Henri Fayol was a French mining engineer and director who developed one of the earliest comprehensive theories of management in the early 20th century. He identified five primary functions of management as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. Fayol also outlined fourteen principles of management that included elements like the division of labor, authority, discipline, unity of command, and subordination of individual interests to the common good. Luther Gulick later summarized Fayol's theory as POSDCORB, representing the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting.