in the domestic market # Leapfrog opportunities. These require strategic direction and long-term thinking

65. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market # Manpower supply constraints Opportunities # Global vendors playing in the domestic market # Leapfrog opportunities. These require strategic direction and long-term thinking # Bottom of Pyramid Innovation

66. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market # Manpower supply constraints Threats Opportunities # Global vendors playing in the domestic market # Leapfrog opportunities. These require strategic direction and long-term thinking # Bottom of Pyramid Innovation

67. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market # Manpower supply constraints Threats Opportunities # Rising factor costs resulting in # Global vendors playing in lowering advantages on the the domestic market cost-arbitrage alone # Leapfrog opportunities. These require strategic direction and long-term thinking # Bottom of Pyramid Innovation

68. Involving the Indian Software Services Indian IT Sector - SWOT Analysis Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World Strengths Weaknesses Sachin Garg, Kshma Garg # Mature Industry — sub- # Productivity is not keeping stantially high on the Value the desired pace Indian IT Chain Sector # Skewed structure — small Market Size number of large ﬁrms Evolution of the Sector # Strong and Vibrant domestic IT SWOT Analysis market # Manpower supply constraints Threats Opportunities # Rising factor costs resulting in # Global vendors playing in lowering advantages on the the domestic market cost-arbitrage alone # Leapfrog opportunities. These require strategic direction and # Emerging Competition: long-term thinking LatAm, East Europe, China # Bottom of Pyramid Innovation

Involving the Indian Software Services Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World

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Involving the Indian Software Services Industry in the Free and Open Source Software World