1. 1
NUR ANISAH
BAGIAN HISTOLOGI & BIOLOGI SEL,
FAKULTASKEDOKTERAN,
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA, YOGYAKARTA
Blok Sistem Reproduksi, 9 Feb 2010 [04]
SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA
2. 22
memilikimemiliki
enam fungsi utama:enam fungsi utama:
Menghasilkan gamet betina, yaituMenghasilkan gamet betina, yaitu
ovum,ovum,
melalui proses oogenesismelalui proses oogenesis
Menerima gamet jantan, yaituMenerima gamet jantan, yaitu
spermatozoaspermatozoa
Menyediakan lingkungan yang sesuaiMenyediakan lingkungan yang sesuai
untukuntuk
pembuahan ovum oleh spermatozoapembuahan ovum oleh spermatozoa
Menyediakan lingkungan yang sesuaiMenyediakan lingkungan yang sesuai
untukuntuk
3. 33
GAMBARAN UMUMGAMBARAN UMUM
SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITASISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA
██ KOMPONEN SISTEMKOMPONEN SISTEM
■■ Ovarium (indung telur)Ovarium (indung telur)
■■ Tuba uterina (tubaTuba uterina (tuba
Falopii/oviduct)Falopii/oviduct)
■■ Uterus (rahim)Uterus (rahim)
■■ VaginaVagina
■■ Apparatus genitalia externaApparatus genitalia externa
7. 7
1. Ovarium
● Organ ini merupakan gonade
● Tersusun oleh:
- folikel-folikel → perkembangan telur
(ovum)
- setelah folikel masak, ovum dilepaskan,
sedangkan folikel yg tertinggal
membentuk → corpus luteum:
memproduksi hormon estrogen &
progesteron
8. 8
Figure 23—2. Ovary of a woman of reproductive age showing its main components:
germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortical region, and medullary region.
9. 9
Figure. Photomicrograph of part of
an ovary showing the cortical and
medullary regions. H&E stain. Low
magnification.
Ovary human, H&E
10. 1010
Folliculus ovariiFolliculus ovarii
1.1. Folliculus primordialisFolliculus primordialis
2.2. Pertumbuhan follikel:Pertumbuhan follikel:
a. Folliculi primarius:a. Folliculi primarius:
i. Folliculus primarius unilaminariusi. Folliculus primarius unilaminarius
ii. Folliculus multilaminariusii. Folliculus multilaminarius
b. Folliculus secundariusb. Folliculus secundarius
3.3. Folliculus maturus = folliculus de GraafFolliculus maturus = folliculus de Graaf
4.4. Folliculus atreticusFolliculus atreticus
11. 11
Fig. Types of ovarian follicles, from
primordial to mature.
The relative proportions of the follicles are
not maintained in this drawing.
13. 13
Figure 23—6. Cortical region of an
ovary. Besides primordial follicles
formed by an oocyte and flat
follicular cells, a few follicles at the
initial stage of growth (unilaminar
primary follicles) are present.
These are formed by an oocyte
and one layer of cuboidal
granulosa cells. Pararosaniline—
toluidine blue (PT) stain. Low
magnification.
14. 14
Figure 23—7.
Photomicrograph of a
preantral ovarian follicle
formed by an oocyte and
several layers of
granulosa cells. The
oocyte is surrounded by
the zona pellucida.
Picrosirius-hematoxylin
(PSH) stain. Medium
magnification.
16. 16
Figure 23—9. Photomicrograph
of part of an antral follicle.
Cavities (A) that appear in the
granulosa layer will fuse and
form one large cavity, the
antrum. The oocyte is
surrounded by the zona
pellucida. Granulosa cells (G)
surround the oocyte and cover
the wall of the follicle. A theca
can be seen around the follicle.
H&E. Medium magnification.
17. 17
Figure 23—10. Photomicrograph of an antral follicle showing the oocyte
surrounded by the granulosa cells of the corona radiata and supported by the
cells of the cumulus oophorus. The remaining granulosa cells form the wall of
the follicle and surround the large antrum. A theca surrounds the whole follicle.
PT stain. Medium magnification.
18. 18
Figure 23—11. Photomicrograph of a small part of the wall of an antral
follicle, showing the antrum, the layer of granulosa cells, and the thecas.
The theca interna surrounds the follicle, and its cells appear lightly stained
because their cytoplasm contains lipid droplets, a characteristic of steroid-
producing cells. The theca interna is surrounded by the theca externa,
which merges with the stroma of the ovary. A basement membrane
separates the granulosa layer from the theca interna. PT stain. High
magnification.
19. 19
Figure 23—12. Photomicrograph of the atresia of a follicle characterized
by: (1) the death of granulosa cells, many of which are seen loose in the
antrum; (2) loss of the cells of the corona radiata; and (3) the oocyte
floating free within the antrum. PT stain. Medium magnification.
20. 20
Figure 23—13. Part of
a corpus luteum.
Granulosa lutein cells,
which constitute the
majority of the cells,
derive from the
granulosa layer.
They are larger and
stain more lightly than
the theca lutein cells,
which originate from
the theca interna.
21. 21
Figure 23—14.
Photomicrograph of a
small portion of a
corpus luteum. Most
cells present in the
figure are granulosa
lutein cells. PT stain.
High magnification.
22. 22
Figure 23—15. Pituitary hormones
control most ovarian functions.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates follicular growth and
synthesis of estrogen by the
granulosa cells.
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
induces ovulation and transforms
the granulosa layer and the theca
interna into an actively secreting
gland, the corpus luteum.
- Estrogen and progesterone
produced in the ovary act on the
hypothalamus, stimulating or
inhibiting the liberation of
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH).
25. 25
Corpus albicans
mrpk massa jar. fibrosa
tidak aktif
Gamb. utama ovarium
manusia, jumlahnya
meningkat dng usia,
sering tampak
menempati hampir
seluruh jar. stroma
ovarium
26. 2626
2. Tuba uterina (oviduct)2. Tuba uterina (oviduct)
Terdapat sepasang, panjangTerdapat sepasang, panjang ± 12± 12
cmcm
Menjaring ovum yang telah lepasMenjaring ovum yang telah lepas
Sebagai tempat utama fertilisasiSebagai tempat utama fertilisasi
Membawa ovum ke uterus, baikMembawa ovum ke uterus, baik
yang sudah mengalami fertilisasiyang sudah mengalami fertilisasi
maupun yang belum mengalamimaupun yang belum mengalami
fertilisasi, transportasi zygot kefertilisasi, transportasi zygot ke
27. 2727
Bagian-bagian tuba uterinaBagian-bagian tuba uterina
Pars interstitialisPars interstitialis
IsthmusIsthmus
AmpullaAmpulla
Infundibulum, lanjutan lapisanInfundibulum, lanjutan lapisan
mukosanya berbentuk seperti jari-jarimukosanya berbentuk seperti jari-jari →→
fimbriaefimbriae
28. 28
Figure 23—17.
Photomicrograph of part of
the wall of an oviduct. The
highly folded mucosa
indicates that this region is
close to the ovary. PT stain.
Low magnification.
29. 29
Figure 23—18. Photomicrograph of the epithelial lining of an oviduct. The
epithelial lining is formed by ciliated and more darkly staining nonciliated
secretory cells. Ciliated cells contribute to the movement of the oocyte or
conceptus to the uterus. PT stain. High magnification.
33. 3333
3. Uterus3. Uterus
Dilapisi oleh mukosa (endometrium)Dilapisi oleh mukosa (endometrium)
yg mengalami perubahan-yg mengalami perubahan-
perubahan struktur berkalaperubahan struktur berkala→→
dikendalikan oleh hormon ovariumdikendalikan oleh hormon ovarium
Berperan sebagai tempat implantasiBerperan sebagai tempat implantasi
dan pemberian makanan ovum ygdan pemberian makanan ovum yg
telah mengalami fertilisasitelah mengalami fertilisasi
42. 4242
4.4. VaginaVagina
Mrpk organ serupa tabung iniMrpk organ serupa tabung ini
membantumembantu
mendorong sperma melalui cervixmendorong sperma melalui cervix
Cairan di dalam lumen vaginaCairan di dalam lumen vagina
menambahmenambah
motilitas spermamotilitas sperma
Di bawah pengaruh estrogen, epitelDi bawah pengaruh estrogen, epitel
vaginavagina
menebal dan sel-selnya menimbunmenebal dan sel-selnya menimbun
74. 74
- Schematic drawing of the
female breast showing
inactive and active
mammary glands.
- Each lactiferous duct with
its accompanying smaller
ducts is a gland in itself and
constitutes the lobes of the
gland.
75. 75
Figure 23—28. Changes in the
mammary gland. A: In
nonpregnant women, the gland
is quiescent and
undifferentiated, and its duct
system is inactive. B: During
pregnancy, alveoli proliferate at
the ends of the ducts and
prepare for the secretion of milk.
C: During lactation, alveoli are
fully differentiated, and milk
secretion is abundant. Once
lactation is completed, the gland
reverts to the nonpregnant
condition.
77. 7777
STRUKTUR MAMMAESTRUKTUR MAMMAE
Terdiri dari : Jaringan alveolarTerdiri dari : Jaringan alveolar
(kelenjar susu) :(kelenjar susu) :
* lobus-lobus dipisahkan oleh j. ikat &* lobus-lobus dipisahkan oleh j. ikat &
j.j.
lemaklemak
* setiap lobus bermuara ke ductus* setiap lobus bermuara ke ductus
lactiferus (saluran air susu)lactiferus (saluran air susu)
* Saluran limfe sebagai plexus halus* Saluran limfe sebagai plexus halus
dalamdalam
78. 78
Photomicrograph of lactating
mammary gland.
Several alveoli are filled
with milk, visible as granular
material.
The vacuoles in the lumen
and in the alveolar cell
cytoplasm represent the lipid
portion of milk.
PT stain. Medium
magnification.
79. 79
Figure 23—30. Secreting cells from the mammary gland.
From left to right, note the accumulation and extrusion of
lipids and proteins.
The proteins are released through exocytosis.
87. 8787
FUNGSI :FUNGSI :
Sebagai jalan masuk sperma keSebagai jalan masuk sperma ke
dalam tubuh wanitadalam tubuh wanita
Sebagai pelindung organ kelaminSebagai pelindung organ kelamin
dalam dari organisme penyebabdalam dari organisme penyebab
infeksiinfeksi
![1
NUR ANISAH
BAGIAN HISTOLOGI & BIOLOGI SEL,
FAKULTASKEDOKTERAN,
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA, YOGYAKARTA
Blok Sistem Reproduksi, 9 Feb 2010 [04]
SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/52684484-04-dra-nur-anisah-systema-genitalia-feminina-120202030147-phpapp01/85/52684484-04dranuranisahsystemagenitaliafeminina-1-320.jpg)
