Introduction to Hospital and its history. types and classification of hospital, challenges to modern hospitals

1. INTRODUCTION
TO HOSPITAL
& ITS
CHALLENGES
-Dr.Sharad H.Gajuryal
Junior Resident
MD( Hospital Administration)
BPKIHS,Dharan

2. INTRODUCTION
 Hospitals are the institution providing medical &
surgical treatment and nursing care for any ill or
injured people.
 It is an intregal part of social and medical
organization, The function of which is to provide
complete health care to the needy one, both
curative and preventive.It is also a center for
providing training to health workers & center for
biosocial research(WHO)

4.  Hospitals are the part of social system which
again have subsystem like clinical services,
Diagnostic services, Therapeutic Services,
supportive and utility services with
heterogeneous group of people like Doctors,
Nurse ,Paramedics ,Administrative staffs all
working together to provide medical care to
patients.

5. HISTORY
The word “Hospital” originated from
Latin word “Hospice” ,meaning of
which is guest. The medieval Latin
word “Hospitale” means the place for
reception of guest which have mainly
six types of institutional meanings,
one of which is
“ An institution that care for sick,
injured and wounded”
In early period during greek and
roman civilizations,Temples were
used as hospitals. With birth of
christianity, Churches were also used
as hospitals.

6.  The Earliest noted Hospital was
HOTEL DIEU,PARIS 542 AD
St.BARTHOLOMEU’S HOSPITAL,LONDON
1123AD
SPANISH HOSPITAL,MEXICO CITY,1524 AD
FIRST GENERAL HOSPITAL,NORTH
AMERICA(PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL)
1715AD
MASSACHUSETTS HOSPITAL 1811 AD
The advance in all field of medical science led to experimental growth in
hospital service.

7. LEGAL STATUS OF HOSPITAL
 Generally 3 types of legal status
 Public hospital
 NGO run Hospital
 Private hospital

8.  Public Hospital : They are directly under
govermental control. They can be categorized as
- Sole government hospital
- Semi-Autonomous hospital
- Autonomous hospital
Sole Government Hospital are manged by civil
servant. The fee /Income directly goes to
government treasury and have direct control of
government.

9.  Semi Autonomous Hospital- Run and managed
under Development committee Act. Government
constitutes a development committee accourding
to the act and committee is responsible for
managing hospital, fix fees, appointing staffs
(under dev. Committee only) . Government also
send civil servants to manage semi-autonoomous
hospital. Eg- Kanti Children Hospital, Maternity
Hospital etc.

10.  Autonomous Hospital –These kinds of hospitals
are established, run and managed under
separate act for individual hospital. The
governing body is the apex body to manage and
run hospital. Eg. BPKIHS, Gangalal Heart center

11.  Public hospitals also can be catagorized into
purely Civil hospital (kanti children hospital ),
For Service personel (Police, Army Hospital ),
and education institute (BPKIHS,TUTH etc)

12.  2. NGO run hospital :
 They are non profit and social organization and are
part of social service. These hospitlas must be
registered in concerned District administration office
and social walfare council for legal validity.
 They also must take permission from Ministry of
Health to establish and run hospital
 Eg-Mission haospital, Palpa. Scheer Memorial
Hospital etc.

13.  3. Private Hospital- These Hospitals are run by
private sectors and must be registered under
company act in the company Registrat’s office.
 They may be Proprietary Hospital or Private
Limited Hospital or Limited Hospital.
 They must take permission from Ministry of
Health to establish run and manage hospitals.

14. TYPES AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF
HOSPITAL
 According to the definition given by WHO , all
hospital will not qualify to called a Hospital.
Because there are wide range of Hospital. Some
are big, some small, some imparting teaching &
training activities and some with mixed facilities.
So Hospitals can be categorized and classified in
different manners.

15. 1. According to Ownership:
 Public Hospital
 NGO run hospital
 Private Hospital
2. According to Objectives:
 General Hospital
 Speciality Hospital
 Teaching –cum- research Hospital

16. 3. According to System of Medicine
 Allopathic Hospital
 Ayurvedic Hospital
 Homeopathic Hospital
 Unani Hospital
4. According to Level of Care
 Primary care Hospital eg.PHC
 Secondary care Hospital eg.Dist. Hospital
 Tertiary care Hospital eg. Regional Hospital

17. 5. According to size of Hospital
 Health Centers
 District Hospitals
 Zonal Hospitals
 Regional Hospitals
 Central Hospital
6. According to Teaching facility
 Teaching Hospital
 Non-Teaching Hospital

18. FUNCTION OF HOSPITAL
 Curative or medical care
 Preventive care
 Promotive care
 Rehabitative care
 Education and training
 Research

19. HOSPITALS IN 21ST CENTURY
 The hospitals have travelled a long journey from
a time when hospitals were used to be synonym
to temples or home where people go to take
complete rest and wait till death.
 Today hospital are a hi-tech organizations, If a
patient recalls his hospital stay he will have
memory of being surrounded by electronic
gadgets, hi tech equipments ,doctors , nurse with
computer, notebook , pen drives and every thing
being processed with computers

20.  In past, the aim of hospital was to provide care,
comfort and assurance to the patient with team
of dedicated doctors , nurses and other staffs
whose aim was never uopn to earn money but to
serve the poor, helpless and destitute.
 The doctors were treated as god and patient were
treated as guest or angels of god.

21.  Due to rapid development and advancement of
technology, influence of money in lives of people,
policy of government, Health insurance, medical
tourism etc have changed total scenario of
hospital in new millennium.
 The shift is from care of sick and treating the
patient as an agent of god to treating patient as
customer and providing quality care which is
need based as developing the hospitals as center
of excellence and profit making organizations.

22. CHALLENGES TO HOSPITALS
 Changes in Pay Structure i.e high costs
 Quality Services
 Management by clinicians in Bureaucratic way
 Lack of trained and professional manpower
 Awareness of clients to rights and obligations
 Patient Satisfaction
 Legislation in the helth care.