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Marine Systems
Coastal processes   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1- Coasts Coastline in Pembroke shire, Wales
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
2- Waves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Waves can be destructive or constructive. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Waves: Powerful destructive waves are associated with erosion (left) and constructive waves are calmer and involved with transport and deposition
[object Object]
Spilling Breaker Powerful Swash Weak Backwash Constructive Wave
Crashing breaker Weak swash Powerful Backwash Destructive Wave
3- Erosion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
4- Transportation and deposition ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Coastal features   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Coastal features created by erosion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Cliffs    ,[object Object],[object Object]
Seven Sisters chalk cliffs on the East Sussex coast
 
2. Headlands and bays ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Headland and bay: Myrtos Bay, Kefalonia
[object Object],[object Object]
 
Erosion  can create caves, arches and stacks along a headland. Again weathering can also help to create these landforms.   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Original Land surface Wave-cut platform stump stack Natural  Arch Old cliff line
Coastal features created by deposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beautiful beaches around the world are made up of eroded material
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chesil Beach in Dorset stretches for 18 miles from West Bay to Portland. Lagoons have formed behind the spit.
[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical management of the coast   ,[object Object],Some coastal villages need protection from high tide flooding
Hard engineering Hard engineering options tend to be expensive and short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment. The table shows the most common hard engineering solutions.
 
Rock Armour/ Boulder Barrier Building Groynes Concrete Sea Wall
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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Marine Systems