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Media Theories By Hussain Rashid
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Roland Barthes French literary theorist, philosopher and semiotician, Barthes suggested that narrative works with five different codes, The Enigma code, The Action code, The Semantic Code, The Symbolic Code and The Cultural Code. The Enigma Code  refers to any element of the story that is not fully explained and hence becomes a mystery to the reader. Most stories hold back details in order to increase the effect of the final revelation of all the truths. We tend not to be satisfied by a narrative unless all ‘loose ends’ are tied; however, narratives often frustrate the early revelation of truths by offering: Snares - deliberately avoiding the truth Vagueness – partial or incomplete answers Jammings – openly acknowledge that there is no answer to a problem A great example of something that contains the enigma code is the genre of a detective story. The Action Code  also builds tension, referring to any other action or event that indicates that something else is going to happen and which hence gets the reader guessing as to what will happen next. The Enigma and Action Codes work as a pair to develop the stories tensions and keep the reader interested.  The Semantic Code  this code refers to connotation within the text that gives additional meaning over the basic denotative meaning of the story.
The Symbolic Code  This is very similar to the Semantic Code but acts at a wider ;eve;, organising Semantic meanings into broader and deeper sets of meaning. This is typically done in the use of antithesis, where new meaning arises out of opposing and conflicting ideas. The Cultural Code  this code refers to anything that is founded on some kind of canonical works that cannot be challenged and is assumed to be a foundation for truth. It tries to explore not just how the narrative works ‘internally’ but also how it evokes connections to the world outside the text for the reader (i.e. cultural references etc) in other words, the cultural codes tend to point to our shared knowledge about the way the world works

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Narrative Theories

  • 1. Media Theories By Hussain Rashid
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. The Symbolic Code This is very similar to the Semantic Code but acts at a wider ;eve;, organising Semantic meanings into broader and deeper sets of meaning. This is typically done in the use of antithesis, where new meaning arises out of opposing and conflicting ideas. The Cultural Code this code refers to anything that is founded on some kind of canonical works that cannot be challenged and is assumed to be a foundation for truth. It tries to explore not just how the narrative works ‘internally’ but also how it evokes connections to the world outside the text for the reader (i.e. cultural references etc) in other words, the cultural codes tend to point to our shared knowledge about the way the world works