Explained about different modes of transportation ....

1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Presented by,
Sheethal
MBA

2. INTRODUCTION

TRANSPORT : Transport is a system in which
passengers & goods are carried from one place to
another.

Well known and coordinated transportation plays an
important role in the sustained economic growth of a
country.

When different regions of a country start specializing
in certain selected products, the need for exchange
automatically arises.

Exchange of product or sending products to other
places involves transportation.

3. Transport ,in fact , provides a vital link
between production centers , distribution
areas and the ultimate customers.
 In India, it has attained a magnificent
growth over the years both in expansion
of network as well as output.


4. Importance of Transportation





solve problem unemployment
supplying machineries
Protect people from difficulties of war
Establish relationship
large scale production

5. IMPORTANT MEANS OF TRANSPORT
Railways
 Road transport
 Water transport
 Air transport


6. RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Development and expansion of railways
lays revolutionized transport system
world over.
 It is convenient mode of transport for
long distance and suitable for carrying
heavy and bulky goods.
 It has played a crucial role in
industrialization and development of
nations.


7. Indian railways began their operation in
april-1853 when the first railway steamed
off from Bombay to Thane , a stretch of
34 km.
 Over the years the Indian railway system
has grown to be the largest in Asia and 2nd
largest in world.
 As far as of route lengths is concerned,
Indian railway system is 4th largest in the
world after US, Russia and China.


8. For freight traffic point of view it is 4th but
substantially behind these 3 railway system.
 On the eve of independence, our railway
system was under severe strain but
gradually modernized and rehabilitated.
 During the 6th plan government kept an
outlay of Rs. 5100 cr for railways – out of
which Rs.2100 cr was for rolling stock and
Rs.500 cr for track renewals.


9. 
Finally Rs.6573 cr was spent according to
11th five year plan document main
objective of government of India was
1.
Capacity enhancement
Technology upgradation
Safety and passenger amenities
Attaining higher maintaince standards.
2.
3.
4.

10. Importance
Indian railways carry most of long distances
passenger traffic and 80% of total freight.
(ii) Indian railways provide employment to a
huge number of people in the country.
(iii) Provide mail services.
(iv) They carry big chunks of goods from place
of production to ports.
(v) Iron and steel industries based upon railways
as they transport raw materials and finished
products from one place to another.
(i)

11. Railways Network in India






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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Route Length
Railway stations
Railway Engines
Coaches
Wagons
Running Track
Electrified Track
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
63028 km
6867km
7517 km
36510 km
2, 44,519 km
1, 07,969 km
15127 km

12. Finances of Indian Railways (in core)
YEAR
TOTAL
EARNINGS
TOTAL
NET
DIVIDEND
EXPENSES EARNING TO
GENERAL
REVENUE
SURPLUS
(+)
DEFICIT
(-)
1950-51
260
210
50
30
+20
1980-81
2,620
2,500
120
320
-200
1996-97
24,625
21,000
3,625
1,507
+2,118
2006-07
64,780
50,330
14,450
4,250
+10,200
2010-11
97,151
88,129
9,021
4,917
4,104
2011-12
1,06,647
99,502
7,144
5,652
1,492
2012-13
1,35,694
1,13,461
22,233
6,676
15,557

13. Progress made by Indian Railways
1. Priority has been assigned to conversion of meter gauge
lines into broad gouge. Railways tracks are electrified.
2. Steam engines have been replaced by diesel and electrical
engines.
3. Railways have specialized themselves in carrying over long
distances heavy and bulky goods including containers.
4. Fast moving trains and public amenities at railway station is
introduced. Railway made a significant problem in the area of
track replacement. Rajdhani and Shatabdi trains are
introduced.
5. At present, the railways comprise three gauges-broad
(1.675m), meter (1.000m) and narrow (0.762m). Efforts are
being made to convert meter gouge track to broad gauge
track.

14. ROAD TRANSPORT
Road transport is most suitable for short
and medium distance where other means
are unable to reach.
 It provides door-to-door service , which is
not possible with other means.
 It is the most promising means of
agricultural and industrial advancement of a
country.
 Today , it occupies a predominant position
in the transport network in the country.


15. ROAD TRANSPORT
Roads are classified into following 4 categories
1. National highways - These roads links large
cities and big industrial centers.
2. State Highways
- These roads connects all
important centres of industry, trade as well as
commerce of the state and also national
highways.
3. District Roads - These roads connect different
parts of district , important industrial centres,
important railway station.
4. Rural Roads- These are found in villages both
pucca or Metalled and kutch or Non-Metalled.


16. MAJOR NATIONAL HIGHWAYS IN INDIA
S.NO.
Name of Highways
Cities Connected by Them
1
Grand Truck Road
Calcutta, Delhi, Patna & Amritsar
2
Calcutta-Mumbai Road
Calcutta, Nagpur & Mumbai
3
Agra-Mumbai Road
Agra, Gwalior, Indore & Mumbai
4
Calcutta-Chennai Road
Calcutta, Cuttack & Chennai
5
Pathankot-Dalhousie Road
Pathankot, Dalhousie
6
Great Kadan Road
Mirzapur, Nagpur & Banglore

17. Advantages of road transport




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Door-to-door service
flexibility
Reliability
Reach to remote places
Speed

18. Road development in India
India has one of the largest road networks in the
world, aggregating to about 33.14 lakh km at present.
 However, this network is not adequate for speedy
and efficient transportation.


19. Important initiatives in the road
sector.
1. The National Highway Development project
(NHDP)
Deals with building high quality highways.
 The NHDP is largest highway project
ever
undertaken by the country and is being
implemented by the National Highway Authority of
India (NHAI).
2. Pradhan Mantri Bharat Jado pariyojana (PMBJP )Deals with linking up major cities to the NHDP
highways.
3. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY )It addresses the rural roads.

20. WATER TRANSPORT
Water transport are cheapest method of shipping heavy ,
low value , non – perishable goods .
Water transport can be divided into 2 categories.
1.
Inland water transport
It includes natural modes such as navigable rivers and
artificial modes.

India has about 14,500 kms of navigable waterways.

Development of IWT commenced from second five
year plan –total outlay was around rs.34cr.

Further rs.903cr was alloted for IWT in one tenth
plan.

Again, in 11th plan period three more waterways are
proposed to be added to include coverage of
additional 4,500km.

21. 2. Shipping – it is divided into 2 categories.
(a)Coastal shipping (b) Overseas shipping
(a)Coastal shipping –
 India has a longest coastline of 7,517 km,
number of ports,
 12 major and 200 non-major ports besides a
vast hinterland

It is the most energy efficient and cheapest
mode of transport for carriage of bulky goods
like iron and steel, coal , iron ore , timber , etc
over long distance.

22. (b) Overseas shipping In this case, due to international trade
considerable attention has been paid to
raise shipping tonnage during planning
era.
 As a result, the share of Indian shipping in
the transportation of India’s overseas
trade has slowly and consistently
increased in the planning period.
 Presently, almost 90 percent of the
country’s trade volume is moved by sea.

23. PORTS
In India, there are 12 major ports and
200 non-major ports along the coastline.
 Major ports direct responsibility of
central government while non-major
ports are managed and administrated by
the respective state government.
 Further a major port project of Nhava
sheva was sanctioned of an estimated
cost of rs. 592 cr .


24. AIR TRANSPORT
Air transport is most modern ,quickest as well as latest edition
to the mode of transport.
 Airports are managed by the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
Efforts are on to provide with the latest scientific technology
to ensure passengers safety and quick handling of passengers
and freight traffic.

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1.
2.
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In India, government first decided to air routes in 1920
between
Mumbai and kolkata
Kolkata and Rangoon
Subsequently, during 10th plan period an expenditure of rs.
12,928 cr was provided to the ministry of civil Aviation out
of which rs.7,792cr was spent.
Further ,in 11th plan rs.43,560 cr was kept aside as total
projected outlay.

25. PROBLEMS OF AIR TRANSPORT IN INDIA
1. There are a small number of industrial and
business centers as compared to the size of the
country.
 2.
Heavy goods can’t be transported from one
place to another by aero planes.
 3.
The cost of aviation petrol is very high
resulting in the high cost of operation and making
air travel beyond the reach of middle classes.
 4.
The components and spare parts of the
aero planes are imported from other countries.
This has impeded the growth of civil aviation of
the country.
