Brasília is the planned capital city of Brazil, located in the central highlands. It was designed in the 1950s by urban planner Lúcio Costa and architect Oscar Niemeyer to decentralize Brazil's population and develop its interior. The city is laid out in a pilot plan resembling an airplane, with distinct sectors for administration, commerce, housing and recreation connected by broad avenues. While Brasília succeeded architecturally and symbolically, its utopian social ideals did not fully translate to reality due to high costs and cultural issues. Today it remains an iconic example of modernist urban planning.

2. -LOCATION
-POPULATION
-CLIMATE
-TOPOGRAPHY
-CULTURE
-MODERNISM
-AIMS
-COSTA’S NOTES
-SECTOR FUNCTIONS
-ACCESSIBILTY
-COSTA’S CONLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil.
Brasilia, the planned city of Brazil.
It has a population of 2,562,963),making it the fourth largest city in Brazil.
It is the third capital of Brazil
-Salvador(1549-1763).
-Rio de Janeiro(1763-1960)
Brasília is the largest city in the world that did
not exist at the beginning of the 20th century.
The city was planned & developed in 1956.
with LUCIO COSTA-- principal urban planner
and OSCAR NIEMEYER --principal architect.
In 1960 it formally became Brazil’s capital.
City’s shape resembles an airplane or a
bird.
It is listed as world heritage site by UNESCO

4. LOCATION
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/maps/satellite-cities.html

5. LOCATION
Brasilia(CITY)- Goias(STATE)Brazil(COUNTRY)
Federal District
central part of Brazil-divided into 29
regions
Preto River = East
Descoberto River = West
http://www.brasiliabsb.com/bsb_aug2.htm
N

6. SIZE:2245 sq. mile (5814 sq.m )
PROJECT:•1956 LUCIO COSTA brazilian urban planner wins competition
•Major government buildings designed by architect OSCAR
NIEMEYER.
•Landscape and layout planned by designer ROBERTO
BURLE.
DATES:•1956—1961, Inaugurated on 21st April 1960.
•1987 UNESCO declares Brasilia part of the World heritage.
POPULATION:•Planned for only 50,000 inhabitants,due to massive population
growth ; Currently there are 2,557,000 inhabitants.

7. PURPOSE OF BRASILIA
FOR NEW DEVLOPMENT.
TO RELIEVE THE PRESSURE OF OVERPOPULATION FROM THE
OLD CAPITAL RIO DE JANEIRO.
TO CREATE A RENEWED SENSE OF NATIONAL PRIDE. A
COMPLETELY MODERN 21ST CENTURY CITY.
CLIMATE
Dry and Humid Season
The average temperature is 20.5 °c
Highest average maximum
temperature, 28 °c (82 °f).
http://www.slideshare.net/ivanleung/presentation-brasilia

8. HISTORY
From 1763 to 1960, Rio de Janeiro was the capital of Brazil.
At this time, resources tended to be centered in Brazil's south
east region near Rio de Janeiro. But geographically Brasilia is in
central location.
Dating back to 1891 stated that the capital should be moved
from Rio de Janeiro to a place close to the centre of the country.
plan was originally conceived in 1827 by José Bonifácio, an
advisor to Emperor Pedro I. He presented a plan to the General
Assembly of Brazil for a new city called Brasília with the idea of
moving the capital westward from the heavily populated south
eastern corridor. The bill was not enacted because Pedro I
dissolved the Assembly.

9. HISTORY
Juscelino Kubitschek , President of Brazil from 1956 to
1961, ordered the construction of Brasília.
Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in
1957, with 5550 people competing. Oscar Niemeyer, a close
friend, was the chief architect of most public buildings
and Roberto Brule Marx was the landscape designer.
Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April
21, 1960, when it was officially inaugurated.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia

10. CULTURE
•Diverse Culture: Portuguese , Africans, Italian, German, Other
European, Japanese, Amerindian.
•Architecture : Cubist ideas , abstract
forms, baroque, colonial, modern, combination of skills rather
than one.
•Portuguese legacy: language , religion and law.
http://www.brasiliabsb.com/bsb_aug2.htm
COMPEITION
NOVACAP- (Nova Capital–New Capital Urbanization Agency)
-Headed by architect Oscar Niemeyer.
-Company to urbanize the new capital.
-Series of competitions between architects and urban planners.
http://www.distritofederal.df.gov.br; http://www.brasiliabsb.com/

11. 1stPlace-LucioCosta
2ndPlace-BoruchMilman, JoãoHenriqueRocha and
NeyFontes Gonçalves
3rdplace-RinoLevi, RobertoCerqueiraCesar and
L. R.CarvalhoFranco
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/bsb_h1i.htm
4th place
-M.M. M. Roberto Arquitects

12. PLANO PILATO- BEST BY LUCIO COSTA
2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link

13. LUCIO COSTA
 a modernist architect and student of
famous modernist Le Corbusier
responsible for the layout
 utopian city
AIMS of Plano PilotoIdeal city, ideal society
Symbol of Brazilian greatness
Lead to the development of the central region
of Brazil
Become the new centre of Brazil
http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch162-RevisedBrasilia

14. PLANNING CONCEPT
When seen from above, the city’s pilot plan (―Plano Piloto‖)
resembles the shape of an airplane Others see it as a bird with
open wings.

15. (Costa hated all comparisons). His original urban concept pointed to the
shape of a cross, to symbolize possession

16. CONCEPT
1-Intended to provide Brasilia with
the diginity of a capital city.
BRASILIA has two axis crossing at
right angle; monumental axis(the
fuselage of the plane) intersecting in
the centre of the city with a residential
axis( the wings of an airplane).
2-to adapt this design to the local
topography, the natural drainage of the
area,
One of the axis war curved in order to
make it fit into equilateral triangle.
http://www.slideshare.net/ivanleung/presentation-brasilia

17. COSTA’S NOTES:23 NOTES, presents the solution of Plano Pilato
Notes 1-3
–Form:
Two axes crossing (one is curved)--a plane OR bird in flight.
–Adapted:
local topography, natural drainage, best possible orientation.
–Free principles highway engineering:
elimination of intersections, the curved axis.
SECTOR FUNCTIONS
Notes 3-5
– Residential districts
have been placed along the Curved axis
– civic and administrative centre, recreation centre, the municipal
administration facilities, the barracks, the storage and supply zones, small
local industries sites and the Railway station along the monumental axis
http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch162-RevisedBrasilia

18. Banking and commercial districts fell alongside the intersection
of monumental and high way-residential.
location of the entertainment centre is along the intersection of the
monument and the back axis.
Primary Roads
Curved Axis
Monumental Axis
Back Axis
http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch162-RevisedBrasilia

19. HIGHWAYS
EXPRESSWAYS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia

20. TRANSPORTATION
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
METRO
HIGH SPEED RAILS
BUSES

21. SECTOR FUNCTIONS-ZONING
•Residential
•Administrative
•Commercial
•Entertainment
2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele Atlas

22. 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele Atlas

23. RESIDENTIAL AREAS

24. RESIDENTIAL AREAS

25. CIVIC CENTERS

26. CIVIC

27. ADMINISTRATIVE

28. ADMINISTRATIVE

29. COMMERCIAL

30. BUILDING HIERARCHY
Plaza of Three Powers
House fundamental powers (equilateral triangle):Government & Supreme court-base of the triangle
Congress-at the Apex
Church-at the centre given own square.
Monumental Axis:-Government and Municipal Plaza evident.
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm

31. LANDSCAPING
Superblocks: surrounded by bands of greenery planted with trees
Strips of the Districts :Also planted with greenery
Park City: Filled with open areas, such as parks, squares, for flower
and vegetable gardens, orchards, Botanic garden
Cemetaries : end of residential highway axis.
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
Notes 6-7
 Secondary Roads: controls heavy vehicular traffic
Traffic: controlled by roads that would either go on a
platform, underground, or under the platform.
Clover shaped Turn-offs: circulate in the different districts
without creating an intersection.
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
Independent Paths:
local pathway systems were created for each district
(residential, commercial,administrative districts)
Separated from vehicular circulation.
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm

32. COSTA’S CONCLUSION
•Airplane, Monumental Axis
•Four Scales of Design:
–Monumental scale(symbolic)
–Residential scale(comfortable)
–Gregarious scale (social)
–Bucolic scale(park city, rustic)
•Dignity of a capital city:
–Esplanade, where the ministries and public buildings are located
–the bus station, where the two axis cross
–the Cathedral
–the Plaza of Three Powers
•SUPERBLOCKS- uniform height of six stories, no high rises, and vast
motorways
•Ample parking, low population density, open green space for people to enjoy.

33. COSTA’S CONCLUSION
•SUPERBLOCKS-.

34. S
U
P
E
R
B
L
O
C
K
S

35. TODAY BRASILIA
We can certainly say that Brasilia changed the ways for brazilian
architecture. Niemeyer showed in a couple lines the harmony and beauty that
those buildings would have. And it is interesting that during all these
years, the buildings remain great and admired all over the world. The modern
use of concrete and glass and the sensual shapes of buildings inspired in
women curves are marks of Brasilia's architecture.

36. INTRODUCTION
Brasília today
 Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil.
Brasilia, the planned city of Brazil.
It has a population of 2,562,963),making it the fourth largest city in Brazil.
It is the third capital of Brazil
-Salvador(1549-1763).
-Rio de Janeiro(1763-1960)
Brasília in late 60

37. BRAZILIAS REALITY
–Debt : produced a debt of over 2 billion dollars.
–Culturally Inappropriate: good ideas in theory, but in reality they could never
work; based on European theories.
–Unsocial : Ideal community was not established, no multi-use places (only
home and work), no character.
–City for a car not for a pedestrian
SUCCESSES:
-Symbolic: unified Brazil, source of hope and pride
–Easy to build: sectors
–Establish New Brazil: Location connected the rest of the country together
(central location and superb highway network)
.
http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>

38. BIBLOGRAPHY
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/facts/history.php
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/maps/
http://designkultur.wordpress.com/2010/01/18/urban-planning-brasiliaquickfacts/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasília
http://www.slideshare.net/ivanleung/presentation-brasilia
http://www.scribd.com/doc/14043752/Bras-Ilia
http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch
162-RevisedBrasilia